【2009.09.25 路透社】分析师：匹兹堡G20峰会取代G7峰会
【原文标题】ANALYST VIEW: G20 ends reign of G7 in Pittsburgh【中文标题】分析师：匹兹堡G20峰会取代G7峰会
【原文链接】http://www.reuters.com/article/b ... 04Z20090926?sp=true9
【译者】静水伊涟
【声明】AC原创翻译作品，转载请注明出处
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-198464-1-1.html
PITTSBURGH (Reuters) - Group of 20 leaders on Friday designated themselves as the new forum for steering the world economy, ending the long reign of the G7 as the preeminent committee for guiding global growth
路透社匹兹堡报道：二十国集团周五正式宣布，G20将永久取代G7，成为商讨世界经济谋求全球发展的主要平台。
"We designate the G-20 to be the premier forum for our international economic cooperation," the leaders said in a communiqué after a two-day summit. "We established the Financial Stability Board to include major emerging economies and welcome its efforts to coordinate and monitor progress in strengthening financial regulation."
“我们将G20确定为商讨国际经济合作的第一论坛”为期两天的峰会结束后，领导人们在峰会公报上说。“我们建立金融稳定委员会来迎接主要新兴经济体，并对其在加强金融监管协调和监督的进展上所做的努力表示欢迎。”
The G20 leaders said their representatives would report back to them at the next meeting "on how to maximize the effectiveness of our cooperation", and agreed to have a G20 summit in Canada in June 2010 and in Korea in November.
G20领导人说，他们派出的代表将会在下次峰会时发回关于“如何使我们合作效率最大化”的报告，并一致同意将在2010年6月和11月分别在加拿大和韩国再次举行峰会。
Meetings thereafter will probably be held annually, and France will be the host in 2011.
在那之后的峰会也许会每年举办一次，法国将主办2011年峰会。
The following is a selection of analyst reactions:
以下是部分分析师的反应
COLIN BRADFORD, SENIOR FELLOW, BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
科林·布拉德福，布鲁金斯学会高级研究员
"This is a symbolic act of inclusion of immense importance to international politics. It establishes a new framework for international economic cooperation, multilateral decision making, and global coordination. As a result, it is a step toward greater effectiveness in global leadership by filling the void created by the pretense of the G-7/8 being a global forum when it was really only a forum of Western nations."
“这是一个考虑了国际政治巨大重要性的标志性举措。它构建了国际经济合作，制定多边决议，和全球协调的新框架。其结果是（G20）填补了事实上已仅仅是西方的G7/8峰会的空白，而向更加有效的全球领导迈进了一步。”
"There is tremendous significance to the history being made today that this decision does not enlarge the G-7 but replaces it. No one calls the G20, the G8 plus 12! The G-20 Summit rests on a history of 10 years of interactions by finance ministers, central bank governors and deputies that has occurred since the Asia financial crisis in 1998."
“今天对于历史而言，具有非凡的意义。因为这一决定不仅仅是扩大了G7峰会，而是永久地取代了它。没有人会说，G20只不过是G8再加12！G20峰会是1998年亚洲金融危机以来，在金融官员、中央银行首脑和议员们在10年的合作谋划出的产物。”
FRED BERGSTEN, DIRECTOR, PETERSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS:
弗雷德·伯格斯滕，彼得森国际经济研究所主任：
"It was inevitable. The emerging markets now account for over half the world economy ... The G7/G8 was increasingly an anachronism and not politically credible ... The crisis has accelerated that process by several years by forcing all the countries that matter to deal with the crisis.
“这是不可避免的。新兴市场如今已经在世界经济中占有超过半数的席位……G7/G8越来越与时代相悖，并不再具有政治上的可信度……这场危机使这一进程加速了好几年，迫使各国来处理危机问题。”
SIMON JOHNSON, FORMER IMF CHIEF ECONOMIST:
西蒙·约翰逊，IMF前首席经济学家：
"I think the G7 is something of a zombie -- very hard to kill ... You will still find the G7 is up there. They have a lot of inter-connections ... but obviously at the summit level, they are gone.
“我认为G7和僵尸是一类货色—杀不死……你将仍然会看到G7高高在上。它们之间有很多契合点……但显然，在峰会这一层面上，这些契合点消失了。”
"No one elected the G20. They have to prove their value and legitimacy. There are a lot of cooks in the kitchen ... I would wait until we declare victory. This summit was very disappointing on all issues of substance, like financial regulation."
“没有人会为G20投票。他们必须证实自身的价值和合法性。要做的还有很多……在我们宣布胜利之前，我将持保留态度。这次峰会在所有的议题上的表现都非常让人失望，比如说金融监管。”
ROGER ALIAGA-DIAZ, SENIOR ECONOMIST, VANGUARD, VALLEY FORGE, PA:
陆阿利阿-迪亚兹，VANGUARD高级经济师（总部位于美国宾夕法尼亚州Valley Forge 的Vanguard是世界最大的投资管理公司—译注）：
"There is a willingness to reach a common ground on what caused the global recession. They pointed to the global imbalances with China exporting too much to the U.S. and U.S. saving too little and spending too much."
“我们都愿意在关于是什么导致了全球经济衰退的问题上达成一致。他们将全球经济失衡归咎于中国对美国出口太多而美国积蓄太少花钱太猛。”
"The imbalance needs to be addressed by the adjustment of the currencies. The yuan needs to float against the dollar."
“这一失衡状况需要货币调节来改善。人民币应对美元汇率浮动。”
"Clearly, the increase in savings rate in the United States will help address this. Another part of the solution is for the Europe to invest more."
“显然，美国储蓄率上升有助于改善这一状况。此外，欧洲需要加大投资。”
"There's nothing tangible that came out besides a discussion moving in that direction. There are no big changes in what the countries are doing."
“算上向这一方向努力的一项讨论，再没有任何明确的措施出台。各国正在做的也没有什么太大改观。”
"One thing is that the dollar has to find its long-term equilibrium. As long as the dollar doesn't loose its world reserve currency status, it would affect the demand for dollar-denominated assets."
“美元必须保持长期均衡。目前美元仍没有丧失它的世界储蓄货币地位，它仍将对按美元计价的资产需求产生影响。”
"What defines a reserve currency is the willingness for those who want to hold it and the institution that supports it. We don't rule out other currencies being increasingly used as reserve currencies."
“储备货币是由想要保有它的人和支持它的机构决定的。我们不排除有越来越多的其他货币会被作为储备货币使用。”
KATHY LIEN, DIRECTOR CURRENCY RESEARCH, GFT FOREX, NEW YORK
凯茜，纽约GFT外汇研究部主任（GFT公司是全球最大的黄金外汇交易商之一—译注）：
"I think this is actually extremely important. Not only does the increase of status of these emerging market nations represent more global coordination, but also it'll make it more difficult for the G20 to agree on foreign-exchange policies because now you have 20 nations on the table instead of eight. That means any criticism about foreign exchange policies or foreign-exchange fluctuations will become more difficult to achieve."
“我认为这真的非常非常重要。新兴市场国家地位的提升不仅仅代表着更多的全球协调，也让G20在制订外汇政策上会更加困难，因为现在有20个国家在博弈，而不是8个。这意味着任何有关外汇政策或外汇波动的批评将变得更加难以实现。”
CHRISTOPHER LOW, CHIEF ECONOMIST, FTN FINANCIAL, NEW YORK:
克里斯托夫，纽约的FTN金融服务公司的首席经济学家
"They are accomplishing all sorts of small things like pay guidelines on bank executives. On the really important things like increasing bank capital limits and limiting carbon emissions, we are just too far apart.
“他们现在完成的都是些银行管理人员的薪酬准则这类鸡毛蒜皮的事情。在诸如提高银行资本的限制、限制二氧化碳排放量等真正重要的问题上，我们还差的太远。”
"The irony is the division between the old G8 Group, the United States and Europe, not the new members. Now there are 20 groups in the room. Look at the track record, there has been no major agreements since the Plaza Accord in the mid-1990s.
“讽刺的是，这些成员国仍然分属老八国集团的美国和欧洲两方，而非新的成员国旗下。现在房子里有20个集团。让我们回头看看记录，自90年代中期《广场协议》以来再无任何重要协议达成。”
"Any indication of unity will move the dollar, but disagreement will rule and that should result in no market reaction."
“任何团结的迹象都将向美元流动，但分歧终将得到解决，而这应该不会导致任何市场反应”
【译注】《广场协议》：上世纪八十年代，美国经济发展缓慢，日本则突飞猛进。美国财政赤字与通货膨胀非常严重。为了控制通货膨胀，美国不得不采取高利率政策，这就导致美元汇率急剧上升，美国出口竞争力遭到极大的破坏，从而导致经济进一步恶化。1985年，日本成为美国第一大债权国，日元资本在全球疯狂扩张，叫嚣要买下美国。在这一背景下，1985年9月，美国财政部长詹姆斯•贝克、日本财长竹下登、前联邦德国财长杰哈特•斯托登伯（Gerhard Stoltenberg）、法国财长皮埃尔•贝格伯（Pierre Beregovoy）、英国财长尼格尔•劳森（Nigel Lawson）等五个发达工业国家财政部长及五国中央银行行长在纽约广场饭店（Plaza Hotel）举行会议，达成五国政府联合干预外汇市场，使美元对主要货币有秩序地下调，以解决美国巨额的贸易赤字。因协议在广场饭店签署，故该协议又被称为《广场协议》（Plaza Accord）。协议中规定日元与马克应大幅升值以挽回被过分高估的美元价格。《广场协议》签定后，各国联手干预外汇市场，大量抛售美元，美元汇率急剧下滑，美国出口开始复苏，从而带动经济增长。而日元则每年升值超过5%，使得投资日本成为“稳赚不赔”的买卖。巨额资本涌入日本，制造了大量经济泡沫，银行呆帐增加迅速。随着泡沫膨胀到一定程度后破裂，日本经济从高速增长掉头跌入长达15年的衰退。日本当初曾经花了不菲代价购买的美国资产，又低价卖出。实际上，美国利用《广场协议》的签定，将日本数十年的经济建设成果一把攫取干净。
翻译交流见沙发
effectiveness是指“有效性”，不是“效率”（efficiency），故该句意思为：“如何使我们的合作最有效” http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif 本帖最后由 rhapsody 于 2009-9-29 14:14 编辑
感谢楼主的翻译o3O118) 顺便提点意见：
The G20 leaders said their representatives would report back to them at the next meeting "on how to maximize the effectiveness of our cooperation", and agreed to have a G20 summit in Canada in June 2010 and in Korea in November.
G20领导人说，他们派出的代表将会在下次峰会时发回关于“如何使我们合作效率最大化”的报告，并一致同意将在2010年6月和11月分别在加拿大和韩国再次举行峰会。
静水伊涟 发表于 2009-9-29 12:50 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
effectiveness是指“有效性”，不是“效率”（efficiency），故该句意思为：“如何使我们的合作最有效”
This summit was very disappointing on all issues of substance, like financial regulation.
这次峰会在所有的议题上的表现都非常让人失望，比如说金融监管。
静水伊涟 发表于 2009-9-29 12:50 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
漏了一个词，这句意思是：这次峰会在所有实质性议题上的表现都非常让人失望，比如说金融监管。
The yuan needs to float against the dollar.
人民币应对美元汇率浮动
静水伊涟 发表于 2009-9-29 12:50 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
是不是说成这样会更顺口点：人民币对美元汇率应该（实行）浮动（算是本人吹毛求疵吧~）
One thing is that the dollar has to find its long-term equilibrium. As long as the dollar doesn't loose its world reserve currency status, it would affect the demand for dollar-denominated assets.
美元必须保持长期均衡。目前美元仍没有丧失它的世界储蓄货币地位，它仍将对按美元计价的资产需求产生影响。
静水伊涟 发表于 2009-9-29 12:50 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
这句意思是：美元必须找到其长期均衡（点）。只要美元作为世界储蓄货币的地位没有松动，它仍将对以美元计价的资产需求产生影响。
On the really important things like increasing bank capital limits and limiting carbon emissions, we are just too far apart.
在诸如提高银行资本的限制、限制二氧化碳排放量等真正重要的问题上，我们还差的太远。
静水伊涟 发表于 2009-9-29 12:50 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
这句的意思是：在诸如提高银行资本的限制、限制二氧化碳排放量等真正重要的问题上，我们还存在着很大的分歧。
"Any indication of unity will move the dollar, but disagreement will rule and that should result in no market reaction."
“任何团结的迹象都将向美元流动，但分歧终将得到解决，而这应该不会导致任何市场反应”
静水伊涟 发表于 2009-9-29 12:50 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
这句意思是：任何团结的迹象都会动摇美元，但分歧会占据主导地位，而这应该不会导致任何市场反应
P.S. 标题似乎也有点问题，感觉应是“二十国集团取代七国集团（或七大工业国）”这样的意思，而不单是一个峰会取代另一个
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