【2010.07.14 BBC】台湾寻求拯救原住民语言
本帖最后由 dyunqing 于 2010-7-15 12:47 编辑【中文标题】台湾寻求拯救原住民语言
【原文标题】Taiwan seeks to save indigenous languages
【登载媒体】BBC
【来源地址】http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10602697
【译者】 dyunqing
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】 本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-254678-1-1.html
【译文】
By Cindy Sui
记者：辛蒂·苏
BBC News, Saisiyat tribal area
BBC新闻，赛夏族地区
The group plays Saisiyat tribal instruments strapped to their backs
这组人正在演奏系在背上的赛夏族乐器
Taipei secondary school student Lai Wei-li swayed awkwardly while trying to make music with a Saisiyat tribal instrument of dangling bamboo tubes strapped to her back.
台北中学生 Lai Wei-li 笨拙的摇摆着身体，使系在背上的赛夏族的悬挂竹管乐器发出乐声。
"It's really cool and interesting. It's harder than it looks. I have to control my footsteps, sway my body back and forth, and co-ordinate with others," said Lai, while playing the "tapangsan".
“很酷，很有趣。这比看起来难，我得控制我的脚步，前后摇摆身体，还得与其他人协调一致。” Lai 在演奏 tapangsan 时说道。
Half Han-Chinese and half indigenous, it is not often that Lai gets to experience indigenous culture.
虽然有一半汉族一半原住民血统，但 Lai 并不常体验原住民的文化。
She can't speak the language of her tribe - the Paiwan. Her mother never learned it, and her maternal grandparents who can, live in a rural area and she only sees them twice a year.
她不能说他本民族——排湾族的语言，她母亲也没有学过。不过她住在乡下的姥姥、姥爷会说，他们，Lai 一年只能见两次。
This is the state of indigenous languages in Taiwan.
这就是台湾原住民族语言的现状。
The island is considered by many anthropologists to be the source of Austronesian languages; all but one of the four primary branches are found here.
很多人类学家认为台湾是南岛语系的源头，四个主要的语族，除了一个，其它都能在这里找到。
It is believed that Austronesians migrated from mainland Asia and Taiwan to South East Asia, the Pacific islands, East Timor and Madagascar thousands of years ago.
据信，几千年前，南岛语系的人从亚洲大陆、台湾迁徙到东南亚、太平洋上各岛、东帝汶、以及非洲的马达加斯加。
But of the world's estimated 300 million Austronesians - including New Zealand's Maoris and Hawaii's Polynesians - few can speak their language, and many languagesnow face extinction.
据估计，包括新西兰的毛利人和夏威夷的波里尼西亚人在内，世界上大概有3亿属于南岛语系的人，但他们中很少有人能讲自己的语言，许多语言今天濒临消失。
Culture eroded
文化侵蚀
In Taiwan, only about 35% of the 500,000 Austronesian indigenous people can speak their tribal language, said Chang Shin-liang, head of the language and culture department of the government's Council of Indigenous Peoples.
在台湾的50万属南岛语系的原住民中，仅有35%的人能讲本民族的语言。Chang Shin-liang，政府原住民族委员会语言文化处处长这样说。
"We're facing a dangerous situation for indigenous languages. Seven out of 14 indigenous languages here are listed by Unesco as critically endangered," said Mr Chang.
“原住民语言面临一个危险的境地。14种原住民语言中的7种，被联合国教科文组织列为马上就要濒临灭绝的语言。” Chang 说。
"Many people in their 40s and 50s can't speak their mother-tongue, so they can't teach it to the younger generation. The younger people also think 'I'm fine if I can speak Mandarin and English; learning indigenous languages doesn't help me increase my competitiveness'."
“许多四五十岁的人不能讲他们的母语，所以他们不能教下一代。而年轻人也认为，我能讲国语和英语就行了，学习原住民语言不能增加我的竞争力。”
The decline of the languages of the island's more than 14 tribes did not happen by accident.
台湾岛上超过14种的民族语言的衰退不是偶然的。
The first large wave of Han Chinese to Taiwan, which started in the 17th Century, consisted of mostly men. They inter-married with indigenous people, with the Chinese culture becoming dominant.
汉族移民台湾的第一次大高潮，开始于17世纪，移民主要由男性构成。他们与原住民通婚，同时中华文化开始占据统治地位。
Previous governments' oppressive policies also had destructive effects.
以前政府的压制政策也起到了破坏的作用。
Under Japanese occupation (1895-1945), Taiwanese people were forced to learn and speak Japanese.
在日据时期(1895-1945)，台湾人被强制学习和使用日语。
The Kuomintang party, which took power in 1945, was responsible for years of harsh suppression of native Taiwanese languages and dialects.
国民党在1945年取得政权后，采取了严厉的压制台湾本土语言和方言的政策。
The Kuomintang was trying to promote Mandarin as the national language to consolidate its power, in the face of resistance over its sudden takeover of the island after it lost a civil war to China's Communist party.
在国内战争被中国共产党打败后，面对突然接管台湾岛带来的抵制，国民党试图推动国语（普通话）作为国家语言以巩固它的政权。
"The Japanese and Kuomintang governments' combined 100-year policy of forbidding us from speaking our languages did a lot of damage. It affected three generations," said Mr Chang.
“禁止我们讲自己语言的政策，日本人和国民党政府合起来有100年，这起到了很大的破坏作用，影响了3代人。”Chang 说道。
Harsh punishment
严厉的惩罚
Like others of his generation, Lin Yu-cheng, 57, whose Atayal tribal name is Bon, was severely punished under Kuomintang rule when teachers caught him speaking his native language in school.
象他们那代人中的其他人一样，Lin Yu-cheng，57岁，泰雅族名字 Bon ，在国民党统治时期，当他在学校里讲本民族语言被老师抓住后，曾经受到严厉的惩罚。
"They would beat us with bamboo sticks - sometimes until the stick broke - and with their bare hands, which left marks," said Lin, who had picked up words of the Atayal language from classmates as his parents had raised him speaking Japanese.
“他们用竹棍打我——有时候把竹棍都打断了，就直接用手。这在我身上留下了伤痕。” Lin 说。他当时从她的同学那里学到了泰雅族词汇，同时他的父母教他讲日语。
Teachers also made students wear wooden boards around their necks with the words "I won't speak local dialect" until the next student got in trouble; or a black button as a mark of bad behaviour until graduation day.
老师给学生的脖子上挂上木板，木板上写着“我再也不讲本地方言了”，直到下一个学生遇到麻烦。或者用黑钮扣作为不好行为的标记，直到学生毕业。
"This made us feel so ashamed of our language, our culture, which is something we actually should be proud of," said Lin, now director of the Saisiyat tribal community, which includes the Atayal tribe's people.
“这使我们觉得我们的语言、文化是一种耻辱，实际上，我们应该以此为骄傲。” Lin 说。现在他是赛夏族部落社区的领导，这个社区也包括泰雅族人。
More recently, migration from tribal villages to cities, where such languages are rarely heard or spoken, has caused a further decline. About 50% of Taiwan's indigenous people live in cities.
最近，很多人从村庄部落搬到城市。在城市，原住民语言很少被听到和用到。这进一步引起了原住民语言的衰退。现在，大约有50%的原住民住在城市。
The government has begun to make efforts to save Taiwan's indigenous languages, not only because indigenous culture is a key attraction for tourists, but there is growing recognition that it is an integral part of the island's identity.
政府已经开始努力拯救原住民语言，这不仅是因为原住民文化对游客有很大的吸引，也是基于一个正在增长的认知——这是台湾身份不可或缺的一部分。
Tribal languages are now taught in schools if there are enough students of the same tribe.
如果同一民族的学生人数足够，学校会开设相应民族语言的课程。
If not, children can learn at special centres that run free weekend classes; some 10,000 have already benefited. The languages have no written form, but teachers are being trained to use the Roman alphabet to make learning easier.
如果人数不够，学生可以在特别中心的免费周末班学习，1万人已经从中受益。这些语言没有文字形式，但是经过培训的老师使用罗马字母，使学习更容易。
Future generations
未来的几代人
Summer camps, such as the one attended by Lai in this Saisiyat tribal area in central Taiwan, are also organised. Activities here are designed to make learning fun - by mixing in ancestral worshipping rituals, lessons about medicinal plants, storytelling and music.
在台湾中部的赛夏族部落地区，组织了很多类似 Lai 参加的这样的夏令营。这里设计了很多活动使学习更有趣——例如模仿祭祖仪式、学习草药、讲故事还有音乐。
But some believe the government's efforts are not enough. And it is unclear whether they can undo past harm.
但是一些人认为政府的努力还不够，能否清除以前的伤害还不清楚。
Some experts believe the best way to save the languages is to improve the economy in the villages where the languages are still spoken, to stem migration.
一些专家认为，拯救语言的最好方式，是改善那些仍在使用民族语言的地区的经济，以阻止迁徙。
Slowly, however, there is growing interest among indigenous people and non-indigenous mainstream society in the culture. Several parents, including those who are Han Chinese, have come along to the camp, to learn alongside their children.
不过慢慢的，原住民和主流社会的非原住民渐渐对原住民文化产生了兴趣。一些父母，包括汉族父母，来到夏令营，跟他们的孩子一起学习。
Bon, who is hosting Lai and 200 other students at this camp, still gets teary-eyed when he remembers being punished in school.
Bon，作为 Lai 以及其他200个学生参加的夏令营的组织者，想起自己在学校被罚的经历，仍然会眼含泪水。
Despite being nearly 60, he says he also wants to take lessons.
尽管年近60，他说他也想去上课。
"I want to tell the kids there's still time to learn our languages. Our mother-tongue is our mother; it's something passed down to us from our ancestors. We cannot forget it," said Bon.
“我想告诉我们的孩子们，你们仍有时间去学习我们的语言。我们的母语就像我们的母亲，是祖先传下来的东西，我们不能忘记它。” Bon 说。
At the camp, the children communicate mostly in Mandarin, but they are having a great time learning about their culture.
在夏令营，孩子们交流主要用国语，但是他们在学习民族文化时玩得很愉快。
On arrival, Lai could only say thank you "mali mali" in her tribal dialect, but now she is singing indigenous songs.
刚来时，Lai 只能用她的民族语言讲谢谢——“mali mali”，但是现在，她能演唱原住民的歌曲。
"I hope to become fluent one day," she says. "Our culture needs to be passed to future generations."
“希望有一天我能够流利地说原住民语言。”她说，“我们的文化需要传递给未来的数代人。”
attachment.php?aid=MzczMzcxfDViMWYzZjAzfDEyNzkxNjQ2Njd8OGE3YXZUSU5JRzlYUllqOFB6RzlFQ0NQODRxVzMyOW5qdTlocmxLSGxLeEtCY0E%3D&noupdate=yes
Activities at the summer camp are designed to make learning fun
夏令营的活动设计使学习更有趣
attachment.php?aid=MzczMzc0fGRhMTI3MjQxfDEyNzkxNjQ2Njd8OGE3YXZUSU5JRzlYUllqOFB6RzlFQ0NQODRxVzMyOW5qdTlocmxLSGxLeEtCY0E%3D&noupdate=yes"I hope to become fluent one day - our culture needs to be passed to future generations”
“希望有一天我能够流利地说原住民语言。”她说，“我们的文化需要传递给未来的数代人。”
Lai Wei-li
Lai Wei-li
Summer camp student
夏令营学生
file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/fly/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-5.pngIndigenous languages are being kept alive through song and dance
原住民语言通过歌舞保持生命
Q33)福建人感觉压力很大，这方言多的不能再多了。
但如果人口基数在那的话保持下去应该还是没问题的。Q2)
不过这导致了一个很好玩的现象，两个不同地方的福建人走到一起就只能用普通话交流了。{:12_561:} 福建人感觉压力很大，这方言多的不能再多了。
但如果人口基数在那的话保持下去应该还是没问题的。
...
船人 发表于 2010-7-15 12:45 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
为了了解台湾人的悲情情节，我特地去看了海角七号，可惜毕竟无法感同身受，看了一半就干别的去了。
不过本文提到的，原住民在国民党时期因为讲自己的语言被打的故事，倒让我有了点了解。在原住民看来，国民党和日本人似乎没大的不同，一个逼着讲日语，一个逼着讲国语，他们对这种统治都缺乏认同。台湾一会儿被荷兰人统治，一会儿被清廷统治，一会儿又割给了日本，一会儿国民党又来了。这种亚细亚孤儿的感觉，可能是他们悲情情节的来源。 一般汉族应该翻译成 Han nationality 吧，文中用的 Han Chinese，这种翻译常用吗？很有他国感。
xx民族 一般翻译成哪个词？ 一般汉族应该翻译成 Han nationality 吧，文中用的 Han Chinese，这种翻译常用吗？很有他国感。
xx民族 一 ...
dyunqing 发表于 2010-7-15 13:27 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif外媒在表述“中国汉族”时，都用“Han Chinese" 福建人感觉压力很大，这方言多的不能再多了。
但如果人口基数在那的话保持下去应该还是没问题的。
...
船人 发表于 2010-7-15 12:45 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif由衷希望福建的方言能够完好地继续保持下去Q53) 外媒在表述“中国汉族”时，都用“Han Chinese"
千年明月 发表于 2010-7-15 13:37 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
那我要说“我是汉族人”，应该怎么表达呢？Han nationality 用在什么时候？ 本帖最后由 千年明月 于 2010-7-15 14:11 编辑
那我要说“我是汉族人”，应该怎么表达呢？Han nationality 用在什么时候？ ...
dyunqing 发表于 2010-7-15 13:52 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif应该是看语言表达环境，如果你跟外国人介绍自己，你可以说，我是"Han majority"，或者“Han”，或“Han Chinese"都可以。"Han Nationality"是书面语，表达的是“整个汉民族” 应该是看语言表达环境，如果你跟外国人介绍自己，你可以说，我是"Han majority"，或者“Han”，或“Han Chi ...
千年明月 发表于 2010-7-15 13:57 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
谢谢。那跟本国人呢？
包括问本国人“你什么民族”用哪个词，What's your ethnic group? 谢谢。那跟本国人呢？
包括问本国人“你什么民族”用哪个词，What's your ethnic group? ...
dyunqing 发表于 2010-7-15 14:12 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif那用“Han"或"Hui”等等就可以了 话说 历史的大趋势中 弱势语言为强势语言让路 或者说是被强势语言吸收那是必然的。。。 哒哒哒：现在云南省有好几十个民族，混血（民族间）也有好多人，大多数人不可能去掌握这些。
学好汉语，就可以和所有民族进行交流。
---
语言本来就是一种交流工具，其次才是一种文化，如果失去了应用的必要，这种文化的地位也会降级。
就像汉语不等于中国话，但是汉语使用的人太多，所形成的汉语文化太强势，也就代表中国话了。 回复 12# 連長
对连长这种拿自己并不微薄的积分来鼓励他人的做法深表敬意，不过给得是不是少了点{:12_532:} 本帖最后由 千年明月 于 2010-7-15 20:27 编辑
有点难了，现在普通话太强势了，有很多人会听不会说，有的甚至听都不会听，本人的本地方言现在很多也表达 ...
pps35622 发表于 2010-7-15 17:32 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif对这种全国性的普遍现象，我也特别的痛心和焦急。在我的家乡，15岁以下的孩子已经不说或者不会说家乡话了Q66) ，这个现象让我很难过，不能想象50年后家乡话全部消失的样子，取而代之的是家乡口音的普通话。我个人对此无能为力，只能在此呼吁：请家长们一定要教自己的孩子说家乡话。普通话可以在学校里学，因为语文是用普通话教的，而且现在学校教育全部都是普通话，孩子在上学的年龄学普通话完全没问题。现在方言消失的一个直接原因就是：家长不教自己的孩子说方言，而是从出生就教普通话。我本人从小就说方言，现在仍然可以说一口纯正的方言，而普通话是在学校学的，发音也很标准。 说实话，对这个问题真不知道有什么办法
不学先进的不行，学了又会丢掉自己 皇帝不急太监急的问题。 英国人还是老老实实地把北爱尔兰问题解决好了再关心其他国家吧！ 统一亚太海洋王国有了理论基础啦 语言本来就是一种交流工具，其次才是一种文化，如果失去了应用的必要，这种文化的地位也会降级。
就像汉语不等于中国话，但是汉语使用的人太多，所形成的汉语文化太强势，也就代表中国话了。
連長 发表于 2010-7-15 15:14 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
Q20)Q20)Q20) 谢谢楼主，辛苦了！
好有爱的帖子，版主与连长的回复以及和楼主的互动让帖子鲜活起来~
就我自己，很多时候说方言，有些词不知道方言说法，都是用普通话的词和发音来替代的，全球化的趋势；但另一方面，现代化的发展，也让了解和掌握其他语言变得容易，保存地方特色其实也更有效。
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