【2011.06.09 卫报】中国加入航母俱乐部！
【原帖地址】http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jun/09/china-aircraft-carrier【原文标题】China has joined the club with its first aircraft carrier
【原文作者】Matthew Good
【译者】MacTavish_Tang
【翻译方式】人工
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/6/9/1307620911321/The-Chinese-aircraft-carr-007.jpg
2001年瓦良格通过博斯普鲁斯海峡前往中国。
摄影：Kerim Okten
据透露，中国正在修建她的第一艘航母，前苏联的瓦良格号。瓦良格号长300米，比美国海军的尼米兹级航母短30米。瓦良格的历史可追溯到上世纪80年代，其船体最初由苏联人建造，苏联解体后一直停泊在乌克兰的尼古拉耶夫海军造船厂，知道2001年被中国人买下。虽然瓦良格号将会在今年晚些时候进行海试，但是中国人仍需要一定的时间来掌握如何使用航母，这其中便包括学习发射和回收舰载机，而仅这一项就需要花费中国人几年的时间来完全掌握这项技术。
中国人即将拥有航母的消息引起了一些防务观察家的忧虑，但是他们属于那种一有风吹草动就认为天下将要大乱的人。美国现今拥有11艘尼米兹及核动力航母，还有3艘在建新一代福特级航母。这3艘航母中，一艘的龙骨已经铺好，一艘的龙骨已经切割完毕，另一艘则已经被提上生产日程，并预期于2023年完工。
作为当今世界上最大的航母，尼米兹级的排水量大约有102,000吨，由2座西屋公司的A4W型核反应堆驱动4个螺旋桨，航速可达30节，续航力无限，载有5,680名船员，其中包括航空人员。每艘航母可携带85至90架舰载机。世界第二大航母则是如今俄罗斯海军的旗舰，也是其唯一的航母，库兹涅佐夫海军元帅号航母。瓦良格航母原计划是该级别航母的2号舰，但苏联解体后瓦良格号就停止了建造。瓦良格号的技术参数远逊于尼米兹级航母，与法国人的夏尔·戴高乐号相仿。
如果你想知道世界各国拥有航母的情况，请看下列数据：
美国：11艘
俄罗斯：1艘
法国：1艘
意大利：2艘
印度：1艘
巴西：1艘
荷兰：1艘
泰国：1艘
英国：1艘
除了在规模上无法与尼米兹级相提并论外，美国比其他国家所拥有的航母总和还多出两艘。每一艘尼米兹级航母就是一个海军编队或航母打击群（CSG）的核心。每个航母打击群（CSG）包括一艘航母和它的舰载机，至少一艘巡洋舰，至少两艘驱逐舰或护卫舰，以及一艘后勤补给船。潜艇从不正式出现在航母打击群的名单上，因为这样做的话会暴露潜艇的存在，会限制它们的攻击力。
如今，仅一个美式航母打击群就可以称得上是世界上最强大的军事力量。对美国海军来说，一个航母打击群可以在任何时候都有能力投送两栖力量，如海军陆战队或特种部队；可以在指定的战区建立拥有绝对优势的制空权；可以24小时全天候作战(那些能够对打击群实施突然攻击的情况除外)。这样的航母打击群被设计成能够由海向陆投送军事力量以解决大量复杂的陆基威胁，比如导弹防御系统，尤其是来自射程介于300至3500公里之间的战术弹道导弹的威胁。航母打击群的组成在有弹道导弹核潜艇(SSBN)加入的情况下会有所改变，这些核潜艇携带的导弹最多可产生475000吨的核当量，每个弹头的核当量至少是当年广岛原子弹的36倍。
简而言之，如果一个美式航母打击群的威力被全部释放出来的话，它可以摧毁世界上绝大部分国家。
如果你怀疑中国的潜艇是否有发射核武器的能力，那么答案是肯定的。据信，中国目前至少拥有1艘094级弹道导弹核潜艇，据估计该级潜艇可发射20至24枚巨浪2型潜射弹道导弹。另有消息称，中国正在新建两艘094级弹道导弹核潜艇。尽管如此，中国政府并未轻率地承认094的存在。
作为对比的是，美国拥有18艘俄亥俄级弹道导弹核潜艇，其中14艘核潜艇可携带24枚三叉戟2型潜射弹道导弹。如果不由条约严格限制的话，三叉戟2型导弹的最大射程可达12,000千米，最大载弹量可达12个独立分导核弹头。如果该级潜艇全副武装的话，那么每艘该级潜艇可以携带288枚核弹头，而每枚核弹头最大可产生475千吨的核当量。
这是一多么疯狂的年代啊！我们不能使这个世界上的所有人都丰衣足食，但我们却能将这个世界炸回石器时代！
原文 ：
It's been revealed that the Chinese are building their first aircraft carrier, the Varyag. At 300 metres in length, it will be 30 metres shorter than a US Nimitz class super-carrier. The hull of the Varyag dates back to the 1980s, was initially constructed by the Russians, and sat in a dockyard in the Ukraine rusting until it was purchased by the Chinese. While the vessel is set for sea trials later this year, the Chinese still have to master its use, including learning how to launch and recover jets, which should take them several more years to accomplish.
The fact that the Chinese will possess a carrier has some defence analysts concerned, but they'd be the sort that view any alteration in the current global status quo discomforting. The United States currently has 11 carriers, all Nimitz class boats, with three new carriers currently in production, all of which are new Ford class super-carriers. Of the three, the keel of one has been laid, one has been cut, and the third is slated for production and expected in 2023.
Currently the largest carriers in the world, Nimitz class super-carriers have an approximate displacement of 102,000 tonnes, are propelled by two Westinghouse A4W nuclear reactors to four screws, can achieve over 30 knots, have an unlimited range, and carry a crew of 5,680, which includes air wing personnel. Each of them also carry between 85 and 90 aircraft. The next largest carrier in the world is currently the flagship of the Russian navy, the Admiral Kuznetsov – it being the only carrier in the Russian navy. The Varyag was supposed to be the second in its class, but construction on it was halted after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Its statistics are vastly inferior to that of the Nimitz class, as are those of France's Charles de Gaulle.
If you're wondering what the global breakdown looks like:
• United States: 11 carriers• Russia: 1 carrier• France: 1 carrier• Italy: 2 carriers• India: 1 carrier• Brazil: 1 carrier• Netherlands: 1 carrier• Thailand: 1 carrier• United Kingdom: 1 carrier
Besides being nowhere near in the same league as Nimitz class carriers, the US possesses two more active carriers than the rest of the world combined. Each of those carriers is the lead command vessel of a naval group, or CSG (carrier strike group). Each CSG consists of a carrier and its air wing, a minimum of one cruiser, a minimum of two destroyers/frigates and logistical support vessels. The inclusion of submarines is never officially listed, as to do so would admit their presence and therefore limit their capabilities.
A single US carrier strike group is, at present, the most powerful military asset in the world. In the case of the US navy, a CSG has the ability to deploy amphibious ready groups (marines/special forces); establish air supremacy in a given theatre of operation; operate in all weather conditions 24 hours a day (save those that pose a threat to the group's immediate security); are designed to be able to project power ashore to deal with a multitude of sophisticated land-based threats, such as missile defence systems; and, above all, can deploy theatre ballistic missiles that possess a range of between 300 to 3,500 kilometres (tactical-intercontinental). That aspect changes if the group is accompanied by a ballistic submarine (SSBN), which has the ability to launch up to 24Trident II's with a START-limited five MIRV's per missile, each of which can be configured to deliver W88s, which have a maximum yield of 475 kilotonnes – roughly 36 times more powerful per warhead than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
In short, a single CSG could – if fully unleashed – devastate most nations on earth.
If you're wondering if the Chinese have subs capable of launching nuclear weapons, the answer is yes. At present they are believed to possess at least one 094, which has the ability to launch an estimated 20 to 24 Type 3 JL-2 SLBM's. The Chinese are believed to be building two more 094s, with some claiming that more than one is now in service. Despite this, the Chinese government has yet to recklessly unleash the 094 on the west – surprise, surprise.
By comparison, the US has 18 Ohio class subs, 14 of which are Trident II SSBN's that are capable of carrying 24 SLBMs – each of which can, if unrestricted by treaties, deploy 12 independent warheads per missile at a maximum range of 12,000 kilometres. If fully laden, that's 288 nuclear warheads per boat, each possessing a maximum yield of 475 kilotonnes.
What an amazing technological age we live in. We can't feed the world, but by God we can blow it up. 我们不能使这个世界上的所有人都丰衣足食，但我们却能将这个世界炸回石器时代！
这就是一个疯狂的年代！ 我们不能使这个世界上的所有人都丰衣足食，但我们却能将这个世界炸回石器时代！
这就是一个疯狂的年代！ ...
生于1973 发表于 2011-7-5 08:33 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
因为人们更需要民主！ o3O119) 泰国都有一艘 回复 5# 天纪
从西班牙购买，轻型航母，日本的“直升机驱逐舰”日向号的排水量都比它大。平时基本上是趴在船坞里不动的，泰国最近几年经济一直不好，没钱开出去遛。 我们不能使这个世界上的所有人都丰衣足食，但我们却能将这个世界炸回石器时代！
这就是一个疯狂的年代！ ...
生于1973 发表于 2011-7-5 08:33 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
这个世界从来就没出现过所有人都丰衣足食 问题是很多人的丰衣足食是建立在其他地区人民的穷困潦倒上的，而且还不自知，还希望永远骑在别人的头上，继续丰衣足食。 回复 7# Jigong
非不能也，不为也。 回复Jigong
非不能也，不为也。
MacTavish_Tang 发表于 2011-7-5 18:15 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
Bribes from political parties to voters, in the form of cash, goods, or services, are a regular feature of elections in South India. Poor voters expect bribes from political candidates, and candidates find various ways to satisfy voter expectations. From paying to dig a community well to slipping cash into an envelope delivered inside the morning newspaper, politicians and their operatives admitted to violating election rules to influence voters. The money to pay the bribes comes from the proceeds of fundraising, which often crosses into political corruption. Although the precise impact of bribery on voter behavior is hard to measure, it no doubt swings at least some elections, especially the close races. 我不相信学习怎么使用航母要几年Q78) 回复 9# MacTavish_Tang
只要还有一个人有私心。
这个世界仍然不容乐观。 回复 11# 6036948
几年都有可能是少的了，真正要完全掌握如何使用航母，恐怕要10年以上，这一点可以看看美军的航母历程。 美国的航母不止11艘，他们还有多条能搭载垂直起降飞机的两栖攻击舰，比其他国家的的多数航母吨位都大，载机更多。 我们不能使这个世界上的所有人都丰衣足食，但我们却能将这个世界炸回石器时代！
这就是一个疯狂的年代！ ...
生于1973 发表于 2011-7-5 08:33 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
人人平等永远只是一句口号 回复 15# 小样很牛
绝对的平等是不存在的，但是可以追求平等，尽量消除不平等
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