[11.6 英国经济学人]西藏 英国的宗主国补偿
来源：http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12570571翻译：个人翻译
Tibet
Britain's suzerain remedy
Nov 6th 2008
From The Economist print edition
To control Tibet’s future, China extends control over its past
为了控制西藏的未来，中国扩大控制西藏过去
IT WAS an early-21st-century solution to an early-20th-century problem. On October 29th, at the end of a short statement published on his ministry’s website, Britain’s foreign secretary, David Miliband, quietly junked his country’s long-standing position on Tibet. Uniquely among the world’s countries, Britain had not explicitly recognised Chinese sovereignty over the region. Rather it acknowledged its “suzerainty”.
20世纪初的问题到21世纪初才解决。10月29日，英国外交部长，david miliband在官方网页的一个简短申明中平静的表明英国放弃其长久以来对西藏的立场，英国是世界上唯一没有清楚承认中国对西藏拥有主权，也没承认西藏是独立国家的国家。
AP A middle way for the Middle Kingdom
Quite what the term means has been obscure even to British diplomats. But what it does not mean—that China enjoys full sovereignty over China and has done so for centuries—has been enough to irk Chinese officials. It bolstered claims that Tibet was not part of China until its troops occupied it in 1951.
这一表述的意思即使对英国外交官来说也很模糊。
但这一表述没又包含的意思——中国对全中国享有主权，且几个世纪来均享有主权——却使中国官员很头疼。它声明：到1951年中国军队占领西藏后，西藏才是中国的一部分。（西藏1951年中国占领之前不属于中国）
Mr Miliband describes Britain’s old position as “based on the geopolitics of the time”—ie, the early 1900s, when British adventurers were entering Tibet from India and the Qing empire was disintegrating in China. He says this “anachronism” has “clouded” Britain’s ability to get its points across on Tibet: on the importance of respect for human rights and of greater Tibetan autonomy.
Miliband 先生表示，英国的就旧立场是建立于时代地缘政治上的，即20世纪90年代早期，英国从印度进入西藏，清朝分裂。他说“时代错误”蒙蔽了英国在西藏问难上表明立场的能力：基于对人权的尊重和更大的西藏自治。
His officials say he has merely aligned Britain’s stance with that of its European Union partners and of America. They point out that even the Dalai Lama, Tibet’s exiled spiritual leader, argues not for Tibetan independence, but for a “middle way” of greater autonomy within China. But that, in fact, is rather reminiscent of some definitions of “suzerainty”. And the Dalai Lama has never admitted, as China would like, that Tibet has always been “an inalienable part of China”. Arguing about its past status, he has insisted, is beside the point.
其官员说，Miliband只不过与美国和欧盟统一姿态。他们指出即使西藏流亡政府领袖达赖喇嘛也不赞成西藏独立，只是追求西藏更大自治的中间路线。但是这只不过让人想起一些对“宗主权”的定义。达赖喇嘛也从未承认中国所说的西藏自古以来就是中国不可分割的一部分。对过去地位上的争论，他说，是不中肯的。
Moreover, he has recently shown signs of exasperation with his 20-year pursuit of the middle way. With his envoys in Beijing this week for an eighth round of talks with China since 2002, the Dalai Lama has said his trust in China’s good faith is “thinning, thinning, thinning”. His conciliatory policies have faced mounting criticism from Tibetans since bloody riots in Tibet earlier this year. A meeting later this month in Dharamsala, his seat in northern India, is to review his exiled government’s stance.
此外，最近他对其20年来追求中间路线的努力表示恼怒。当他的特使本周正在北京进行2002年以来的第八次对话时，达赖喇嘛表示他对中国的诚意信心“消散，消散，消散。”他的温和政策自今年早期的西藏暴乱后受到藏民如潮的批评。本月后期，他将在北印度Dharamsala，流亡政府所在地，反思流亡政府的姿态。
Curiously, Mr Miliband’s statement does not, in so many words, recognise Chinese sovereignty. But officials say it means that, as far as Britain is concerned, “Tibet is part of China. Full stop.” For many Tibetans, however, the correct punctuation remains a question-mark.
奇怪的是，Miliband先生的申明并没有明确地认可中国主权，但官员说，就英国而言，意思是：“西藏属于中国，句号。”对很多藏民来说，正确的标点依然是问号。
[ 本帖最后由 krypton 于 2008-11-8 17:40 编辑 ]
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