【10.3.4 纽约时报】奥巴马对拥抱人权迟疑补不决
【原文标题】Obama's Hesitant Embrace of Human Rights【中文标题】奥巴马对拥抱人权迟疑补不决
【来源网址】http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/04/opinion/04iht-edroth.html
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-227321-1-1.html
【译者】Zhongdong_Wang
【翻译方式】人工翻译
【特别声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载
【译文】
As one would expect from so eloquent a leader, President Obama has brought about a marked improvement in presidential rhetoric on human rights in comparison with his predecessor. In a series of speeches around the world, carefully tailored for each audience, the president has set forth a compelling vision, emphasizing that respect for human rights is not only right but also broadly beneficial for the United States and the world. The challenge facing his administration is translating that rhetoric into policy and practice.
正像人们会寄希望于这样一位具有雄辩口才的领导人那样，与其前任相比奥巴马总统带来了在人权问题论述上总统演说那种华丽辞藻的标志性进展。在围绕这个世界展开为听众精心裁剪制作的一系列演说中，这位总统陈列了一个蛊惑人心的幻象，那就是强调尊重人权对美利坚合众国和全世界来说不仅是正义的也是广泛有益的。面对他的行政机构的挑战是怎样将这样的华丽辞藻转化成政策和实际行动。
In Cairo, for example, President Obama stressed the importance of democracy. Unlike President George W. Bush, who stopped promoting democracy in the Middle East when Hamas won elections in the Palestinian territories and the Muslim Brotherhood fared better than expected in Egyptian parliamentary elections, Mr. Obama suggested that he would accept the results of fair elections no matter who won. But disappointingly, he has done little to push U.S.-allied autocrats in the region, such as President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt and the Saudi royal family, in a more democratic direction.
比如在开罗，奥巴马总统强调了民主的重要性。不同于乔治布什总统，当哈马斯在巴勒斯坦恐怖地区赢得选举和穆斯林兄弟会在埃及议会选举中形势比预期要好的时候布什停止在中东推进民主，奥巴马先生表示他愿意接受公平的选举结果无论谁获胜。但是令人失望的是，他在该地区推动作为美国盟友的像埃及总统穆巴拉克沙特皇室家族这样的独裁者向更民主方向迈进的事业上却几乎无所事事。
In Africa, President Bill Clinton once lionized such “new African leaders” as President Paul Kagame of Rwanda and Prime Minister Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia, each of whom has since turned in a disturbingly authoritarian direction. Mr. Obama implicitly repudiated that approach during a speech in Accra, when he said that Africa does not need “strong men” but “strong institutions,” such as honest police forces, powerful parliaments and independent journalists. Yet that insight has not yielded sustained pressure on either Mr. Kagame or Mr. Zenawi to reverse course.
在非洲，比尔克林顿总统一度奉为“新型非洲领导人”的卢旺达保罗卡佳美总统和埃塞俄比亚梅勒斯泽纳维总理这样一些人，每一个后来都转到了令人担忧的独裁方向。奥巴马总统在阿克拉一次演说中含蓄地批评了那种政治趋势，他当时说非洲不需要“强大的人”而是需要“强大的机制，”像诚实可靠的警察机构、强有力的议会和独立的新闻记者。然而此种洞察力并没有既在卡佳美先生也没有在泽纳维先生的倒行逆施上产生持久的压制作用。
The Russian government has sought to impede critical human rights reporting by imposing burdensome regulatory requirements. Mr. Obama responded by meeting with civil society leaders and stressing in a Moscow speech that U.S. civil society, by questioning his policies, made him govern better. Yet he has not put serious pressure on Russia to bring to justice those people behind the murder epidemic of activists and journalists — arguably the most serious threat to Russian civil society today.
俄罗斯政府力图通过推行纷繁复杂的管理机构调整来阻碍已处于危机关头的人权报告。奥巴马先生回应以会见民间团体领导人并在一次莫斯科演讲中强调美国民间团体通过质疑他的政策促使他更好执政。然而他并没有认真地对莫斯科施加压力将无疑是当今俄罗斯民间团体最大威胁的对激进分子和新闻记者实行谋杀的幕后那些人绳之以法。
President Obama touched on the right points about the importance of respecting human rights when visiting China, but he undermined his message by failing to meet beforehand with the Dalai Lama and by flubbing his response to a question about the Chinese Internet firewall, by suggesting that censorship might represent a different “tradition” rather than an obvious violation of freedom of expression.
奥巴马总统访问中国时谈到了尊重人权重要性方面的正确观点，却因未能事先会见达赖喇嘛和对中国互联网防火墙问题的一团糟糕的应对还有表示审查制度会再现一种不同的“传统”而不是对言论自由的明显侵害而破坏了他自己的差使。
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton did not help matters when she said earlier that human rights “can’t interfere” with other U.S. interests in China. Predictably, Mr. Obama got little if anything in human rights terms from his visit to China. Indeed, a short time later, China imposed one of the lengthiest prison terms in a long time on a leading human rights activist.
国务卿希拉里克林顿早些时候预见性地表示在和美国其他利益相关的时候人权“不能介入”中国也无济于事，奥巴马先生从他的访问中国之行中收获甚微，如果人权条款能带来什么不同的话。实情是，不久以后，中国对一位主要的人权激进分子强行施加了长期以来的最长刑期。
Even on counterterrorism — the area where Mr. Obama’s policies appeared at first to be farthest from Mr. Bush’s — the results are less than had been hoped. Mr. Obama ordered the C.I.A. to abide by the military’s stricter rules for interrogation and shut the secret detention facilities where terrorism suspects “disappeared” and were tortured, but he has refused to investigate — let alone prosecute — the senior officials who ordered torture or the government lawyers who provided thin legal justifications for it. It is not enough for a president to observe the law if he does not also defend the law by prosecuting those responsible for blatant breaches.
甚至在反恐怖主义上——奥巴马的政策最初看起来从布什以来到达最远的这个领域——结果也不如希望的那么乐观。奥巴马先生命令中央情报局（CIA）遵守军队更严格的审讯规则和关闭恐怖嫌疑分子“失踪”和被拷打的秘密监禁设施，但是他却拒绝了调查——更不必说按照法律程序——命令拷打的高级官员和为拷打事件提供并不怎么合法辩护的政府律师。对一个总统来说如果不起诉那些对公然破坏规则负有责任的人去捍卫法律只是遵从法律这是不够的。
Similarly, Mr. Obama said he would close the Guantánamo Bay prison, but it seems he may have meant only the physical facility, not the policies that it represents; he proposes to continue trying some suspects in military commissions that are slightly improved from those that Mr. Bush supported, but still substandard. In addition, the Obama administration has now indicated that some 47 suspects will continue to be subject to long-term detention without trial. Suspects held unjustly in Guantánamo or tried in military commissions are worth far more to terrorist recruiters than suspects who are released. It would be better to try them in regular federal courts, which have proved fully capable of handling these types of cases, than military commissions. Regular trials are most likely to produce results, the fairness of which no one could contest.
类似地，奥巴马先生说他要关闭关塔那摩监狱，但是看起来他只是指的物理设施，而不是该监狱代表的政策；他提议在布什先生支持过但还是不合标准的那些东西基础上些微有改进的特别军事法庭继续审问一些嫌疑分子。另外，奥巴马行政机构现在表明约有47名嫌疑人将继续不经审问地置于长期监禁之下。在关塔那摩或者在特别军事法庭非法关押和审问的嫌疑分子对恐怖分子招募人来说比被释放的嫌疑分子有更大的价值。在正规的联邦法院审问他们会比在特别军事法庭更好一些，事实已经证明这些正规法庭完全有能力处理这种类型的案件。正规的审问更能够产生结果，它的公正是没有人可以提出质疑的。
President Obama recognizes the importance of redeeming America’s reputation on human rights after the dark Bush years. But it will take more than impressive rhetoric to succeed. Words must be followed by deeds.
奥巴马总统认识到在黑暗的布什年代以后挽回美国在人权上的声誉是至关重要的。但是这需要比感人的华丽辞藻多得多的东西才能成功。言语必须要有行动跟随。
Kenneth Roth is executive director of Human Rights Watch. A longer version appears in the March/April edition of Foreign Affairs.
肯尼斯罗斯是人权监察站的执行理事。本文为出现在“外交事务”五月/四月刊的加长版。 本帖最后由 like2188 于 2010-3-6 01:28 编辑
美国人作为地球村的村长真是“忧村忧民”啊！ 奥巴马先生表示他愿意接受公平的选举结果无论谁获胜。但是令人失望的是，他在该地区推动作为美国盟友的像埃及总统穆巴拉克沙特皇室家族这样的独裁者向更民主方向迈进的事业上却几乎无所事事。
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支持美国敦促埃及和沙特实施民主政治，看看沙特和埃及怎么给美国脸色看！ 民主固然是好东西,但是"过分"推进西方民主那就是伪善. 民主和人权只是美国维护其霸权利益的遮羞布 等咱有了第一的称号，民主要有就有两，一个自己用，一个给敌人。
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