【08.10.24 US-CHINA TODAY】点燃的民族主义热火
【出处】US-CHINA TODAY【译者】pinkpinp &末末的快乐
【声明】本文翻译仅限Anti-CNN使用，转载请注明译者及出处。
【原文链接】
http://uschina.usc.edu/(A(9HVFfX1syQEkAAAAZTkxYzNmNGItNWE3Yi00NDI2LWE2OWMtMTg3NjU0M2IyN2VlobcWGGjGRUchTPlnBQhJyPtUsz41)X(1)S(3npdqzichlfdacbh2npnmeny))/ShowFeature.aspx?articleID=2751&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
Igniting Nationalist Fires
点燃的民族主义热火
'ChinaPride' swelled in the run up to the Olympics Games, but theChinesegovernment watches nervously as nationalist fires threaten toburn outof control.
“为中国自豪”的情绪在奥运会时达到颠峰,但是中国政府对于这种民族主义之火感到很紧张因为这很可能会失去控制。
Release Date: 10/24/2008
发表日期：10/24/2008
By PETER WINTER
作者:：PETER WINTER
The cheers were deafening.
震耳欲聋的欢呼声。
Red and gold flags enveloped the Bird’s Nest as Chinese sprinterLiuXiang lined up for the 110-meter hurdles. The poster boy of thecountry’s Olympic hopes, Liu had become more than a runner sincehissuccess in Athens four years earlier—he was the athletic face ofNewChina, a strong and renewed nation ready to take its place on theworldstage. Painted from head to toe in their homeland’s colors, hisfans watched with burning anticipation as the "Flying Man" prepared fortake off. The crack of the starting pistol…
当刘翔站在110米栏前时,红黄相间的棋子在鸟巢里面四处飘扬。 这个海报里的男孩是这个国家奥运的希望。刘已经不仅仅是一名短跑选手:4年前雅典的成功已让这个田径选手成为新中国，一个做好准备在世界舞台上占据一席之地的强大复兴民族的标签.从头到脚涂满这个国家颜色的粉丝充满期望的等待”飞人”的再次腾飞，等待着起跑枪声的打响。
The silence was heartbreaking.
沉静让人心碎。
Liu was injured, his hamstring unwilling to permit him to continue. Ashe limped away from the line, the stadium grew quiet, fans looking onas an Olympic dream died on the blocks.
刘受伤的脚筋不允许他继续奔跑.当他一瘸一拐的离开跑道,整个体育场变的非常静,人们的表情就如一种奥运梦在起跑支撑木那里破碎。
One CCTV broadcaster wept as she delivered news of Liu’s injury tohercountrymen. Sun Haiping, the runner’s coach, sobbeduncontrollablyduring a post-race press conference, his emotionssymbolic of national sentiment. The blow hit China hard--atremendousblow to their Olympicsuccess.
一名CCTV的记者在她向国人报道刘受伤的情况时黯然泪下。他的教练孙海平在赛后的新闻发布会失控落泪,他的情绪也代表了国人的心情。这个事件沉重打击了中国，对于奥运会成功举办的一阵冷风。
"Despite the fact that China won 51 gold medals at this year'sOlympicGames, a gold medal from Liu Xiang, the picture isdefinitely not perfect," said Xu Guoqi, author of Olympic Dreams: ChinaandSports, 1895-2008. " represents everything Chinese want toconvey to the world: confidence, a can-do spirit and forward-looking.When Liuwithdrew from the event, most Chinese were devastated."
《奥运之梦---中国和体育，1892-2008》一文的作者徐国齐（未核对）说：“尽管中国在本届奥运会上夺得了51枚金牌,然后缺少了刘翔的这一枚使得整幅画卷无法完美,刘翔代表中国想向世界展示的所有东西:自信,一种‘我能’的精神和向前看.当刘翔推出比赛,大部分中国人都感受到挫败。”
Even China’s top leaders were quick to comment on the nationalimplications of Liu’s race. Vice President Xi Jinping penned a letterto China’s General Sports Administration, expressing his condolences.
甚至中国的高级领导人对刘这一寓意深刻的时间立即作出评论.副主席习近平亲自给国家体育总局写了一封信。以表慰问。
"We all understand that Liu quit the race due to injury," Xi wrote."Wehope he will relax and focus on recovery. We hope that after herecovers, he will continue to train hard and struggle harder for thenational glory."
习在信里说：“我们都能理解刘翔因为脚伤而退赛,我们希望他能放下心情并集中注意力做恢复工作。我们希望他在康复后能够继续艰苦训练并再次为祖国的荣誉努力奋斗。”
The fervor surrounding Liu’s run had become commonplace in the run upto the August Games. As the country embraces its new found status ininternational society, a national pride has grown among the public.Withdecades of economic prosperity, the country’s rise has beenmesmerizing, astounding even the fiercest critics.
对于刘的热烈期待是非常平凡的并且在八月份达到了鼎盛。随着中国在国际社会中所取得的新的地位，一种民族自豪感在公众心理大大扩展。而持续几十年在经济领域上取的繁荣，也让大家对这个国家的发展着迷，即使是最尖锐的批评家也为之震惊。
J. H. Santana Wulsin, an American expatriate now working in Beijing, found the wave of "China Pride" captivating.
目前移居北京工作的美国人J.H.SANTANA WULSINA发现这种“为中国自豪”的情绪相当富有感染力。
"In restaurants, subways and offices--everywhere--there were groups ofenthusiastic Chinese watching the Games, cheering wildly for the goodand sighingwith resignation for the bad," he said. "The eventstrulydid consume every waking moment of the entire city."
宾馆，地铁，办公室等任何地方都有满腔热情的中国人在观看比赛，肆无忌惮地为好（成绩）欢呼为不好的（成绩）叹息。
Recent surveys conducted by the Pew Global Attitudes Project prior tothe Games found nearly that 96% of Chinese believed the Olympicswouldbe an overwhelming success, helping to strengthen China’s imagearound the world.
当前由PEW全球民意项目组在奥运会前所做的调查显示接近96%的中国人相信奥运会会取得巨大成功，并且能帮助巩固中国在国际上的印象。
In the months prior to the Games, however, the enormity of that prideunsettled some foreign onlookers, troubled by the prospect of ferventnationalism driving China’s policies toward other countries.
然而，在奥运会之前几个月，正是这种剧烈的情绪使外国的旁观者感到非常不安，他们对于中国这中民族主义情绪驱动下对外国制订的政策赶到担忧。
"The legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party is based on threelegs:economic growth, nationalism and social stability," Xusaid."Unfortunately, these three legs are not completely compatible. Tostay in power, the Party has to be champions of nationalism. But therise ofnationalism can be a double-edged sword which can hurt the partyaswell if the rise of nationalism leads to social unrest or negativelyinfluences Sino-foreign relations."
“中国共产党执政的合法性是基于3点：经济发展，民族主义以及稳定的社会，”许说“很遗憾的是，这三个支点并不是完全和谐。为了维持权利，共产党必须支持这种民族主义，但是持续增长的民族主义情绪可能是一把双韧剑，同样它也可能伤害到共产党本身，因为这可能导致社会的不安及对中外关系造成负面影响。”
Provoking nationalism for political support is nothing new.Politicians,including Chinese ones, have long appealed to their people’s sense ofself to garner support for policies. The extent,however, to whichChina’s nationalist furor erupted in recent months has become theprimary concern.
利用激怒的民族主义来取得政治支持已不是新鲜的事情。政治家们，也包括中国的政治家们，他们长期以来所培养的人们对于自身的感觉是对政策的一种支持储备。他们已经开始关注这种在最近几个月爆发的民族狂热。
The reaction to riots in and near Tibet earlier this year provided aglimpse into this dark side of nationalism. Chinese televisionaudiences did not see and were not told that the initial protests werepeaceful ones. Instead, they only saw images of Tibetans violentlyclashing with security forces. When international leaders andorganizations condemned the conditions that provoked the initialprotests and urged the Chinese government to act with restraint, manyChinese were outraged. They attacked news organizations as biased.State-run news sources inundated the Internet with their side of theTibetan story. Xinhua hosted one website featuring videos, commentary,pictures and articles on the ruthlessness of the Tibetan movement,China’s economic development of the region and biased foreign mediareports. Chinese netizens took to online discussion boards, condemningforeign intervention in national affairs. The song, "Don’t be Too CNN"by Murong Xuan, became a popular hit by lampooning CNN and otherinternational media for what they saw as false reports.
今年早些时候发生在西藏及其周边地区的骚乱多少也反映了这种民族主义的阴暗面.中国的电视观众并没有看到,甚至也没有人告诉他们,最开始的抗议活动是和平的.相反,他们只看到藏人与军队发生激烈冲突的画面.当国际组织与领导人谴责这种煽动抗议活动的情况并敦促中国政府保持克制时,中国民众被激怒了.他们有偏见似的指责新闻机构.从其观点出发的关于西臧的官方新闻内容在网上泛滥.在新华社的网站上，反映西藏运动的残忍、中国地区经济发展和外媒偏见报道的录像，评论，照片和文章占据主要位置。中国网民则都到在线讨论区谴责外国干预其国内事务。MurongXuan所作歌曲《做人不要太CNN》通过讽刺CNN和其它被认为有错误报道的国际媒体而成为热门曲目。
At Duke University, Chinese student Grace Wang stood between pro-Chinaand pro-Tibet protest groups and called for dialogue and understanding.The next day, an image of Wang appeared on Chinese student Internetforums with the words, "Traitor to your country," emblazoned in Chineseacross her forehead. Wang’s name, government issued-identificationnumber and contact information were included, along with directions toher parents’ apartment in Qingdao. One netizen threatened,"If youreturn to China, your dead corpse will be chopped into ten thousandpieces."
杜克大学的中国学生格雷斯.王站在支持中国和支持西藏的抗议队伍之间，号召双方对话和理解。第二天，她的照片就出现在中国学生网络论坛上，配以这样的文字：“你是卖国贼。”文字被画在其照片的额头上，另外还有她的姓名，身份证号码，联系方式，以及它的父母在青岛的公寓地址。一名网民威胁道：“一旦你回到中国，你将被碎尸万段。”
Suisheng Zhao, director of the Center for China-U.S. Cooperation at theUniversity of Denver, explained in a recent article that China’shosting of the Olympics has brought a certain amount of unexpectedattention to the country.
赵Suisheng，丹佛大学中美合作中心主管，在其最近的一篇文章里说道，中国举办奥运会给本国带来大量意想不到的关注。
"The 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing have brought not only thecelebration but also intense international scrutiny of China’sweaknesses," he said. "The scrutiny has focused on many of China’sdomestic and external challenges, including pollution, human rights,media freedoms, along with the issues of Tibet and Taiwan."
" 2008年北京夏季奥运会不仅带来庆祝，还带来了国际社会对中国的弱点的详细审视，"他说。"这种审视大多集中于中国国内和外部面临的挑战， 包括污染，人权，媒体自由，还有西藏和台湾问题。 "
This oversight has fueled the Chinese nationalist response, highlightedat each stop of the Olympic torch relay. Chinese students studying inthe United States mobilized to support their government and theOlympics, turning out at the torch relay stop in San Francisco and atan anti-CNN rally outside the network’s Los Angeles offices.
这种失察使中国民族主义者如火上浇油，尤其体现在奥林匹克火炬接力的每个站点上。在美国学习的中国学生动员起来支持他们的政府和奥运会，出现在旧金山的火炬接力现场以及CNN洛杉矶办公室外的反CNN 集会上。
Following massive protests in Paris, London, San Francisco and NewDelhi, outraged Chinese citizens took to the streets, angered by theperceived foreign malevolence. After protesters in Paris assailedChinese Paralympic fencer Jin Jing during her leg of the torch relay, amob in Qingdao gathered outside the French-owned supermarket Carrefour,burning French flags and calling for a boycott of foreign goods. Duringthe South Korean leg of the relay, thousands of Chinese foreignstudents gathered on the streets of Seoul. Reports of several clashesbetween the students and pro-Tibet elements soon followed.
继在巴黎，伦敦，旧金山和新德里的大规模抗议之后，愤慨的中国公民冲到街头，对所见的国外恶意表示愤怒。在巴黎的抗议者袭击在进行火炬传递的中国残疾人奥运会击剑运动员金晶之后，青岛的一群暴民在法资超市家乐福外聚集，燃烧法国旗并且要求抵制外国货。在火炬接力韩国站期间，数千中国留学生在首尔的街道上聚集。随后出现报道说，那些学生和支持西藏的人士发生了一些冲突。
Daniel Bell, professor of philosophy at Tsinghua University, explainsthat the Chinese reaction has largely been a response to one-sidedWestern attitudes.
清华大学哲学教授丹尼尔•贝尔，解释说道，中国民众的反应是对西方一边倒的态度的回应。
"The international protests during the torch relay were partly, if notmainly, the product of the dominant Western response to the Tibetriots," Bell said. "The riots targeted Chinese civilians atrandom, and most Chinese were genuinely puzzled by the surge insympathy for the Tibetan cause and apparent lack of sympathy for theChinese victims in the West."
"火炬传递期间的国际性抗议，有一部分是（如果不是主要的话，）西方主流国家对西藏骚乱反应的结果，"贝尔说。"（西藏）骚乱肆意以中国平民为目标，而大多数的中国人困惑于西方国家对西藏事件的起因同情激增，却对[在暴动期间被杀害或受伤的 ]受害者明显缺乏同情心。"
Bell notes that the Chinese public’s understanding of the situation inTibet is perhaps deeper than many Western viewers believe.
贝尔指出中国公众对西藏的形势了解或许比很多西方观察家所相信的更深。
"I think most educated Chinese are aware that there are repressivepolicies in Tibet, and many Chinese students were upset at tightenedInternet controls after the riots, but they were still puzzled by thedominant response in the West," he explained. "It should also be saidthat Chinese students abroad are often more jingoistic than the ones inChina. In China, they are often critical of their own government, butthey become more defensive when faced with criticisms by ill-informedoutsiders."
"我认为大部分受过教育的中国人都意识到在西藏有镇压政策，很多中国学生对骚乱之后严格的网络控制都感到不安，但他们仍然觉得西方主流观点令人疑惑不解，"他解释道。"或者可以说，中国留学生经常比在国内的学生有更多的极端爱国主义。在中国，他们经常挑剔他们自己的政府，但是他们面对有错误认知的外人的批评时，变得更有防备了。 "
The Beijing Games has also fueled extreme reactions from others in theregion, bringing out fringe groups to protest the country’s hoststatus. In Nagano, Japan, ultra-nationalists crowded onto streets,blasting messages of hate across loudspeakers. According to the TimesOnline, Japan’s nationalists have used the pretext of the Tibetancrackdown to push their anti-China message. Reporter Leo Lewis capturedthe scene:
北京奥运会也促使地区内其它国家产生相当大的反应，激起偏激组织抗议该国主人公地位。在日本长野，极端民族主义者挤到街道上，用扬声器鼓吹恨意。据《时代在线》报道，日本民族主义者借用西藏制裁借口推销反华信息。 记者利奥•刘易斯这样描述现场：
"China is not qualified to hold a festival of peace because it is acountry that murdered Tibetans," one protestor shouted. "We mustestablish a true national army to protect against China," anotherscreamed.
"中国没有资格举办象征和平的盛会，因为它是个谋害藏人的国家，"一名抗议者大叫。"我们必须建立一支真正的国家军队来保护我们的国家，对抗中国，"另一个也尖声喊道。
The unpredictability of a nationalist public has aroused concern in theChinese government. Its immediate and potential long-term effect onforeign relations clearly apparent, the Communist Party now worriesabout its consequences at home.
民族主义公共团体的不可预测性已经引起中国政府的忧虑。其对国外关系的当前和长期影响是明显的，共产党现在担心的是它在国内引起的反应。
"Although the Chinese government has relied on nationalism to bolstersupport since communism disappeared as a unifying principle,expressions of strong nationalist sentiment can also lead to protestsagainst the communist government," Zhao writes. "The increasingassertiveness of popular nationalism has thus posed a dauntingchallenge to a communist government clinging to its monopoly on power."
"自从共产主义作为一个统一的原则消失之后，中国政府依赖于民族主义提高支持率，但这种强烈民族主义情感同样外能导致对共产主义政府的抗议，"赵写道。"民族主义得到推崇，其武断言论也不断增加，因此，已经给坚持一党专政的政府造成令人生畏的挑战。 "
Still, the benefit of nationalism as a legitimizing force for the Communist Party is not unappreciated.
而且，民族主义作为合法化的力量给共产党带来的好处还未受赏识。
"Despite its lip services to nationalism, the government so far hasbeen largely passive responding to events," Xu said of the CCP’sreaction to outbursts of nationalism. "External pull, not internalpush, explains the Chinese government's behavior pattern."
"尽管在口头上赞成民族主义，迄今为止，政府基本上是被动的应对所发生的事件，"Xu 谈及中国共产党对民族主义的爆发的反应。"外部拉力，并非内部的推动，解释了中国政府的行为模式。"
Xu, however, does not dismiss the importance of keeping nationalism under check. .
不过，Xu，并不排除控制民族主义的重要性。
.
"Of course, the government has to also pay delicate attention todomestic public opinion," he said. "After all, it is the Chinese peoplewho can take the mandate of heaven away from the Party."
"当然，政府也必须巧妙注意国内舆论，"他说。"终究，只有中国人民才能使共产党脱离权利。 "
Xu said that the government was effective, however, in suppressing any overtly nationalist outpourings during the Games.
Xu也说了，在奥运会期间，政府在镇压公开的民族主义宣泄活动方面倒是挺有效率的。
"Although Beijing hosted a quite impressive Games, it succeeded at thecost of stealing fun away from regular citizens in the name ofsecurity. There were no public and spontaneous celebrations or rallies, which took place regularly in the past," Xusaid, highlighting the effect such events might have on foreignopinion. "A possible reason for the government to discourage averageChinese from public gathering is to prevent any possible impression ofthe rise of Chinese nationalism to the rest of the world."
"虽然北京举办了一场给人深刻印象的比赛，但是它的成功是以安全的名义剥夺普通民众的娱乐为代价。过去定期举行的[大规模]公众自发的庆祝活动或者集会都没有了，"Xu说，强调这些事件有可能影响外国对中的意见。"政府阻止平民去公共集会的一个可能的原因是避免给其它国家造成中国民族主义上升的印象。"
Bell is hopeful about China’s continued development following the Olympics.
贝尔希望中国在奥运会之后能继续发展。
"My impression is that the games have been widely asuccessful in China," Bell said. "The relatively civil Olympics shouldhave improved U.S. perceptions. Predictions of jingoistic nationalismduring the Olympics proved to be wrong."
"我的印象是奥运会在中国国内被普遍[视为 ]成功，"贝尔说。"相对来说的民间奥运会本应提升美国的认识能力。 事实证明，在奥运会期间出现极端民族主义的预测是错误的。 "
Bell concludes that while Beijing’s need for a successful Olympic Gamesdid create somewhat artificial social and political controls, heexpects the broad trend towards openness in Chinese society to continue.
贝尔总结说，尽管北京为了确保成功举办奥运会，确实人为控制了一些社会和政治行为， 他希望中国社会对外开放的趋势继续。
"In a way, the Western governments and human rights groups thatexpected the Olympics, per se, to bring out openness had it backwards,"he said. "For the Chinese government, and I think there was substantialpopular support for this view, the overriding priority was to secure astable social and political environment during the Olympics, but therewill likely be more pressure for opening up social and political debateafter the Olympics."
"从某种意义上说，原本期望奥运会能给中国带来开放的西方国家和人权组织反而使其倒退了。"他说。"对于中国政府来说——并且我认为我的这一观点会有实际广泛支持——基本的先决条件是确保奥运会期间的平稳社会和政治环境， 但很可能在奥运会之后，开放社会和政治讨论将会有更多的压力。 " 作文的人缺少一些常识！ 任何一个国家的政府都会控制极端情绪,见怪不怪.
当极端情绪来自政府的时候,才会极端可怕,象希特勒政府.日本天皇政府. 中国政府如果不压制这种民族主义,我想5.1那天家乐福一定会成为废墟. 又来了。 他们有偏见似的指责新闻机构.从其观点出发的关于西臧的官方新闻内容在网上泛滥
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睁眼说瞎话呀
偏见报道可是CNN的专利 毫无新意的西媒，说来说去就这几句，总之他们是把我们想象成盲目的狂热分子，好像我们完全没有自己的分辨能力，不知道他们伟大的“民主”！真是笑死人了，民主这个词还没诞生的时候，我们的前人已经创造出灿烂的文明和思想了！表面上假惺惺的，实际上包藏祸心，故意挑起事端，还是抱着你们自己的民主回家睡觉吧 收藏，明天再细细看！ 两岸猿声啼不住轻舟已过万重山
爱咋说咋说,事实胜于雄辩 老调重弹了，没什么新意。对中国政府、中国人民和海外华人的总结性大批判。只不过是更加暴露了他们自己的恶毒和无耻罢了。 就因为某些外媒的无耻，，， 无聊的很～～～ 今年早些时候发生在西藏及其周边地区的骚乱多少也反映了这种民族主义的阴暗面.中国的电视观众并没有看到,甚至也没有人告诉他们,最开始的抗议活动是和平的.相反,他们只看到藏人与军队发生激烈冲突的画面.当国际组织与领导人谴责这种煽动抗议活动的情况并敦促中国政府保持克制时,中国民众被激怒了.他们有偏见似的指责新闻机构.从其观点出发的关于西臧的官方新闻内容在网上泛滥.在新华社的网站上，反映西藏运动的残忍、中国地区经济发展和外媒偏见报道的录像，评论，照片和文章占据主要位置。中国网民则都到在线讨论区谴责外国干预其国内事务。MurongXuan所作歌曲《做人不要太CNN》通过讽刺CNN和其它被认为有错误报道的国际媒体而成为热门曲目。
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“甚至也没有人告诉他们,最开始的抗议活动是和平的”哈哈，西媒终于间接承认那些ZD行为本身是暴力的了，遮羞布是“最开始的抗议活动是和平的”，这又是哪个告诉他们的，“和平抗议的形式”又是如何的，达赖口头喊话吗？Q43) 杜克大学的中国学生格雷斯.王站在支持中国和支持西藏的抗议队伍之间，号召双方对话和理解。第二天，她的照片就出现在中国学生网络论坛上，配以这样的文字：“你是卖国贼。”文字被画在其照片的额头上，另外还有她的姓名，身份证号码，联系方式，以及它的父母在青岛的公寓地址。一名网民威胁道：“一旦你回到中国，你将被碎尸万段。”
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这个格雷斯.王是民-运的缩影，幼稚狂热渴望出名圣母情节被害幻想狂，看看格雷斯.王的美国室友的博客就知道格雷斯.王是个怎样的虚荣货色。被人肉搜索后，非但不采取低调行为，反而到处哭诉，夸大受害情节，博取眼球，表明这人是个天生的民-运。 没必要在细节上乱咬，至于第二篇文章，其终极目标没有不对的地方，我是赞成的，至于为什么政府为什么不推行，我也是不明白的，这一点还需要研究！不过作者的文章也不是全对，其文章所指，有没有操作性，中国特别的国情究竟如何，都没有论述，这样下来就不会取得什么效果而已！ 西方今年一直在等待我们这里乱，想好好导一出所谓的闹剧。没有想到戏是开演了，演到一半成了英雄交响曲，反而倒是自己院子里臭气熏天了。Q23) 老外总是有说法的 全球华人只有拧成一根绳子 才能强大起来对抗你们这些反华着·~~~我们会日益强大 你们就颤抖吧·~··
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