【08.12.09 路透社】中国改革开放30年：18个年代里程碑
【原文标题】Chronology: China milestones since 1978【中文标题】年表：1978年以来中国的里程碑
【登载媒体】路透社
【来源地址】http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE4B90N620081210?sp=true
【译者】荡漾
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，转载请注明译者及出处，谢谢！
【译文】
本月中国将迎来改革开放30年，这一政策使中国从一个孤立而经济滞后的国家发展成世界第四大经济体。
深具里程碑意义的年代回顾如下：
*1978年：中国共产党领导人毛泽东死亡后的第二年在复职的资深领导人邓小平的支持下中共开始实行改革开放。农村启动“家庭承包责任制”，农民第一次有了对产品的所有权。
*1979年：大多数城市家庭只允许生一个孩子，限制家庭人口规模，控制人口增长。中美外交关系正常化。
*1980年：南方深圳市成为第一个“经济特区”，享有更灵活的市场经济政策。多年之后深圳从一个小渔村发展成了制造和航运中心。
*1986年：由学生发动的反腐败反政府控制的示威游行在北京和其他城市蔓延开来。动乱导致1987年胡耀邦下台，在邓小平和党内长者看来这位改革派主席过于自由化了。
*1988年：经济动荡引起公众不满。城市里通货膨胀率上升，达到高峰时超过30%，引起银行亏空和老百姓恐慌性抢购。
*1989年：随着其他国家共产党政权的倒台反政府示威游行继续蔓延。6月3-4日夜里共产党派出军队大规模**示威游行队伍，在天安门广场造成数百人死亡。扫除异见的运动开始。
*1990年：上海证券交易所成立，中国共产党有史以来的第一个股票市场开张。
*1992年：邓小平南巡力促更快的经济改革步伐并平息党内反对自由市场保守派的影响。这引发了新一轮市场增长并一定程度上缓和了政治局势。
*1996年：中国允许人民币在经常性项目下的可自由兑换，为进出口启动了资金的自由流动。
*1997年：2月邓小平去世。江泽民接任。7月前英殖民地香港回归。
*1998年：中国拨款5000亿美元帮助银行部门解决改革之初多因政治指令造成的坏账问题。
*1999年：5月在对塞尔维亚战争中北约武装力量轰炸中国驻贝尔格莱德大使馆，随后中国示威者包围并向驻京美国大使馆投掷石块、攻击其他城市的美国领事馆。
*2001年：11月中国加入世贸组织。
*2002年：中国共产党允许企业家入党。
*2003年：全国人民代表大会通过胡锦涛接任江泽民担任国家主席。春夏全国爆发SARS。10月中国首次载人航天飞行器从戈壁沙漠成功发射。
*2005年：中国超越英国、法国和意大利成为世界第四大经济体。中国放宽人民币汇率，不再钉住美元，允许在严格管理的波段内浮动。
*2006年：两个伟大却饱受争议的工程——三峡水坝和青藏铁路完工。中国的外汇储备世界最多，超过1万亿美元。
*2008年：北京奥运会取得巨大成功，见证中国站上了世界舞台。
（资料来源：路透社，Yu Le/Simon Rabinovitch联合报道，Nick Macfie编辑）
【原文】
(Reuters) - China this month marks 30 years since the launch of economic reforms that have transformed the country from an isolated backwater to the world's fourth-largest economy.
Here are some landmark dates:
* 1978: Chinese Communist Party launches reforms backed by the recently rehabilitated veteran leader Deng Xiaoping, two years after death of communist leader Mao Zedong. China starts the "household-responsibility system" in the countryside, giving some farmers ownership of their product for the first time.
* 1979: Most urban families ordered to limit family size to one child to stem population growth. Diplomatic relations with the United States normalized.
* 1980: Southern city Shenzhen is made the first "special economic zone" to experiment with more flexible market policies and in a matter of years it is transformed from a fishing village into a manufacturing and shipping powerhouse.
* 1986: Student-led protests against corruption and political control spread in Beijing and other cities. The unrest leads to the dismissal in 1987 of Hu Yaobang, the reformist Communist Party chief seen as too liberal by Deng and Party elders.
* 1988: Economic turbulence stirs public discontent. Bank runs and panic buying are triggered by rising inflation that peaks at over 30 percent in cities.
* 1989: Anti-government protests spread as other Communist states topple. The Communist Party sends troops to crush mass student-led protests on the nights of June 3-4, killing hundreds around Beijing's Tiananmen Square. Sweeping campaign against dissent launched.
* 1990: The Shanghai Stock Exchange, the first ever stock market in Communist China, opens.
* 1992: Deng tours southern China to press for faster economic reforms and quell the influence of Party conservatives opposed to market liberalization. This sparks a fresh wave of market growth and some political relaxation.
* 1996: China allows the yuan to be convertible on the current account, enabling the free flow of money for imports and exports.
* 1997: Deng dies in February. His successor is Jiang Zemin. Former British colony Hong Kong returns to Chinese rule in July.
* 1998: China kicks off a $500 billion bailout of its banking sector, rescuing them from a legacy of bad, often politically directed, loans made in the early years of reform.
* 1999: In May, Chinese protesters surround and stone the U.S. embassy in Beijing and attack U.S. consulate offices elsewhere in the country after NATO forces bombed China's embassy in Belgrade during the war against Serbia.
* 2001: China joins the World Trade Organization in November.
* 2002: The Communist Party of China permits entrepreneurs to become members.
* 2003: National People's Congress endorses Hu Jintao to succeed Jiang as president. SARS breaks out around the country in spring and summer. China's first manned space flight blasts off from Gobi desert in October.
* 2005: China sweeps past Britain, France and Italy to become the world's fourth-largest economy. China frees the yuan from a dollar peg, letting it float within a tightly managed band.
* 2006: Two great but controversial projects, the Three Gorges Dam and a railway to Tibet, are completed. China's foreign currency reserves, already the world's biggest, top $1 trillion.
* 2008: Beijing hosts hugely successful Summer Olympic Games, illustrating China's arrival on world stage.
Source: Reuters
(Reporting by Yu Le and Simon Rabinovitch; Editing by Nick Macfie)
【截图】
唉，一路艰辛啊 1989年：随着其他国家共产党政权的倒台反政府示威游行继续蔓延。6月3-4日夜里共产党派出军队大规模**示威游行队伍，在天安门广场造成数百人死亡。扫除异见的运动开始。 说的很简单啊
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