【11.04.20 洛杉矶时报】中国用恐吓的方式让驾驶员安全行车
【中文标题】中国用恐吓的方式让驾驶员安全行车【原文标题】China tries to scare motorists into safer driving
【登载媒体】洛杉矶时报
【原文作者】David Pierson
【原文链接】http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-china-crash-20110421,0,1062423,full.story
在满是新手司机的国家中，中国当局为了减少鲁莽的路面驾驶行为，发布了一些可怕的机动车事故视频。但是这些视频似乎变成了恐怖娱乐节目，而不是教材。
4月15日，围观者聚集在一起事故周围，一个受伤的男人被北京医护人员抬走，旁边是他的电动自行车。
来自北京的报道——在机动车驾驶学校学习的第一天，郑昊和他的同学们坐在一间光线昏暗的房间里，观看交警部门制作的一部视频，视频的名字很普通：珍爱生命，遵守交规。
长达30分钟的恐怖视频让学生们惊恐不已，其中的镜头包括被碾碎的骑车人、行人向布娃娃一样被抛上半空、烧焦的人体组织和受害者家属歇斯底里的悲痛。
21岁的郑说：“班里的女学生都哭了，即使是男人也觉得非常难受。”
中国的一些道路的交通事故死亡率世界最高，为了用感官恐怖震慑到数百万新手驾驶员，中国当局发布了一些道路交通事故的视频。这些事故的场景如此可怕，以至于与其相比，美国高中里那些事故重现表演活动简直可以算作是G级影片（译者注：美国电影分级制，G：大众级，适合所有年龄段的人观看。）
安全驾驶专家、驾驶员手册的编写人樊立说：“警方在试图传达一个信息：‘如果你不安全驾驶，这就是你的下场。’中国人不像外国人一样，从小就接受安全教育，他们缺少道路安全意识。”
中国在2009年超过美国，成为世界第一大汽车消费国家。根据中国汽车生产协会提供的数据，去年轿车、卡车和大型汽车的总销量超过1800万台，每天约售出5万台汽车。香港的独立汽车分析人士Michael Dunne说，其中客车所占比例最大，大部分买家都是第一次购买汽车。
中国上路行驶的客车数量为8500万台，大约比美国少40％。然而，根据官方统计数据，2009年中国的道路交通事故死亡人数为67759人，超过了美国同期死亡人数的两倍。
Dunne说：“这些人都不是技术过硬的驾驶员。”
尽管缺乏驾驶经验是事故的成因之一，但是中国驾驶员必须要应对很多发达国家的驾驶员很少遇到的危险。很多行人似乎没有意识到中国已经发生了汽车革命——他们在人行道无目的的闲逛；横穿八车道高速公路；在车流中走走停停。摩托车和自行车驾驶员经常不看红绿灯，随意穿梭。
机动车驾驶员也是同样的鲁莽，如果在主路上错过出口，他们会掉头逆行或者倒车，甚至在高速公路上也是如此。很多人在右转弯时不停留避让，把其它的车和行人挤到路外。经常见到在逆行车道狂奔的汽车。
结果就是屡创纪录的事故。12月份，134辆车因大雾在四川省高速公路上4英里的路段发生连环车祸。几个星期之后，湖南省一辆三轮校车侧翻，14名儿童死亡。同一天，贵州省西南部100辆车发生连环事故，7人死亡。
文明行车不受尊重。你如果在斑马线处停车礼让行人，行人可能会在你面前永远走来走去，没有空隙。
专家说养成小心驾驶的行为习惯还需要多年的培养。尽管中国人在驾校中学习开车要花费数百美元，还要通过全面的考试。但是大部分人很快就放弃了良好的驾驶习惯，因为没有人执法交通法规。
美国国务院警告有计划前往中国驾车的旅行者：“中国各地的条例、法规和状况差异巨大，但总体来看交通安全状况糟糕，在中国驾驶车辆相当危险。中国的交通非常混乱，没有秩序，右侧行驶等基本礼貌不被尊重。”
在中国经常见到的一个车贴是“新手上路，请多关照”。开车鲁莽的司机被称为“马路杀手”。甚至全国驾驶员考试中的问题也透露出潜在的危险性。例如：
救助全身燃烧伤员的错误措施是：
A，用沙土覆盖
B，迅速扑灭衣服上的火焰
C，向身上喷冷水
D，脱掉烧着的衣服
（答案：A）
福特汽车公司在中国提供免费的基础驾驶培训课程，比如何时打开转向灯。公司发言人Whitney Foard Small说：“这些人是中国第一代汽车消费者，他们没有在汽车文化的环境中生活过，他们的父母没有教过他们如何礼貌驾驶，怎样才能保证安全。”
交警部门试图填补这样的空白。北京最近宣布了一项五年计划，打击最常见的驾驶恶习，比如闯红灯、遇到斑马线不停车、向窗外扔垃圾、无必要的鸣笛。
北京电视台每天都会播出一个节目《红绿灯》，节目里面有安全提示和恐怖事故的片段。今年的一期节目中，一台两门跑车闯红灯，与两名骑自行车的人相撞，还把一位行人撞出几英尺。
28岁的马全盛在北京郊区的一所驾驶学校中说：“这种节目绝对会让我更小心地驾驶。我不是贬低中国，但是很多中国人的确不会文明开车。”
尽管这些视频让一些驾驶员更加小心，但是最近发布的录像所引发的大范围回应似乎表示这正在变成一种恐怖的娱乐节目。有一个录像片段是由山东工业城市菏泽的警方制作的。
12分钟长的视频一开始，是雄壮的鼓声，然后出现的是一系列令人发指的事故，这些事故是市内108个摄像头捕捉到的。有摩托队与公交车的高速正面相撞；自行车被轿车撞飞；一台卡车在繁忙的路口撞上一台轿车，并把它压在下面。
当重金属配乐响起的时候，视频中已经有数十人或死或伤了。
至少在优酷网——类似于YouTube的视频网站——早期上传的一个视频，已经有590万浏览量。有47000人的反应是“顶”，类似于Facebook上“喜欢”的评价。
优酷网的一位发言人Jean Shao说：“交通事故的视频肯定会有上百万的点击量，我不知道什么原因，人们就是喜欢看。”
视频下的评论多达13000多条，大部分对鲁莽的驾驶行为表示愤慨。
一个网名Tai Fu Le的人写道：“中国太多人不遵守交通规则了，还有越来越多的新手司机，他们都是‘马路杀手’。”
原文：
To reduce reckless road behavior in a nation filling up with new drivers, Chinese authorities are releasing videos of gruesome motor vehicle accidents. But the footage seems to have become more macabre entertainment than teaching tool.
Bystanders gather to watch as an injured man who was lying on the road beside his electric bicycle is taken away by paramedics in Beijing on April 5. (Frederic J. Brown / AFP/Getty Images / April 20, 2011)
Reporting from Beijing— On the first day of instruction to get his driver's license, Zheng Hao and his classmates sat down in a dimmed room and watched a video produced by traffic police with the innocuous title "Care about life: Follow the traffic rules."
They were assaulted by 30 minutes of gruesome footage showing crushed cyclists, pedestrians flung into the air like rag dolls, charred human remains and victims' families grieving hysterically.
"The women in the class were sobbing afterward," said Zheng, 21. "Even the guys were disturbed."
To scare sense into millions of new drivers in a country with some of the deadliest roads in the world, Chinese authorities are releasing video of road accidents so grisly that it makes the crash reenactments shown in U.S. high schools feel G-rated.
"Police are trying to send a message that 'If you don't drive safely, this is what will happen to you,'" said Fan Li, an expert on driving behavior and editor of motorist manuals. "In China, people just aren't as aware of road safety as people overseas who are educated about it at a young age."
China in 2009 surpassed the U.S. to become the world's top buyer of new vehicles. More than 18 million new cars, trucks and buses — nearly 50,000 a day — were sold last year, according to the China Assn. of Automobile Manufacturers. Passenger cars accounted for the biggest chunk of those sales, and most were sold to first-time buyers, said Michael Dunne, an independent auto analyst based in Hong Kong.
China has about 85 million passenger cars plying its roads, about 40% fewer than in the United States. Yet 67,759 people died in road accidents in China in 2009, according to official statistics — more than twice the number in the U.S. the same year.
"They are not good drivers," Dunne said.
While inexperience is certainly a factor, Chinese motorists must negotiate more hazards than their counterparts in the industrialized world. Many pedestrians still behave as if the auto revolution in China never happened — wandering aimlessly into crosswalks, darting across eight-lane highways and loitering in traffic medians. Riders of motorcycles and bicycles often ignore traffic lights and weave in and out of traffic.
Vehicle drivers are just as reckless. Motorists who miss an exit often throw their cars into reverse and back up — even on the freeway. Many refuse to stop or yield when making a right turn, forcing cars and people out of the way. Drivers routinely barrel down the wrong side of the street.
The result: epic crashes. In December, 134 cars were involved in a 4-mile pileup on a foggy stretch of highway in Sichuan province. Weeks later, on the same day, 14 schoolchildren in central Hunan province died when their three-wheel vehicle swerved off a road, while seven people died in a 100-car pile-up in southwest Guizhou province.
Courteous driving is seldom rewarded. Stop at a zebra crossing for pedestrians and you could wait endlessly for the sea of people to part.
Experts say a culture of caution is still years away. Although the Chinese can spend hundreds of dollars on driving school and must pass an exhaustive exam, many soon abandon any good habits they've learned because traffic rules are rarely enforced.
"Rules, regulations and conditions vary wildly throughout China, but a general rule of thumb is that traffic safety is poor and driving in China can be dangerous," warns the U.S. State Department to travelers planning on motoring there. "Traffic is chaotic and poorly regulated, and right-of-way and other courtesies are usually ignored."
A common bumper sticker in China is "Newbie on the road, please excuse me." Someone who drives recklessly is called a ma lu sha shou, meaning "road killer." Even questions on the national driving exam underscore the potential peril. For example:
When trying to save a person who is on fire, the wrong response is:
A. Use sand to cover him.
B. Try to extinguish the fire on his clothing as quickly as possible.
C. Spray cold water on him.
D. Take off his burning clothes.
(Answer: A)
"These are first-generation car buyers," said Whitney Foard Small, a spokeswoman for Ford Motor Co., which runs free programs in China teaching drivers such basics as when to use a turn signal. "They don't come from a car culture. They don't have Mom and Dad teaching them how to drive courteously and how to be safe."
Traffic police have been trying to fill that void. Beijing recently announced a five-year plan to crack down on some of the most common bad driving habits, such as running red lights and failing to stop at zebra crossings. Also targeted: tossing garbage out of the window and needless honking.
Beijing television broadcasts a daily show called "Traffic Light" that mixes safety tips with footage of horrifying accidents. In an episode this year, a two-door compact ran a red light, collided with two cyclists and threw a pedestrian several feet into a sign post.
"It definitely makes me want to drive more carefully when I see those videos," said Ma Quansheng, 28, standing inside a driving school on the outskirts of Beijing. "Not to bad-mouth China, but many people don't drive in a civilized way."
Though the footage could scare some drivers into being more careful, the massive response to a recent video suggests the recordings are becoming macabre entertainment. The clip was produced by police in the industrial city of Heze in eastern Shandong province.
The 12-minute compilation starts with booming drums, then cycles quickly through a series of hair-raising accidents captured by 108 city cameras. There's the motorcyclist who speeds directly into the path of a city bus, a cyclist slammed by a sedan, and a truck that clips a car and slides on its side through a busy intersection.
By the time the death metal music starts up, dozens appear to have either died or suffered critical injuries.
At least one of the earliest uploaded versions of the video on Youku, a popular streaming video site much like YouTube, received 5.9 million views. The clip got 47,000 "thumbs up," the equivalent of clicking "Like" on Facebook.
"Accident videos are almost guaranteed to get millions of views," said Jean Shao, a Youku spokeswoman. "I don't know why. People just love them."
More than 13,000 comments were left for the video, most expressing outrage over the reckless behavior.
"Too many people don't follow the traffic rules in China," wrote someone using the online handle Tai Fu Le. "But there are too many new drivers as well. They become 'road killers.'" 我想看視頻 本帖最后由 連長 于 2011-4-25 16:59 编辑
救助全身燃烧伤员的错误措施是：
A，用沙土覆盖
B，迅速扑灭衣服上的火焰
C，向身上喷冷水
D，脱掉烧着的衣服
（答案：A）
爲什麽選擇A是錯誤的？事實上，這個傷員極有可能是因為洩露的汽油燃燒的，如果用冷水，會導致一個更糟的結果。
另外，B選項沒有實際意義。D選項很弱智（要想辦法脫掉衣服，因為衣服著火了）。
我知道一個方法就是，如果你穿著的恰好是皮衣，可以用皮衣覆蓋傷員，那麼火就會很容易熄滅。 回复 3# 連長
用沙土没法盖实，因为人会一直动，还不如用水这些东西好点。 可问题是在沥青路面去哪弄沙土？Q12) 高速公路休息站中全是这种“血”的教训，的确蛮吓人的 优酷只有 "顶" 和 “踩” 两个选项。它们的含义比“喜欢”与否要广得多，在这里更多的是“支持”的意思，与“喜欢”有根本的差别，尽管肯定有人仅仅只是“喜欢”。
美国人将“顶”简单解释为“喜欢”，并以此来判断视频“变成了恐怖娱乐节目” 显然太自以为是。否则怎么解释“视频下的评论多达13000多条，大部分对鲁莽的驾驶行为表示愤慨。” “宁停3分，不抢1秒”、“一看二慢三通过”，这是好早的交通安全标语吧。现在说的是“时间就是金钱”，能停3分吗？那跳动的不是时间，是金钱在快速流失。
红灯就要亮起，我赶快抢过去，我比别人多抢到1秒，就比别人多赚1秒的钱。
不抢的是傻子。 我啥我学车时候没人给放这些录像。。。
美国用抢劫分红的方式，让驾驶员安全行车。
据消息人士说，每一个开罚单的警察，都会根据罚单数额一个季度分一次回扣，很多美国警察对此政策衷心拥护，而且积极主动、风雨无助地上路查违章、开罚单，很多警察甚至在圣诞假期都主动申请加班，忘我工作。
据美国警察机构的内部人士说，在眼下的复活节假期里，美国警察纷纷表示，这是金融危机后的又一个丰收月，不但可以给老婆送礼物得以换取老婆的温存，还能在不执勤的时间里去酒吧找找乐子。实际上，尽管全美新车销售持续低迷，但对警察们的罚款创收行动影响甚微。
ls这招在中国不行，又会出现钓鱼执法之类的事件 现在买车的人越来越多，技术又不精湛，也不大懂交通规则，甚至不遵守规则，事故确实越来越多啊。
应当采取适当的措施。 几个选项都不咋地，要是在高速路上，到处都是栅栏，哪儿来得及弄土去啊， 美国作为一个“车轮上的国家”，其汽车文化、交通安全意识，确实比新兴的中国要好，洛杉矶时报有权嘲弄。
该向别人学习的时候还是要拜师傅啊。 美国又瞎嚷嚷什么 英国人的停车技术很了得。。。。。。。。 在美国是90分钟恐怖的影片加上更恐怖的描述，这也有资格说别人？ 呵呵，这方面由于中国是新兴的汽车国家，所以当然美国的经验值得尊重，也没人说美国的经验不值得尊重吧。不过问题是，我们用交通事故的录像教育新手司机，论坛上放出这些录像从而引起普通人对交通安全的重视和对违章司机的舆论压力，这些我觉得都很好啊，为什么美国人要对这个罗里吧嗦，何况还有网友说美国人也这么干不是 看看视频再说 回家的路上在高速路的对侧方向看到大车横过整个路道
真的让人觉得很危险