【08.11.07美国洛杉矶时报】中国人权”行动计划”遭质疑
【标题】中国的人权“行动计划”遭质疑【链接】http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-rights7-2008nov07,0,2674520.story
【翻译】QChen
【声明】本文翻译仅限Anti-CNN使用，转载请注明译者及出处。
【原文】
China's 'action plan' on human rights meets with skepticism
Beijing's announcement comes three months before a U.N. council is to review the status of human rights programs in the communist nation. Critics call it a public relations ploy.
By John M. Glionna
November 7, 2008
Reporting from Beijing -- Facing international criticism over human rights abuses, China is preparing a national "action plan" on such issues as torture and freedom of speech, but critics Thursday were skeptical that the move would bring much change.
Beijing's announcement comes three months before the United Nations Human Rights Council is to review the status of rights programs in the communist nation.
China was also publicly embarrassed last month when a prestigious European human rights prize was awarded to Hu Jia, a dissident jailed for speaking out on AIDS issues and calling for environmental protections. Beijing had warned that the award would damage relations between China and the European Union.
In an article published in state-run news media, the State Council Information Office said this week that the plan would involve "expanding democracy, strengthening the rule of law, improving people's livelihood, protecting rights of women, children and ethnic minorities, and boosting public awareness of human rights."
Critics called the move a public relations ploy.
"Most international observers who follow human rights in China consider this mostly eyewash," said Jerome Cohen, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. "It would be wonderful if the Chinese government would open up and discuss concrete cases. Human rights watchers want to talk about reality, not principle."
Others were more optimistic.
"Five years ago you couldn't even say the words 'human rights' in China, so the government should be commended for uttering the phrase at last," said Sara Davis, executive director of New York-based Asia Catalyst, which provides support to Chinese groups that promote human rights.
"What's really needed is legal reform and criminal procedure law. That would give their plan some real teeth," she said. "Also protections against police abuse. If those are included, this is truly something we should be celebrating."
China has recently faced domestic pressure from politically oriented bloggers and a growing middle class to guarantee more rights.
Some said they hoped that President-elect Barack Obama would apply more pressure on China than President Bush has in regard to treatment of citizens.
A Beijing salesman, who identified himself only as Yu for fear of government retribution, said he would applaud such a move.
"That's good for the Chinese people," he said. "The Chinese government gets pressure from all sides on this issue. But the common people will benefit. It's not bad for us."
Some activists worried that Beijing's promise of a new human rights strategy was being promoted by the nation's information office, in charge of shaping public image, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, an agency with relatively little domestic clout. The state-run media have reported that the plan will include contributions from the courts, parliament and nongovernmental groups.
"But the real issues that concern the world, including the torture of prisoners and free speech, are the domain of the police -- the Ministry of Public Security -- and they're not mentioned as being at the table," said Joshua Rosenzweig, Hong Kong research manager for the Dui Hua Foundation, a U.S.-based human rights group.
"The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has absolutely no authority over China's police. That doesn't inspire much confidence that real human rights issues will be addressed or dealt with."
He added, however, that the action plan marks the first time China is committing to a public strategy on human rights that activists can later use as a scorecard for progress.
Zhao Zhengqun, deputy director of Nankai University's Center for Human Rights Research and an action plan panel member, told the South China Morning Post that the government's strategy reflected a change in attitude.
"The safeguarding of human rights had long been regarded as a liability brought by international treaties, but the action plan indicates that the government is now committed to that cause," he said. "The country shows more willingness to accept the concept of human rights."
But torture and other abuses remain a major concern with many activist groups.
Paris-based Reporters Without Borders released a statement Thursday welcoming the release of writer and cyber-dissident Liu Xianbin, who was sentenced in 1999 to 13 years in prison for "inciting subversion of state authority." But the group said that 49 such dissidents were still being held.
The group recently reported that one man was tortured and beaten by prison guards after organizing a meeting in his village that officials say was designed to overthrow the government. Yang Maodong was deprived of sleep for 13 days, the group said; he was reportedly also tied to a wooden bed, his arms and legs chained, for 42 days, and was given electric shocks.
"Without the will to put an end to such abuses, we will see little change," Rosenzweig said. "Good ideas are not going to be enough. There has to be the will to change. That's always the problem."
Glionna is a Times staff writer.
john.glionna@latimes.com
Times staff writer Mark Magnier contributed to this report
【译文】
中国人权"行动计划"遭质疑
北京在联合国理事会审查共产党国家人权项目报告的3个月前作出该项计划的宣布。批评者称此为一个公关手法。
By John M. Glionna
November 7, 2008
来自北京的报道 – 面对国际上对于人权行为的批评，中国在筹划一个国家性的“行动计划”，话题涉及拷问和言论自由，但在周四，批评家们质疑，该项计划不会带来多少改变。
北京是在联合国人权理事会审查共产主义国家人权状况的3个月前宣布此计划。
上月，当一个享有盛誉的欧洲人权奖授予了胡佳，一位勇于说出爱滋病问题，呼吁环境保护的在押异见人士时，中国在公众面前遭遇尴尬。北京警告说，这个奖项将会破坏中国同欧盟之间的关系。
国营媒体上发表文章说，国务院新闻办公室本周称，该项计划涉及“扩大民主，加强法治，改善民生，保护妇女、儿童和少数民族权利，以及推进公众的人权认识。”
批评家称这个行动是一个公关手法。
“大部份跟进中国人权的国际观察家认为这多半是空话。”位于纽约的对外关系委员会一位高级成员Jerome Cohen表示说，“如果中国政府开放并讨论具体个案会很不错。人权观察家们想要谈的是现实，而不是原则。”
也有人更乐观。
“五年前，你甚至不能在中国说”人权”的字眼，所以政府最终说出这个词语应该得到赞许。”总部设在纽约的Asia Catalyst组织执行主任Sara Davis表示说，该组织为推广人权的中国团体提供支持。
“真正需要的是法制改革和刑事诉讼法，那才会让他们的计划有一些实质的意义。”她说，“还有针对警察滥用职权的保护措施。如果这些都包含了，才是我们应该真正庆贺的。”
中国最近面临国内来自具有政治导向的部落格以及一批发展中的中产阶级的压力，要求保证更多的权利。
有人说，他们希望在有关公民待遇方面，新当选的奥巴马(Barack Obama)总统会比布什总统给中国施予更多的压力。
一位北京的销售人员，因担心政府处罚只透露了他姓余，说他鼓掌欢迎这样的行动。
“这对于中国人来说是好事，”他说，“中国政府在这个问题上受到各方面的压力。但是普通人会受益。这对我们来说不是坏事。”
由负责塑造公众形象的国家新闻办公室以及对国内影响力较小的外交部来提倡的北京对于新人权战略的承诺，一些活动分子感到忧虑。国营媒体报道，该计划会包括来自法院，国务院以及非政府组织的共同参与。
“但是关系到社会的真正问题，包括对犯人的拷问，言论自由，警察机关领域 – 公安部 – 他们都没有被提到”， 美国人权组织对话基金会(Dui Hua Foundation)香港研究处经理Joshua Rosenzweig表示。
“外交部对于中国的警察机关根本没有权力。这就没有让人产生太多的信心会有真正的人权问题得解决或是处理。”
他补充说，不过，这项行动计划表明了中国第一次在人权上承诺一项公众策略，活动分子可以将其作为发展进程的打分卡。
赵正群，南开大学人权研究中心副主任，也是行动计划专门小组的成员，他告诉南华早报说，政府的策略反应了态度的改变。
他说，“人权的保护措施长时间以来都被看作是由国际条约所带来的一项义务，但是行动计划表明了政府现在对此问题承担责任。”“国家表现出了更多的主观意愿来接受人权的概念。”
但是拷问和其它滥用行为还是很多活动分子团体的一个主要关注。
位于巴黎的无疆界记者组织周四发表了一个声明，欢迎作家及网络异议人士刘贤斌的释放，以“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”自1999年被判入狱13年。但是该组织称，另有49名这样的异议人士还在扣押之中。
该组织最近报道了有一个人在村内组织了一次会议后，据官员们称这是计划推翻政府的会议，受到监狱护卫的严刑拷打。该组织报道说，杨茂东被禁睡13天；据称他被绑在木板床上，手臂和大腿拴上锁链达42天，并被施予电击。
“没有意愿结束这样的虐待行为，我们将看不到什么大的改变。” Rosenzweig表示说，“好的想法并不够。必须要有意愿进行改变。这一直都是问题所在。”
[ 本帖最后由 QChen 于 2008-11-9 22:48 编辑 ] 有进步就是好事！“五年前，你甚至不能在中国说”人权”的字眼，所以政府最终说出这个词语应该得到赞许。”
说得不错～～ 好的想法并不够。必须要有意愿进行改变。这一直都是问题所在。 中国非常愿意帮助和监督美国设在关塔那摩和阿部格莱部监狱的虐囚和酷刑问题。 但是关系到社会的真正问题，包括对犯人的拷问，言论自由，警察机关领域 – 公安部 – 他们都没有被提到 Q43) 人权?难道美国的字典里就有这两个字吗 人权问题一直受国际诟病
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