【11.05.18 时代周刊】中国：教育能遏制泛滥的二奶吗？
【中文标题】中国：教育能遏制泛滥的二奶吗？【原文标题】China: Can Education Curb a Mistress Epidemic?
【登载媒体】时代周刊
【原文作者】Chengcheng Jiang
【原文链接】http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2072530,00.html
2007年9月，一个行人骑车路过北京中央商务区的广告牌。
今年秋天，中国南部广东省的年轻女孩将在学校中学到一门新课程：怎么才能不变成一个情妇。尽管毛主席把玩了若干个女人，但是私通这种行为在中国比较狂热的社会主义年代中还是普遍不被接受的。经济改革让广东成为这个国家最富裕的地区，这里随之充满了二奶，按照字面上理解，意思是“第二个乳房”，也就是情妇在中国的俗称。
2007年，广东省通过了一项立法提案，排除了养情妇的合法性，但是一直没有办法执行。省政府的最新举措是一个具有开创性的前卫行动——在小学和高校中开设“女性教育项目”，目的是教育女孩们要依靠自己——而不是甜爹（译者注：给年轻女子滥送钱物以博取其陪伴或换取性好处的富有年长男人）——来创造未来。这项工作在3月份启动之后，广东省副省长雷于蓝在一次研讨会中说：“教育主要关注自尊、自信、自立和自我发展。”
但是中国社会科学院社会学研究所的研究员李银河认为，单纯依靠教育无法解决中国文化中根深蒂固的问题。李说：“这其实是一个社会习俗，众所周知，社会习俗极难改变。在传统社会中，人们认为众多妻妾标志着一个男人的成功。这项传统在当今社会中又找到了生根发芽的土壤。”
纵观中国各代历史，养情妇不但被社会所容忍，而且还得到了至高无上的权力机构的批准。国家的皇帝有庞大的后宫，贵族、富裕的商人和任何希望提升自身社会地位的人也养有情妇。实际上，这个国家最著名的一部古典小说《红楼梦》中就有这样的情节，清朝皇宫里的一位小妾由于皇帝临幸，只身支撑起整个一个家族，和这个家族中豢养的无数情妇。
历史背景铸成了人们的思维定式，情妇等于身份和权力。现在，在对身份地位极为渴望的中国当今社会中，养情妇再一次成为了时尚之举。在一些城市中，整个生态系统都有利于二奶业的发展。近期网络上的一篇报道披露了上海的一家二奶中介，它专为肯付钱的男人介绍大学生情妇。每年供养情妇的费用不等，不大知名的学校的学生需要3000美元，最知名学府的学生需要26000美元。
有些人认为，受过教育的年轻女性之所以愿意放弃自己的职业来当二奶，是因为中国社会近年来对财富表象极度贪恋的恶习。这种现象同时还破坏了这个国家对人民的共产主义承诺——确保男女在工作岗位上的平等。一个持有名牌学校学位的年轻女性做别人的姘头和做一名学者的几率相当，这说明了什么？
在今天的中国，寻找伴侣的原因并不是爱情，而是赤裸裸的经济理由。“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不愿意坐在自行车后座上笑”是一部分年轻女孩心理的真实写照，她们只愿意寻找有钱的伴侣。在这个国家最受欢迎的婚恋交友网站上，女人不能用共同的兴趣和爱好等条件来搜索对象，但是可以用房子、汽车，以及她们认为可以接受的最低工资水平等条件来搜索。
与此同时，繁荣的经济让很多男人现在有经济能力和更多的可支配收入来养活另外一个情人。李说：“经济增长让一些人变得富有，他们可以在更多的女人身上花钱，尤其是他们内心本来的传统观念就没有消失殆尽，女人越多就表示越成功。”随着越来越多的女性加入游戏中来，社会道德观念也随之变化。千百年来养情妇的男人都被视作成功的象征，而对那些伺奉男人的女人，近年来的态度也明显变得更加宽大。
这种现象最理想的代表人物是自封“情妇女王”的假明星李薇。李最早是身无分文的越南难民，进入云南省之后，她成功地和一系列级别越来越高的人发生了风流韵事。然后她在房地产和股票市场中一度叱咤风云。当一切败露之后，李和公诉人达成协议，交代出她的很多老情人，这些人都被判处了长期徒刑，而她自己只获刑短期监禁，财产几乎毫发未损。她俘获的猎物包括云南省长李嘉廷和青岛市书记杜世成，后者让她在青岛成为2008年奥运会举办城市之后大捞一笔。
然而，对于她的堕落、欺诈和背叛行为，李遭到公众痛斥的同时，也赢得了颇多的仰慕者。有些人对于平民把持腐败官员的手段津津乐道，还有一些人推崇她从卑微的出身爬到社会顶层的能力。天涯网络论坛中的一个帖子写道：“如果她只有一张漂亮的脸蛋，其它一无是处，她是无法诱惑到这些官员的。她一定还有其他女孩所不具备的特质——成熟、忍耐和知识。”
鉴于公众对二奶的推崇心理，以及数百年来对不忠男人的态度并未改变，中国社会科学院的李认为，仅对女性教育是无法解决问题的。她说：“你不能指望教育女性就可以解决问题，为什么不同时教育男人呢？毕竟，是他们主动出去找情妇的。”
原文：
A cyclist rides past an advertisement billboard in Beijing's central business district in September 2007
This fall, young girls in China's southern Guangdong province will be learning a new subject in school: how to avoid becoming a mistress. Although Chairman Mao kept a stable of women at his disposal, extramarital peccadilloes were frowned upon during China's more fervent socialist years. But as economic reforms have helped Guangdong become one of the nation's wealthiest regions, the province has been beset by a flood of ernai, literally, "second breast," as mistresses are commonly known in China.
In 2007, Guangdong passed a piece of legislation that outlawed the keeping of mistresses, but wasn't able to enforce it. The provincial government's new solution is a pioneering "female education program" across elementary and high schools that aims to teach girls to depend on themselves — not sugar daddies — for their future. "The education will focus on self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-improvement," Lei Yulan, vice governor of Guangdong, told a symposium when the initiative was announced in March.
But Li Yinhe, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), says that education alone will not be the answer to a problem so deeply ingrained in Chinese culture. "This is a social custom, and it's well known that social customs are the hardest to change," Li says. "In traditional society, people believed that the more wives a man had the more successful he was. Now this tradition has found room to grow again."
Throughout China's dynastic history, keeping mistresses was not only tolerated, but actually had the official seal of approval from the men at the top. The country's emperors maintained legendary harems of concubines, as did noblemen, wealthy merchants and anyone seeking to enhance their social status. Indeed, the country's most famous classic novel, Dream of the Red Chamber, relates the story of an imperial concubine in the Qing dynasty who supports her entire family, including its own numerous concubines, thanks to the emperor's patronage.
That historical context has perpetuated the notion that having a mistress equates to having status and power. Now, in today's status-hungry China, keeping a mistress is once again the fashionable thing to do. In some cities, an entire ecosystem has sprung up to support the ernai industry. A recent online exposé revealed an ernai agency in Shanghai that provided a menu of potential college-student mistresses for men willing to pay. The annual maintenance fees ranged from just $3,000 for students in less renowned schools to about $26,000 for students from the best campuses.
That well-educated young women would be willing to forgo their careers to become ernais is, some argue, an example of the worst excesses of China's newfound fixation with the trappings of wealth. The trend also undercuts the country's socialist commitment to ensuring that women and men are treated equally in the workplace. What does it say that a young woman with a degree from an elite school could be just as likely to choose being a kept woman as a rising academic?
In China today, the search for a partner is often not inspired by love — but driven by a stark financial calculus. "I'd rather cry in the back seat of a BMW than smile on a back of a bike," is the common attitude of a certain segment of young girls when they are looking for wealthy partners. On the country's most popular online-dating sites, women cannot search for potential mates by common interests or hobbies, but they can select whether they require their prospective partner to have a house and a car, as well as the minimum salary level they would find acceptable.
At the same time, the booming economy means that many men now have the financial clout and disposable income to support another lover. "Economic growth has made some people rich, so they can afford to spend money on more women — especially since they have this traditional idea that having more women equates to being more successful," says Li. And With more and more women willing to play the game, social mores are shifting. While throughout the centuries men who kept mistresses have consistently been regarded as successful, attitudes toward the women who serve those men have become noticeably more lenient in recent years.
No one typifies this better than pseudo celebrity Li Wei, the self-styled "Queen of Mistresses." Arriving in southwestern Yunnan province as a penniless refugee from Vietnam, Li managed a series of affairs with ever more senior politicians. She then parlayed her charms into a vast empire of property and stocks. When it inevitably all came crashing down, Li cut a deal with prosecutors and turned in her many past lovers for lengthy sentences, while she herself served just a short sentence and emerged with most of her wealth still intact. Her conquests included Li Jiating, governor of Yunnan, and after Li was jailed, Du Shicheng, Communist Party secretary of Qingdao, who enabled Li to make a fortune from Qingdao's role as a host city for the 2008 Olympics.
Yet for all her corruption, deceit and treachery, Li has earned as many admirers among the Chinese public as she has detractors. Some delight in the power that a commoner wielded over corrupt officials, while others respect her for having made her way to the top from humble beginnings. "If she only had a pretty face, and nothing else, there is no way she could have tempted all those officials," said one poster on popular online forum Tianya. "She must have had something that other girls didn't — maturity, tolerance and knowledge."
With respect for ernais on the rise, and attitudes toward cheating men unchanged through the centuries, CASS's Li argues that focusing on female education alone is not going to solve the problem. "You can't only educate the females and expect to solve the problem. Why not educate the men as well?" she asks. "After all, they're the ones who go looking for mistresses." 广东真开展这样的教育？？？
太NC了吧？这样的教育。 第二个乳房Q70)很明显作者只搞清楚了奶字最为粗鄙的意思 唉，这个文章是奔真的阴暗面去了。古代的妻妾成群，中国这个文化基因就不良。这两年，感觉社会的价值观颠覆了，文明的婚恋观基本成恐龙了。 自己愿意乱怪不得别人。。。 “我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不愿意坐在自行车后座上笑”
晕啊，马诺的这话名扬海外了。Q48) {:13_668:}第二个乳房亮了！ 唉！中国教育的悲哀……西文化的侵蚀…… 一个为色，一个为财，各有所需,都是你情我愿的事怎么治理？
又不是重婚，重婚还可以走法律途径，这个没法治理的~
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