【10.12.28 路透社】中国削减稀土出口配额 美国对此忧心忡忡
【中文标题】中国削减稀土出口配额 美国对此忧心忡忡【原文标题】China cuts rare earth export quotas, U.S. concerned
【登载媒体】路透社
【来源地址】http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101228/bs_nm/us_china_rareearth_4
【译者】黑霸王
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【译文】
BEIJING (Reuters) – China said on Tuesday it will cut its export quotas for rare earth minerals by more than 11 percent in the first half of 2011, further shrinking supplies of metals needed to make a range of high-tech products.
北京（路透社）—— 中国在周二时宣布2011年首批稀土出口配额将较去年同期降低11%。这意味着进一步的对高科技产品所需金属的供应的缩减。
China produces about 97 percent of rare earth minerals, used worldwide in high-technology, clean energy and other products that exploit their special properties for magnetism, luminescence and strength.
中国稀土产量目前占全球总量的97%，稀土因其磁、光、力等特性被广泛用于高科技产品、清洁能源和其它产品当中。
The rare earth issue could further strain U.S.-China ties, which have been battered this year by arguments over human rights, Tibet, Taiwan, the value of the Chinese currency and North Korean military attacks on South Korea.
今年，中美关系受到了各种问题的影响，包括人权问题，西藏、台湾问题，人民币汇率问题，和朝韩问题等。而稀土问题将进一步激化中美关系。
Chinese President Hu Jintao is due to visit the United States next month for talks with President Barack Obama that both sides hope can stabilize the vital relationship.
中国主席胡锦涛下月将出访美国并将与奥巴马会谈，双方都希望都稳定双边重要关系。
Beijing says its curbs are for environmental reasons and to guarantee supplies to Chinese clean energy firms it is trying to promote internationally. But it has also said its dominance as a producer should give it more control over global prices.
中国限制稀土的出口是出于环境考虑，同时也是为了确保能够推进国内新能源公司国际化。但也有一种说法，称中国作为占支配地位的出产国应该加大对全球价格的控制。
China's Commerce Ministry allotted 14,446 tons of quotas to 31 companies, which was 11.4 percent less than the 16,304 tons it allocated to 22 companies in the first half of 2010 quotas a year ago.
中国商务部已将14446吨的2011年第一批稀土出口配额下达给了31家企业，这比一年前减少了11.4%，当时中国曾将16304吨的第一批稀土出口配额下达给了22家企业。
China slashed the export quota by 40 percent in 2010. The export restraints on rare earths has inflamed trade ties with the United States, European Union and Japan in particular.
在2010年，中国削减了一半的出口额。中国对稀土出口了限制尤其影响到了其与美国、欧盟、日本的贸易关系。
In Washington, the U.S. Trade Representative's office expressed concern over the latest announcement.
在华盛顿，美国贸易代表办公室对中国最新的公告十分担忧。
"We are very concerned about China's export restraints on rare earth materials. We have raised our concerns with China and we are continuing to work closely on the issue with stakeholders," a USTR spokeswoman said.
美国贸易代表办公室的一位女发言人说：“我们对中国限制稀土出口的行为十分担忧。我们已经向中国表达了这一担忧，我们将与利益相关者保持紧密的合作关系。”
Last week, the trade representative's office said China had refused U.S. requests to end export restraints on rare earths, and the United States could complain to the World Trade Organization, which judges international trade disputes.
上周，美国贸易代表办公室称中国拒绝了美国希望取消稀土出口限制的请求。美国将可能诉诸裁判国际贸易争端的世贸组织。
TURBINES AND HYBRIDS
涡轮机和混合物
Wind turbines and hybrid cars are among the biggest users of rare earth minerals, which analysts say are facing a global supply crunch as demand swells. The minerals are also used in some weapons systems.
稀土资源主要用于风力涡轮机和混合动力汽车，分析家称因为对稀土需求的膨胀，这两类产品现在面临着全球供应不足的局面。稀土也运用于一些武器系统中。
This little-known class of 17 related elements is also used for a vast array of electronic devices ranging from Apple's iPhone to flat-screen TVs, all of which are competing for the 120,000 tons of annual global supply.
这17类鲜为人知的元素也被大量用于电子设备中，比如苹果手机和平板电视等等，一同竞争全球12万吨的年产量。
While industrial users of rare earths in industrialized countries face tighter supplies and higher prices, China's export curbs have created opportunities to open mines or revive dormant production in Canada, Australia and the United States.
中国的出口限制使工业国家的稀土用户们面临着供应的缩减和价格的提高，但也创造了另一个机会，使加拿大、澳大利亚、美国有可能开矿或者重启稀土生产。
After China's announcement, shares of Molycorp Inc, the Colorado-based company that owns a rare earth mine in California, rose as much as 11.6 percent.
就在中国发布公告之后，位于科罗拉多州的Molycorp公司股价上涨了11.6%，这得益于其在加利福尼亚拥有的一座稀土矿。
But the headline-driven surge in a firm whose value has tripled since July proved only temporary, in part reflecting the fact that Molycorp's rare-earth mine in Mountain Pass, California, is due to come back online only late next year.
但这个头条新闻导致的涨价仅仅是暂时性的，该公司七月以来股价上涨了3倍，这部分反映了一个事实，那就是位于加州Mountain Pass的稀土矿将于明年下半年被重启。
Canada alone has at least 26 publicly traded companies, including Great Western Minerals Group and Rare Element Resources, that have rare earth projects in some stage of exploration.
仅是加拿大就有至少26家上市公司有稀土项目已处于勘测阶段，包括Great Western Minerals Group 和 Rare Element Resources。
Jack Lifton of Technology Metals Research, a Chicago-based consultancy, said Molycorp and Australia's Lynas Corporation Ltd can eventually offset shortfalls from Chinese cuts in supply and refining capacity -- but not before early 2013.
Jack Lifton是位于芝加哥的Technology Metals Research公司的顾问，他说Molycorp公司和澳大利亚的Lynas Corporation Ltd能最终抵消因为中国出口限制而带来的稀土短缺问题，但这至少得等到2013年以后。
"Until one of them can produce commercial quantities of high-purity rare earths on a regular basis, the market will belong to the Chinese entirely," he said.
他还说，“中国将占据整个稀土市场，知道这任意一家公司能稳定地生产大量高纯度的稀土。”
In a short statement on its website (www.mofcom.gov.cn), the Chinese Commerce Ministry said it had added more producer companies to the quota list but cut volumes allocated to trading companies.
中国商务部网站(www.mofcom.gov.cn)上有一篇简短的声明，声明称更多的生产公司被加到了配额名单上，但分配的总量减少了。
CLEAN UP, CONSOLIDATION IN CHINA
中国的治理和合并
Japan has been hard hit by the export curbs. Japanese imports of rare earths shrank further in November, reflecting the impact from China's de-facto ban on shipments of the minerals that was lifted late last month.
日本深受中国稀土出口限制的影响。日本的进口在11月持续下降，这反映了中国对其出口禁令的影响，但禁令已于上月取消了。
The European Union has also expressed concern over China's limiting of rare earth exports, though the bloc's trade commissioner said earlier this month China had reiterated that rare earth supplies would be sustained.
欧盟同样表达了对中国稀土出口限制的担忧。尽管其贸易专员在本月早些时候曾说，中方反复重申将持续稀土供应。
With more than 100 mines and some 40 refineries, "the Chinese seem to be quite serious about cleaning up the sector environmentally and consolidating it," said Lifton.
Lifton说，在中国有超过100个矿和40个精炼厂，“中国对这部门产品生产领域的治理和合并的态度看起来是认真的。”
Beijing has been trying hard to impose discipline on its chaotic rare earth sector and is expected to establish a rare earth industry association by next May, said Wang Caifeng, an official with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, speaking at a conference on Tuesday.
王彩凤是工业和信息化部的一名官员，她在周二的一场会议上表示，北京试图的对混乱的稀土领域进行管理，并有望在明年5月建立稀土工业协会。
Tougher environmental regulations for the rare earth sector are also expected to be unveiled next year, the China Business News reported on Tuesday.
中国商报在周二发表报道称，针对稀土部门的更加严格的环境法规也有望明年出台。 中国稀土产量目前占全球总量的97%，但是定价权却在别人手上，太可笑了！太无能了 美国又不是没有矿山 因为价格太低，加拿大稀土矿无法赢利而因此关闭了。
美国有稀土，可人家不开采。日本买来中国稀土然后填海。他们就是占便宜没够吃亏难受。
廉价买来稀土，制造成电子产品高价买给中国人，这也罢了。用中国稀土制造成高科技武器装备到中国门口来示威，这是绝对不能容忍的！ 和石油同价就对了。爱买不买。
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