纽约时报：中国力促汽车产业合并
本帖最后由 yangfuguang 于 2009-2-26 21:00 编辑【原文网址】
http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/china-turns-to-forced-mergers-in-its-auto-industry/?scp=3&sq=china&st=cse1 S3 ?: V) g. N: E4 r7 t7 [; i% x
【译文】
中国力促汽车产业合并
关于怎样处理挣扎中的三大汽车巨头——通用，克莱斯勒和福特——在国会引起不小的争吵。但是汽车产业的衰退不是一个国家的问题，它对世界汽车厂都有影响，从欧洲豪华车厂到日本实用型汽车厂。
华盛顿沮丧的立法者也许愿意看看北京来找出解决底特律困境的方法。据报道，中国政府想出了一个新颖的方式来解决自己孱弱的汽车厂家：合并。
据中国证券报引用不知名消息人士的话报道，中国政府希望通过合并，使得自己的汽车厂从14家至少减少到10家。
这个计划的最终目的是通过合并汽车工业使得能够产生两到三家年产200万辆汽车的大厂。现在还不知道政府如何开展行动，以及哪些厂家将会被合并。
中央政府一直希望汽车工业能集中，中国没有一个企业能够和丰田与大众在世界上抗衡。合并也许可以确保有一家公司能够造出足够坚固的汽车以用来出口。但是地方政府为了保护当地它们参与投资的企业，在过去一直拖延中央政府的决策。
然而，现今汽车工业的萧条也许会给北京做出进展带来一些足够的条件。与去年比，一月汽车销量下降了14%。这和过去几年年均两位数的增长形成了鲜明对比。
参议员Bob Corker是田纳西州共和党人，他也许会为北京重组汽车产业而欢呼。Corker先生一直反对保持三大汽车公司现在的状态。他曾多次力劝通用与克莱斯勒开展‘探索性’的合并谈判。
但是北京的计划会在美国起作用吗？两国的汽车工业在不同的生命周期中，也许需要不同的解决方法来走出困境。
中国汽车业支离破碎，缺乏规模。他们似乎没有一家足够大的公司可以生产足够高质量的汽车以供出口。合并可以解决这个问题。
美国汽车工业是另一回事，它们已经形成三大汽车厂。它们主要的问题是不断上升的人力成本，这使得他们难以和更加便宜和新的汽车厂竞争。
不清楚合并能不能彻成为帮助它们和低成本制造商竞争的必要推动力。最后，可能是有组织的破产，而不是合并，这将最终挽救三大厂商。不管那种方式，美国纳税人似乎都
要付账的。
评论：
1、合并长远来看是为了多元化和占有市场，这是美国必须准备与之战斗的。数百万中国工人离开后，这些工厂也不会倒闭。这和他们的纺织工业一样。零售额下降，耗尽短期的供应，经济战线将会重新划定，中国将成为焦点。有希望的是，美国，特别是它国会的领袖，也会这样。去看看美国有趣的数字，特别是进口和出口，在中央情报局的网站——https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html
—Chris发布!
2、对于三大厂商的好时机是制造清洁的柴油发动机，这是我们需要的，也是环保局想为火车和船只配备的。船用燃料产生最多的无处不在的有害气体，我们吸入体内，渗入肺内，无法排除。让我们一起清洁我们的大气，帮助我们的厂家为未来能源让路。中国会从中受益，不管是买我们的产品或是偷我们的计划。想得积极点，可持续的和多产的。想想更加清洁的，高效的工作。
柴油机和柴油粉尘使得我远离了一个有趣的工作。职业安全与卫生管理条例的编号记录了混乱和离开，那是关于混乱的免疫系统的，皮肤问题依旧持续。开发清洁柴油车将改善很多美国人的工作状况，以及那些生活在港口和火车站附近的人。如果你生活在它们附近，愿上帝保佑你。
— Abby Tucson, AZ发布
【原文】
China Turns to Forced Mergers in Its Auto Industry
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The debate over what to do with the struggling Big Three automakers — General Motors, Chrysler and Ford — has created quite a ruckus in Congress. But the downturn in the auto sector is not just a local problem; it is affecting car companies around the globe, from the luxury European marques to the more-economical Japanese brands.' s6 y9 @" t8 w2 \) s, qo
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Frustrated lawmakers in Washington may be tempted to look to Beijing to figure out how to solve its Detroit dilemma. It turns out that the Chinese government has reportedly come up with a novel approach in dealing with its own sickly auto industry: forced mergers.
The Chinese government wants to reduce the number of major automakers in the country to at least 10, from 14, through mergers, according to the The Chinese Securities Journal, citing unnamed sources. ; H% M9 K3 g% u$ v6 V
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The plans eventually call for the industry to consolidate down to just two or three large automakers each producing two million vehicles a year. It is still not clear how the government would push through the deals or which companies would eventually be merged.% w* l7 d. c4 U8 D* J: E% M
The central government has long advocated for a more concentrated auto industry. There is not a company strong enough in China to compete with the Toyotas and Volkswagens of the world. Consolidation could one day enable a Chinese car company to efficiently build a vehicle strong enough for export.2 k, L) S: p- a. D6 q5 n
But local governments have blocked Beijing’s efforts in the past in order to protect their homegrown car companies, in which many local officials are invested.* U\3 @. h3 K- p, m
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Still, the current slump in the auto industry may be severe enough to allow Beijing to make some headway. Auto sales in China were down 14 percent in January from the same time last year. That is in stark contrast to the double-digit annual growth rates that the Chinese car industry has experienced over the last several years.* R+ P% M) L, x$ F3 r' L
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Senator Bob Corker, Republican of Tennessee, would probably cheer on the Beijing government in its plans to reorganize its auto industry. Mr. Corker has been a vocal opponent of supporting the Big Three automakers in their current form. He has urged General Motors to hold “exploratory” merger discussions with Chrysler on several occasions.8 f2 p# N; n4 O! N" V% J2 a
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But will the Beijing plan work in the United States? The two auto industries are in different stages of their life cycle and may require different solutions to get them over the slump.
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The Chinese auto industry is fragmented and lacks from economies of scale. There does not appear to be one company large enough to efficiently make enough high-quality cars on a mass scale to sell abroad. Consolidation could solve that problem.* [: z: U( i! Q4 d9 Z
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The American auto industry, on the other hand, is already concentrated among the Big Three. Its main problem is that it sufferers from expensive legacy labor costs, which makes it difficult to compete with cheaper and newer manufacturers.7 @) M6 J3 N" n( ]& c
It is unclear whether merging the American automakers would provide the necessary boost to help them compete against lower-cost producers overseas. In the end, it may be an organized bankruptcy, not mergers, that will eventually save the Big Three. Either way, the American taxpayer seems bound to pick up the tab.
–Cyrus Sanati
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1. February 25th, 2009 10:44 am
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Consolidation with a future eye towards diversifification and market capture; this is what America must be prepared to battle. Those factories that MILLIONS of Chinese workers are walking away from aren’t going to fall down anytime soom. Same with their textile industries. Retail sales down and expendible income short in supply; the lines of economic battle are being re-drawn. China will become focused; hopefully America, especially its Congressional leaders, will as well. Check out the interesting statistics about America, especially imports and exports, at the CIA’s factbook web site: 0 j/ M. @! G' l+ g# t6 U1 G# ?
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.htmlw* d5 P& o( ~3 A
— Posted by Chris! W4 _( p?" `0 _1 y. H) r7 Q) D, l% \
February 25th, 2009 12:44 pm
Time to retool at least one of the big three to make the clean diesel engines we now demand of diesel trucks which the EPA will eventually demand for trains and ships. Bunker fuel creates the most pervasive of harmful air pollution we inhale and the greatest particulate which penetrates the lungs and is not expelled. Let’s go forward and clean our air and help our industry make way for the future of energy. China would benefit whether they bought them from us or stole the plans. Think positive, sustainable and productive. Think cleaner, more efficient jobs. - M0 H( N- s. s+ ?. k8 L3 F
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Diesel fumes and diesel dust chased me away from a fun job. Got OSHA to ID the mess and left. Just about over the wack to the immune system, but skin weirdness continues. Doing this would improve the working lives of many Americans and the home lives of those living near ports and train yards. God save you if you live near both.5 V' q: R5 K% ]
— Posted by Abby Tucson, AZ
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