Iam_zhcn 发表于 2009-11-25 16:31

【09.11.24 每日电讯报】死海濒危:水位持续下降 面积缩减堪忧

Dead Sea clings on for dear life
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/6642474/Dead-Sea-clings-on-for-dear-life.html

By Ahmad Khatib, in Ghor Kaditha Published: 11:47AM GMT 24 Nov 2009


The shores of the Dead Sea are drying and it may soon shrink to a lifeless pond Photo: AFP

The Dead Sea may soon shrink to a pond as Middle Eastern political strife undermines measures to halt the decay of the world's lowest and saltiest body of water.

The water level is falling by a metre a year and nothing has yet been done to reverse the decline because of a lack of political cooperation in the region.

The shoreline has receded by more than a kilometre (around a mile) in some places and the world-famous lake, a tourism destination renowned for the beneficial effect of its minerals, may dry out completely by 2050.

"It might be confined into a small pond. It is likely to happen and this is extremely serious. Nobody is doing anything now to save it," said Dureid Mahasneh, a water expert and former local government head in the Jordan valley.

"Saving the Dead Sea is a regional issue, and if you take the heritage, environmental and historical importance, or even the geographical importance, it is an international issue."

Landlocked between Jordan, Israel and the West Bank, the Dead Sea is rapidly vanishing because water that previously flowed into the lake is being diverted, as well as being extracted for service industries and agriculture.

Jordan decided in September to go it alone and build a $2 billion (£1.2 billion) pipeline from the Red Sea to start refilling the Dead Sea without help from Israel or the Palestinian Authority.

However, that project is controversial and Mahasneh emphasised that Jordan alone is not capable of solving the Dead Sea's problems.

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这个世界上最低点、盐含量比普通海水高9倍、可让游客浮在水面上看书的内陆湖泊,水位持续急降。死海垂危,约旦政府宣布,明年起开始第一阶段营救行动,从红海(Red Sea)抽盐水注入死海。

死海位于约旦、以色列和巴勒斯坦地区交界,湖水含盐量至少达30%,浮力特强,人躺在水面上不会下沉,每年吸引不少游客。

死海水位越来越低,过去20年水深大跌逾26米,湖泊面积缩减了1/3,原因是上游约旦河水源,被大量抽水作饮用、农耕和工业用途,令流入死海水量50年来大减90%。约旦估计,长此下去,死海50年会消失得无影无踪。

死海濒危,有专家提出红海──死海输水计划,从死海以南117公里的红海抽水到死海,当中大部份海水先输送到全球最大海水化淡厂化淡,再将含盐废水透过隧道输入死海。
  
这个计划,约旦、以色列和巴勒斯坦都同意,由世银委任的一间法国公司,用两年时间进行生态和经济评估,但约旦已急不及待宣布单方面行动。
  
约旦表示,在捐助国家及私人投资者提供的资金下,明年将单方面展开首阶段工程,称为约旦国家红海水务发展计划,成本约20亿美元(28亿新元),每年从红海抽取超过2.8亿立方米水。

不过,环保主义者对于约旦政府的做法表示担忧。他们认为,目前对重新注水后死海独特生态环境是否会受到威胁的评估不足,而两种不同的盐水混合在一起可能带来严重的生态后果,比如水藻大量繁殖等。

由于死海位于沙漠之中,降雨极少又不规则,且在气温高达50℃以上的夏季,死海湖水的蒸发量是世界最大的。在漫长的岁月中,死海不断蒸发浓缩,湖水越来越少,盐度越来越高。

不过,真正引起死海濒临消失的,是人的因素。美国《自然科学》杂志的研究报告指出,死海水位下降不是气候变化所致,一定程度上是由人们对水的需求越来越大造成的。

死海最主要的补给水源来自约旦河,但70%的约旦河水由于地区性缺水而改道流向以色列和约旦,以满足人们的用水需求,致使流入死海的河流水量剧减,死海面积减小,水位急剧下降。

同时,死海缓慢死亡的原因还归咎于沿岸国对死海东西岸钾、锰、氯化钠等自然资源的过量开采。数据显示,20世纪60年代死海水面在海平面392米以下,2002年已经在海平面412米以下了。

目前死海水面正以每年近1米的速度迅速下降。更令人担忧的是,死海濒临消失的现象并非个案。

人类和科技到底能在多大程度上遏制这些现象的发生,还有待时间的考验,而迫在眉睫的是,如果环保这个严峻的话题依旧不能引起国际社会的足够重视,越来越多美丽、罕见的自然景观在不久的将来,将不复存在。

yiyuanyan 发表于 2011-10-2 23:07

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