【09.05.22 路透社】新型流感病毒的基因显示它“并没有那么新”
本帖最后由 I'm_zhcn 于 2009-6-3 08:39 编辑【中文标题】 新型流感病毒的基因显示它“并没有那么新”
【原文标题】 Genes of new flu virus show it's not so new
【登载媒体】 Reuters英国路透社
【来源地址】 http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090522/hl_nm/us_flu_genes
【 译 者 】xiongshu
【翻译方式】 人工翻译
【 声 明 】 本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载.
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-168135-1-1.html
【 译 文 】
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – The most complete analysis yet of the new H1N1 swine flu virus shows it must have been circulating undetected for years, most likely in pigs, researchers said on Friday.
周五科研人员表示，对于新型H1N1猪流感病毒的最全面检测分析表明，该病毒很有可能已经在猪群中间流行了数年但未被人类察觉。
They said pigs are clearly a potential source of human pandemics.
他们表示，猪很明显是人类大型流行疾病的潜在传染源。
"The results of the study show the global need for more systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in pigs," Dr. Nancy Cox, chief of the influenza division at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told reporters in a telephone briefing.
“这项研究的结果表明，目前全球范围内仍需对猪群中的传染性病毒实行更为系统化的监控”，美国疾病预防和控制中心传染性疾病部主任Nancy Cox博士在一次电话采访中这样对媒体表示。
The report by Cox and international team of researchers in the journal Science said the virus "might have been circulating undetected among swine herds somewhere in the world."
在由Cox博士和其国际研究小组成员共同撰写并发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇报道中说道，病毒“很可能一直在世界某处的猪群中流行，而这尚未被人类察觉。”
The researchers confirmed the odd mixture of human, pig and bird genes in the new virus, which has infected more than 11,000 people in 42 countries, and killed 86. The World Health Organization is poised to declare a full pandemic of the virus, which so far causes mostly mild disease in people.
科研人员已经确认了这个新型病毒能感染人类，鸟和猪的特殊基因结构。这种病毒已经在42个国家内造成11000人感染，并有86人死亡。世界为生组织已经准备对世界宣布这种病毒造成了一次全面的疫情，目前大多数患者的病情比较轻微。
The researchers said it is likely other odd mixtures are infecting pigs but simply have not yet been seen. They sequenced the genetic codes of 70 different samples of the new virus from the United States and Mexico.
研究人员表示，猪群很有可能还在受到其他复合体的感染，只不过目前还没察觉。他们对来自美国和墨西哥的70种该新型病毒的不同样本进行了基因测序。
"We can actually determine where each of the genes ... originated," Cox said.
“我们可以确定每一份基因样品来自何处”，Cox说道。
The new virus is a mixture of mixtures -- it includes part of a so-called triple reassortant virus first seen in 1998 that contains elements of human, bird and swine strains.
这种新型病毒是一个有多种复合体构成的物质---其中就包括部分1998年首次发现的，具有人、鸟、猪三者病毒株成分的所谓三联重组体。
It also includes bits from so-called Eurasian strains of flu, including a segment most closely related to a sample from a patient in Hong Kong infected with a swine flu in 1999.
该病毒还包含一些来自所谓流感欧亚株的部分，其中就有一个片段，与取自1999年香港一位感染猪流感的患者的样本非常接近。
GENESIS SCENARIO
疫情成因分析
How this particular new mixture arose is still a mystery, the researcher said.
这个特殊的新复合体是如何出现的，至今尚不明了，科研人员说道。
"Several scenarios exist, including reassortment in Asia or the Americas, for the events that have lead to the genesis of the novel A(H1N1) virus," they wrote.
“有几种成因都有可能，包括发生在亚洲株或美洲株上的重组，这些成因都会导致新型（H1N1）一型病毒的出现”，他们在报告中写到。
It is possible another animal acted as the so-called reservoir, which means an animal that can be infected by a pathogen but does not get sick from it. Cox noted that researchers only recently learned, for instance, that cats, from lions to house cats, can be infected with H5N1 avian flu.
其他种类的动物很可能扮演了所谓“携带者”的角色，这就意味着这种动物会感染上病原体，但并不会因此患病。Cox博士注意到研究人员最近才发现这一点，例如从狮子到家猫这样的猫科动物都会感染H5N1禽流感病毒。
"We do know that our veterinary colleagues at USDA (the U.S. Department of Agriculture) and elsewhere in the world are now looking to see if samples in freezers from pigs or other animals that might provide the missing link," Cox said.
“我们了解到，美国农业以及世界其他地方从事兽医研究的同行们正在观察冷柜里取自猪及其他动物的样本，看看这些样本上是否能提供尚未发现的线索”，Cox博士说道。
"If we can determine the origin we can also take measures to ensure that the virus doesn't reemerge in a slightly different form," she said.
“如果我们能确定造成传染的根源，那我们就能采取措施，防止病毒以其他略微不同的形式重新造成疫情，”她说道。
The researchers said they do not know how this particular virus acquired the ability to infect people. It does not have the usual mutations that allow animal viruses to jump into people and then to pass easily from one person to another.
研究人员表示他们目前还不清楚这种特殊的病毒是如何能够感染人类的。这种病毒可以让动物感染的病毒直接去感染人类然后很轻易的在人类之间传播的那种基因突变。
Flu experts get worried when viruses go straight from animals to people. Usually they do not pass any further than one person -- for example the feared H5N1 avian influenza virus that has infected 429 people and killed 262 of them rarely passes from person to person.
当病毒在动物和人之间开始直接传染，流感研究专家们就会感到十分担忧。通常情况下病毒感染人类传播范围最多不会超多一个人--例如让人类担忧不已的H5N1型禽流感病毒已感染了429人并造成其中262人死亡，但这种病毒几乎不会在人与人之间传播。
But all three recent pandemics -- in 1918, 1957 and 1968 -- occurred when a new avian flu virus started infecting people.
但最近的三次流感大爆发疫情--1918年，1957年和1968年--都是在新型禽流感病毒开始感染人类后爆发的。
So far sampling of the new H1N1 virus shows very little genetic mutation -- a sample from a patient in Mexico is virtually identical to samples from various U.S. states and other countries.
目前在新型H1N1病毒上几乎没有发现基因突变---来自墨西哥患者的样本和美国各个州及其他国家的样本基本上是一样的。
This "indicates that this virus may have been introduced into humans in sort of a single event," Cox said. Or if more than one person was infected directly from an animal or other source, they were infected with genetically identical viruses.
“这就表明该病毒是通过一个单一的方式（途径）感染人类的”，Cox博士说道。如果有多人由动物或其他感染源直接感染该病毒，那么他们感染的也应该是相同的病毒。
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