【11.06.19 新闻周刊】朝鲜流毒中国
【中文标题】朝鲜流毒中国【原文标题】North Korea’s Meth Export
【登载媒体】新闻周刊
【原文作者】Isaac Stone Fish
【原文链接】http://www.newsweek.com/2011/06/19/north-korea-s-meth-export.html
地下经济、边境暂住者、贫穷和绝望造成了中国内陆地区的毒品之灾。
中国官员焚烧没收的毒品。
延吉是距中朝边境河流50英里处的一座孤零零的城市。从其斯大林式的建筑物和瓷砖贴面的外墙体来看，这似乎是一个在中国随处可见的城市。但仔细观察之下就会发现，遍布全城的朝鲜语标牌、朝鲜咖啡厅、朝鲜卡拉OK酒吧显示出边境城市的特点。这里聚集着难民、走私犯、卖淫者、机会主义者和那些购买失落的灵魂的基督教徒。
在过去十五年里，脱氧麻黄碱——俗称冰毒（因其片状晶体外形而得名）——潮水般涌入延吉和吉林省其它地区。地下经济、边境暂住者、贫穷和绝望造成了当地的毒品之灾。
二十年前，延吉登记在册的吸毒人员只有44人。据布鲁金斯学会报告，去年这个城市登记的吸毒人员有2100人，其中90％对冰毒和类似合成药物上瘾。当地官员承认，这个数字大大低估了实际情况，真正吸毒人员的数量应该是这个数字的5到6倍。布鲁金斯的报告说：“吉林省不但是毒品从朝鲜进入中国最重要的中转地，同时也是中国安非他命类刺激药物最大的消费市场之一。”
中国当局最近开展了全省范围内的打击行动，行动代号“疾风”。但在执法过程中出现了一些复杂的问题，冰毒与其它药品不同，很难被追查到来源地。尽管如此，当地官员、居民和专家都认为在中国境内消费的大部分脱氧麻黄碱都是在朝鲜境内生产的，朝鲜长期以来都在向外出口毒品。布鲁金斯的报告说，“来自朝鲜的”安非他命类刺激药物“在近几年明显威胁到了中国”。
延边大学法律学院教授崔俊勇在去年发表的文章中认为，延吉的非法药物大部分来自朝鲜。似乎是在印证他的说法，中国的边境巡逻队去年在一次集中整治行动中抓获了6名朝鲜人，其中一名毒贩人称“金妹妹”。尽管有人估计一克冰毒在朝鲜的价值高于一公斤大米的10倍（大约15美元），但依旧比中国便宜很多。
沈东赫1982年生于朝鲜集中营中，2005年叛逃到韩国。他说：“贩卖冰毒是最简单的致富手段。”每个叛逃者“都知道冰毒”。
或许是由于顾忌与这位愚昧邻居之间的盟友关系，中国政府在指责朝鲜时表现得极为谨慎，有关吉林缉毒行动的报道委婉地说，毒品来自一个“边境国家”。
吉林反毒品机构一位不愿透露姓名的官员说，“我们不会公开宣布”毒品来自朝鲜这一事实，因为这会触动“中朝之间的友好关系。我们今年查获的所有毒品中，冰毒占绝大多数，因为它就是我们这里主要消费的毒品。”
冰毒的生产工艺相对简单，对化学品和场地的要求都不高。从各方面来看，朝鲜这个多山的与世隔绝的世界角落，散布着很多废弃的工厂，是让毒烟袅袅升起的绝佳场所。犯罪学家、韩世大学的助理教授尹敏宇把朝鲜比作保加利亚和罗马尼亚，这些国家中受过高等教育的人也无法谋取足够的收入。
据尹和其他人所说，朝鲜的脱氧麻黄碱生产主要集中在咸兴，这是日本人在二战期间建立的一片化工厂。那里集中着大量化学技师，据说是大饥荒的重灾区。
冰毒最早在1893年出现，目前是世界上最广泛被滥用的药物之一，它能使服用者产生强烈的愉悦感、精力极度集中，并心情放松。这类药物可以点燃吸入、注射或者通过鼻腔吸入，药物的效果还包括在一段比较长的时间中压制人体对食物和睡眠的需求，药效过后会产生疲劳感、焦虑感和偶发的自杀心理。
观察人士说，在朝鲜，很多人用冰毒代替昂贵、无法取得的药物。韩国一家非政府组织的一位工作人员说：“患慢性病的人服用这种药物，直到他们对此上瘾。”他要求匿名，以免威胁到他与一些叛逃者从事的工作。在过去三年中，他采访过数百名叛逃者。他说：“例如，癌症病人就会服用冰毒，这是他们唯一能得到的药物。”一名在2009年叛逃的前自行车走私犯对《新闻周刊》说，他见到一名医生给他朋友的父亲提供冰毒，“服用了5分钟之后，他可以有条理地讲话，再次活动他的手臂。由于具有这种效果，很多老人依赖这种药物。”
石丸次郎是《临津江》杂志的创始人和编辑，这本有关朝鲜的杂志是由朝鲜国内的人提供资料，仅在日本出版。他说他曾经见过几个朝鲜人服用冰毒来缓解压力和疲劳，包括他的前朝鲜商业合作伙伴。石丸说：“他一开始的时候不知道这是毒品，以为是普通药品。”
毒品还为人们提供了一种无法通过其它方法实现的逃避现实的安慰。就像沈所说：“人们在朝鲜看不到希望，所以冰毒才如此受欢迎。人们完全放弃了。”
由于这个国家相对孤立的姿态，很难预测朝鲜使用毒品的人群所占的比例。毒品话题以及有关偷运中国话题的政治敏感性让事实真相更难捕捉，尤其是那些已经叛逃的朝鲜人，也不愿意谈论毒瘾之类令人难以启齿的话题来给自己的祖国抹黑。
然而，一个叛逃者曾经向我描述，她在最近才知道她的一位叔父在两年前因吸食冰毒而去世。她说：“有一次当我们外出到中国时，他不和我们商量就把我们的房子卖掉了，或许那时他急需一笔钱。”另一个男人在朝鲜街头流浪过9年，他承认在垃圾堆中生活时曾吸食海洛因。他说：“冰毒是富人的玩意儿。”
朝鲜长久以来就存在政府资助非法交易的行为，连外交官都在走私宝石、香烟和美元假钞等违禁品。70年代末期，政府参与种植鸦片。沈是我们了解到的目前唯一从朝鲜集中营中逃出来的人，他说集中营的守卫让犯人去种植农作物，“经常有人在我周围埋下罂粟籽。那是一片农田，这些罂粟籽就种在蔬菜旁边。”
北平安道省的一位前学校校长在接受《新闻周刊》采访时说，1984年到1991年，在政府的命令下，他要求学生种植鸦片。“全国各地的学校都被政府安排了一些农田来种植鸦片，这些作物都归政府所有，收获之后被秘密运到国外。”他还提到，在收割时，很多学生会私藏一部分作物去卖钱。
苏联在1991年解体，用来扶持朝鲜经济的数十亿美元援助也随之消失，毁灭性的大饥荒让100多万人丧生，数万人跨过边境逃入延吉。朝鲜人员流动问题专家Sheena Chestnut说，由于政府监管力度薄弱，跨边境的毒品交易在那个时候迅速蔓延。（据《韩国先驱报》报道，目前在韩国被逮捕的朝鲜人中，有三分之一被控与毒品有关的罪名。）
2008年的国会报告中说：“有强烈的迹象证明朝鲜政权参与生产和贩卖非法药品。”报告还引用了过去几十年中50例记录在案的贩毒事件，“其中多起事件中有朝鲜外交人员被逮捕或拘留。”
然而，在今年提交给国会的一份国际麻醉品管控策略报告中提到，在近两年时间里，“没有确凿的大规模贩毒事件”涉及到朝鲜政府。一些专家认为毒品交易在向小规模的私人毒贩趋势转移，这些人随身携带毒品越过边境河流。朝鲜政府似乎在试图遏制毒品的泛滥。据汉城一家报纸《朝鲜日报》的报道，当地官员在去年进行了一次打击毒品的行动，宣称“所有携带、贩卖、使用毒品的行为都将按法律进行严惩”。有若干个消息来源告知《新闻周刊》，首都平壤出现了一些反毒品的宣传海报，在一个从不承认自身问题的国家中，绝少发生允许社会负面信息出现的现象。但是，一位叛逃者对政府的意图表示怀疑。她的哥哥目前还在朝鲜，而且对吸食冰毒上瘾。她说：“他们连大米和定量配给的食物都不给我们，你认为他们会对毒品采取任何措施吗？”
原文：
An underground economy, border transients, poverty, and desperation fuel a drug scourge in the Chinese hinterlands.
Chinese officials burn confiscated drugs
Yanji is a desolate city 50 miles from the river border between China and North Korea. With its Stalinist architecture and tile-clad buildings, it could be Anywhere, China. But on closer inspection, cross-border influence is signaled by the Korean-language signs, Korean coffee shops, and Korean karaoke bars that are dotted around the city. It is a place that is home to refugees, smugglers, prostitutes, opportunists, and evangelical Christians in the market for lost souls.
Over the past decade and a half, methamphetamine—known colloquially as crystal meth or ice because of its flaky crystals—has flooded Yanji and the wider Jilin province, fueled by an underground economy, border transients, and the general poverty and desperation of the region.
Twenty years ago, Yanji had only 44 registered drug addicts. Last year, the city registered almost 2,100 drug addicts, according to a 2010 Brookings Institution report, with more than 90 percent of them addicted to meth or similar synthetic drugs. Local officials acknowledge that this is very likely a gross undercount and that the actual number may be five or six times higher. “Jilin Province is not only the most important transshipment point for drugs from North Korea into China, but has itself become one of the largest markets in China for amphetamine-type stimulants,” the Brookings report said.
Chinese authorities recently conducted a provincewide crackdown, code-named Strong Wind. But for law enforcement, the drug presents a particular problem. Unlike other drugs, it’s nearly impossible to trace the origin of meth. Still, officials, residents, and experts believe that much of the methamphetamine consumed in this Chinese region is manufactured across the border in North Korea, a longtime exporter of drugs. “Clearly,” the Brookings report said, amphetamine-type stimulants “from North Korea have become a threat to China in recent years.”
In an article published last year, Cui Junyong, a professor at Yanbian University’s School of Law, posited that a large amount of the illegal drugs ingested in Yanji came from North Korea. Supporting his point, the border patrol last year arrested six North Koreans in a high-profile bust, including a dealer named “Sister Kim.” Although sources estimate that a gram of meth in North Korea costs roughly 10 times the price of a kilo of rice—about $15—it’s still much cheaper than in China.
“Selling ice is the easiest way to make money,” says Shin Dong Hyuk, who was born in a North Korean concentration camp in 1982 and escaped to South Korea in 2005. Every defector, he added, “knows about ice.”
Perhaps because of its alliance with its benighted neighbor, the Chinese government has been extremely careful about pointing its finger at North Korea; reports on drug busts in Jilin province euphemistically refer to the drugs as coming from a “border country.”
“We don’t publicize” the drugs coming from North Korea because it would touch on “the good relationship between China and North Korea,” an official, requesting anonymity, from Jilin’s anti-drug unit says. But he adds, “Of all the drugs we’ve seized this year, it’s mostly been ice, because that’s our main drug here.”
Meth is relatively simple to manufacture, both in terms of the chemicals and space needed. And in many ways North Korea, a mountainous and isolated country littered with abandoned factories, is the perfect place to cook the toxic fumes. Yun Minwoo, a criminologist and assistant professor at Hansei University in South Korea, compares North Korea to Bulgaria and Romania, countries where even the highly educated are unable to earn a sufficient income.
According to Yun and others, North Korea’s methamphetamine production is centered in Hamheung, the site of a chemical-industrial complex built by the Japanese during World War II, which has a high concentration of chemists and was reportedly one of the worst-hit cities during the famine.
First synthesized in 1893, meth is now one of the world’s most widely abused drugs, imbuing the user with intense feelings of euphoria, concentration, and grandiosity. Smoked, injected or snorted, the drug also suppresses the need for food and sleep for an extended period of time; coming down can bring fatigue, anxiety, and occasionally suicidal ideation.
Inside North Korea, observers say, many use meth in place of expensive and hard-to-obtain medicine. “People with chronic disease take it until they’re addicted,” says one worker for a South Korea-based NGO, who requested anonymity in order to avoid jeopardizing his work with defectors. “They take it for things like cancer. This drug is their sole form of medication,” says the NGO worker, who has interviewed hundreds of defectors in the past three years. A former bicycle smuggler who defected in 2009 told NEWSWEEK of seeing a doctor administering meth to a friend’s sick father. “He took it and could speak well and move his hand again five minutes later. Because of this kind of effect, elderly people really took to this medicine.”
Jiro Ishimaru, founder and editor of Rimjin-gang, a magazine about North Korea and reported by people inside the country but published in Japan, says he has seen several North Koreans take meth to relieve stress and fatigue, including his former North Korean business partner. “He didn’t start taking it as a drug but as a medicine,” Ishimaru says.
The drug also offers an escape that might not otherwise be possible. As Shin puts it: “There’s so little hope in North Korea—that’s why ice is becoming popular. People have given up.”
Given the country’s isolation, estimates for the percentage of the population using the drug in North Korea are speculative. The sensitivity of speaking about drugs, and the political sensitivity involved with trafficking to China, muddies the picture further, especially because North Koreans, even defectors, don’t want to embarrass their country by speaking about something as shameful as addiction.
One defector recounted, however, how she had only recently found out her uncle had died doing meth two years ago. “He was the same person who sold our house when we were out in China without us knowing about it. Maybe he needed the money,” she said. And a man, who spent nine years living on the streets of North Korea, admitted trying heroin once while living in a garbage dump. “Ice is for the wealthy,” he said.
North Korea has a long history of state-sponsored trafficking, with diplomats smuggling contraband including gems, cigarettes, and fake U.S. $100 bills. During the late 1970s, the state got into opium growing. Shin, who is the only known escapee from a North Korean concentration camp, says guards at the camp assigned prisoners to attend to the crop. “Inside the camp, there were always people who planted the poppy seeds near me or around me. It was a farm. The seeds were planted beside plots of vegetables.”
A former school principal in North Pyongan province interviewed by NEWSWEEK says that, on government orders, he directed his students to plant opium from 1984 to 1991. “Throughout the country, schools were given plots of land to grow opium on. The stuff the government owned they secretly sent out of the country.” The teacher says that, during harvest, students would steal part of the crop to sell.
With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, billions of dollars in aid that helped prop up the North Korean economy vanished, leading to a devastating famine that killed more than a million people and forced tens of thousands of North Koreans to flee across the border into cities such as Yanji. Sheena Chestnut, an expert on North Korean trafficking, says that the drug trade across the border expanded rapidly during this period, as the government's control weakened. (Today, more than a third of North Korean defectors imprisoned in the South have been convicted on drug charges, according to The Korea Herald.)
A 2008 report to Congress stated that “strong indications exist that the North Korean … regime has been involved in the production and trafficking of illicit drugs.” The report went on to cite 50 documented drug-trafficking incidents during the last couple of decades, “many involving arrest or detention of North Korean diplomats.”
An International Narcotics Control Strategy Report to Congress this year, however, found that, two years later, there were “no confirmed instances of large-scale drug trafficking” involving the North Korean regime, and some experts think the trade has shifted to smaller—private—traffickers carrying the drug across the river. The North Korean government has seemingly tried to curtail the drug use. Local officials last year announced an anti-drug campaign, saying “all carrying the drug, sellers, and users will be severely punished by the law,” according to the Daily NK, a Seoul-based newspaper. And several sources told NEWSWEEK that anti-drug posters have gone up in the capital Pyongyang, a rare admission of a societal ill in a place where the state rarely admits problems. But one defector, whose brother in North Korea is addicted to meth, is skeptical of the government’s intentions. “They don’t give us rice or rations,” she says. “Do you think they’re going to do anything about drugs?” 知道朝鲜制造毒品 流通到中国了？ 朝鲜政府怎么这么点头脑都没？祸害宗主国！！！！ 这也算新闻
很多年前就知道白色产业了 这也算新闻
很多年前就知道白色产业了 这事有段日子了，朝鲜不是什么好鸟 {:12_563:}联合打击犯罪 党国就养王八蛋~ 边境那些村庄集镇早就成重灾区了，有的地方都不得不搞各户联防、按高科技的报警系统，以防备那些随时趟河过来打家劫舍的邻国…… 朝鲜被逼得没办法，要活命就得铤而走险了！ 虽说我也看朝鲜不顺眼（南北棒都一样）
但是100多W人口丧生么...啧啧，这语气跟某圈圈功说3000W的口气一样啊，而且这数字会涨的哦 每个国家都和毒品有一腿，唯独朝鲜是特殊的。 美国和哥仑比亚的毒品。。。。。吸毒的都应该送到沙漠种树，值草，永远不许离开，除非彻底戒除。 美国对朝鲜的抹黑，无处不在。 朝鲜不是什么好鸟 一贯的CNN系风格，本能的认为是谣言与抹黑
尽管我明白，朝鲜人的确在向延吉等贩卖毒品 谢谢楼主辛勤的翻译~~ 美国英国好好管管自己国内才是正理 棒子本来就是垃圾人民 沈东赫1982年生于朝鲜集中营中，2005年叛逃到韩国。他说：“贩卖冰毒是最简单的致富手段。”每个叛逃者“都知道冰毒”。
他说：“例如，癌症病人就会服用冰毒，这是他们唯一能得到的药物。”一名在2009年叛逃的前自行车走私犯对《新闻周刊》说，他见到一名医生给他朋友的父亲提供冰毒，“服用了5分钟之后，他可以有条理地讲话，再次活动他的手臂。由于具有这种效果，很多老人依赖这种药物。”
=====================================================================
这些话看着总是那么邪乎，就像朝鲜人9200年的历史
我对朝鲜不太了解，但感觉越是独裁的国家，毒品控制越是严格，而且和很多东北人谈到朝鲜难民，根本就没有提到毒品的，
金胖子是不好，但是这样的栽赃有些轮子的风格 像这样的新闻,我压根就不信
页:
[1]
2