【11.07.03 纽约时报】网络丑闻让中国人不信任国家慈善机构
【中文标题】网络丑闻让中国人愈加不信任国家的慈善机构
【原文标题】An Online Scandal Underscores Chinese Distrust of State Charities
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【原文作者】EDWARD WONG
【原文链接】http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/04/world/asia/04china.html?_r=1&ref=china
郭美美博客中的照片，据说她在中国红十字会中担任高级职务。
一位年轻的迷人女性的照片，就像一只手榴弹在中国慈善界炸开。
其中一张照片里，她戴着太阳镜，斜倚在一辆玛莎拉蒂上。另一张照片展示了她摆放爱马仕手提包的壁橱。还有一张照片，她坐在飞机的商务舱里喝一杯饮料。
在中国的暴发户们看来，这都不是什么新鲜事。激起人们愤怒情绪的是，这个20岁的女孩郭美美似乎在中国红十字会担任高级职务，这是中国最大的政府慈善组织。她用“郭美美Baby”的名字在自己的微博上大肆吹嘘，所使用的职称是红十字“商业总经理”，而且似乎已经被微博的运营公司新浪核实。
与此同时，她在网络上用照片和文字详尽描述自己周游世界的生活，包括她在南方开的一辆兰博基尼（她的“小牛”）和在北京开的一辆玛莎拉蒂（她的“小马”）。
自从6月底互联网用户发现这些令人愤慨的信息之后，郭女士和红十字会就一直是中国网络最热门的话题。作为国际红十字会联盟成员的中国红十字会否认与郭女士有任何关系，一些网络用户猜测，她能得到这个职位，是因为她是一位红十字会顶层官员的情妇或者亲戚。警方已经开始调查。一些中国报纸在周一报道，郭女士是王军的女朋友，这位年龄比她大得多的男人负责运作红十字会的慈善活动。
一些人担心，这件丑闻以及随之而来对慈善组织腐败现象的怀疑，将会对中国的慈善事业产生重大影响。一些官员越来越依赖非赢利组织来帮助解决社会问题，比如医疗和教育问题。
清华大学非政府组织研究中心主任贾习津说：“人们长久以来就有类似的质疑，问题的根源是民众的信任、慈善机构的责任感和中国慈善组织的责任感。”
慈善事业在中国刚刚起步。随着越来越多的中国人步入中产和富裕阶层——福布斯的数据显示，今年中国有115名亿万富翁，去年是64名——一些人希望通过慈善捐款来行善举。2008年的四川地震让民众觉悟大幅度提高，第二年政府收到的捐助额破记录达到80亿美元。
同时也出现了一些浮夸的慈善家，比如再生资源行业大亨陈光标。尽管如此，很多人质疑中国的富人是不是太吝啬了，沃伦巴菲特和比尔盖茨去年来中国倡议慈善事业时，也提出了这个问题。有人说，中国人不愿意捐献自己的资产，是因为他们担心这些钱会落入腐败的黑洞。
人们担心的根源在于政府坚持全面掌控慈善事务，推崇自己所有的大机构，为民间基金组织活动设置重重障碍。于是，大型的政府慈善机构，尤其是红十字会，就成了很多中国人眼中的嫌疑犯。
这些组织有巨大的行动自由来向公众招徕捐赠，当出现大灾难，人们寻求捐赠联系人时，政府会指定它们作为官方善款收集机构。2009年2月发布的官方数据显示，四川地震后红十字会收到了超过7.35亿美元的捐款。但是，一些名人，比如房地产大亨王石，曾经拒绝向这些组织捐款。
几件具体的事情曾经引起人们的怀疑。4月份，一张流传在互联网上的照片显示，红十字会上海分会的几个人在一家餐厅中消费了1500美元。郭美美丑闻爆发之后，国家审计局在6月26日发布了一份报告，列出了审计过程中发现的红十字会财务存在的5项问题。
一件引发公众广泛指责的事情是，红十字会这个2010年有4500万美元政府预算的组织，在一项设备采购合同中出现了65万美元的虚高报价。
网络上一个比较典型的对郭美美丑闻的攻击来自于建嵘，这位中国社会科学院著名的学者在微博上说，如果红十字会不“通过改革来建议一套开放的制度，它必将在人们心中失去信誉。我个人会首先开始抵制它。”
20岁的郭美美声称在中国红十字会中担任要职，她的博客空间里满是奢华生活的照片。
很多中国人不相信红十字会的理由是因为它特殊的法律身份，它是25家直接向共产党和国务院汇报的大型组织之一。中国几乎所有的非营利组织都应当在民政局注册，这些组织的数量大约有42万。
贾女士说：“它们有国家财政支持，工作人员由国家支付薪水，组织的功能是提供政府机构的服务。”
组织中还有一些附属机构根本没有合法注册。郭美美丑闻中浮现出的一个影子机构叫做商业红十字会，其细节没人了解。
贾女士说，总体上看，只有红十字会和另外一个小一些的政府组织中国慈善总会可以向公众募捐。遇到灾难时，比如四川和玉树的地震，政府或许会允许其它组织募集资金，但在官方，总是把红十字会摆在首位。
房地产大亨冯仑在他公司——万通集团——的名下成立一个慈善基金。在一次接受采访时，他说，政府组织“缺少透明度，做事没有效率”，大部分原因在于缺少具备专业经验的管理人员。
郭美美丑闻在6月21日爆发，当时有人在中国互联网上发现了她的照片和红十字会职务。她的微博上有“V”标记，表示他的身份已经被新浪确认，尽管她在早先宣称自己是一个演员。
网络用户迅速对郭女士群起攻之，她先是说她的组织是一个与红十字会分开运作的商业机构。随着公众压力上升，红十字会和郭女士都坚称自己与对方无关。网络用户迅速发现了红十字商会这个模糊不清的组织的存在，而它的确与红十字会有关系。
红十字会在6月24日向警方报告了郭女士的情况。两天后，郭女士在网络上道歉，说自己“愚蠢自大的行为”和“伪造的身份”。6月27日，狗仔队拍到的照片显示她从深圳到达北京机场，迅速钻进一辆汽车，她现在还住在北京。星期二，北京新闻报道，警方已经开始调查。
尽管中国的媒体已经开始报道事件原委，但监察人员在上周删除了几个最早谴责红十字会腐败行为的微博信息。迫不及待的监察行动更加强调了丑闻的微妙性质。
冯先生说：“揭露政府非赢利组织和慈善业内问题的行动刚刚开始，我认为这是一股积极的力量，它将推进中国民权社会的发展，争取更多透明的真相。”
原文：
An image from the blog of Guo Meimei, who reportedly holds a senior position at the Red Cross Society of China.
BEIJING — The photographs of the alluring young woman landed like hand grenades in the world of Chinese philanthropy.
One showed her wearing sunglasses and leaning on the hood of a white Maserati. Another revealed her closetful of Hermès handbags. Yet a third showed her sipping a drink in a business-class cabin on an airline flight.
None of it was outrageous by the standards of China’s nouveau riche. What ignited a firestorm was the fact that the woman, Guo Meimei, 20, appeared to hold a senior position at the Red Cross Society of China, a government organization that is the country’s largest charity. Under the name “Guo Meimei Baby,” she had boasted on her microblog that her title was “commercial general manager” at the Red Cross, a claim that had apparently been verified by Sina, the Internet company hosting the microblog.
At the same time, she posted photos and entries detailing her jet-set life, writing of the orange Lamborghini she drove in the south (her “little bull”) and the white Maserati she had in Beijing (her “little horse”).
Since an Internet user pointed out the scandalous posts in late June, Ms. Guo and the Red Cross have been the most talked-about subjects on the Chinese Internet. The Red Cross of China, which is a member of the International Federation of Red Cross Societies, has denied any ties to Ms. Guo, who some Internet users speculate got her title because she is the mistress or relative of a top Red Cross official. The police are investigating her. Some Chinese news reports said Monday that Ms. Guo was the girlfriend of Wang Jun, a much older man who organizes charity drives for the Red Cross.
Some people fear the scandal and the accompanying increase in suspicions of corruption in charities could deal a major blow to philanthropy here, even as some officials increasingly rely on nonprofit groups to help cope with growing social needs like health care and education.
“People have had doubts for a very long time,” said Jia Xijin, director of the Nongovernmental Organization Research Center at Tsinghua University in Beijing. “The issue is public trust or accountability of charities, the accountability of philanthropy organizations in China.”
Philanthropy is only beginning to develop here. As more and more Chinese enter the middle and upper classes — Forbes this year listed 115 billionaires in China, up from 64 last year — some are looking to do good through charity donations. The Sichuan earthquake in 2008 led to a rise in civic consciousness, and the next year the government recorded $8 billion in donations.
Flashy philanthropists have emerged, like the recycling magnate Chen Guangbiao. Still, there have been questions raised about whether wealthy Chinese are too stingy, a topic that came up when Warren Buffett and Bill Gates flew to Beijing last year to encourage philanthropy. Some say many Chinese are reluctant to donate their wealth for fear that the money will end up in a corrupt organization.
That fear is mostly rooted in the government’s insistence on controlling charity work and promoting its own vast organizations, while setting limits on the activities of private foundations. So large state-run charities, especially the Red Cross, are suspect in the eyes of many Chinese.
Those groups have wide latitude in soliciting donations from the public, and are designated by the government to be focal points of charity collection during times of disaster, when people are looking for any outlet to help the needy. Official figures published in February 2009 showed that the Red Cross collected more than $735 million in donations after the Sichuan earthquake, even though some prominent people, like the real estate tycoon Wang Shi, advised against giving to the group.
Several recent episodes have raised suspicions. In April, a photograph circulating on the Internet showed a $1,500 restaurant bill for a meal had by a small group of people employed by the Shanghai branch of the Red Cross. Then on June 26, in the middle of the Guo Meimei scandal, the National Audit Office issued a report on the Red Cross that listed five financial problems it had uncovered.
One that drew widespread criticism was that the organization, which had an approved budget in 2010 of almost $45 million, had overpaid an equipment procurement contract by $650,000.
A typical online attack during the Guo Meimei scandal came from Yu Jianrong, a prominent scholar at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, who said on his microblog that if the Red Cross did not “initiate reform to build an open system, it will lose all credibility with the people. And then I will personally boycott it.”
Guo Meimei, 20, who claimed to hold a senior position at the Red Cross Society of China, posted evidence of lavish living on her blog.
Many Chinese do not trust the Red Cross because of its special legal status — it is one of 25 large organizations that register with an office that answers to both the Communist Party and the State Council, China’s cabinet. Virtually all other nonprofit groups in the country are supposed to register with the Ministry of Civil Affairs, which counts 420,000 such entities on its rolls.
“They get public financial support, their staff is paid by the government and their function is to serve as an agency of the government,” Ms. Jia said.
The group also has affiliated organizations that are not legally registered at all — one example that has emerged during the Guo Meimei scandal is a shadowy group called the Red Cross of the Commercial Sector, about which there is little information.
In general, only the Red Cross and a smaller government organization, the Chinese Charity Federation, can ask for public donations, Ms. Jia said. During times of crisis, like the Sichuan and Yushu earthquakes, the government might allow other groups to raise money, but officials always put the Red Cross on the front lines of charity drives.
Feng Lun, a real estate mogul who started a charitable foundation under his company, the Vantone Group, said in an interview that the state-run organizations “don’t have transparency and aren’t efficient enough,” largely because they lack managers with professional experience running charities.
The Guo Meimei scandal erupted June 21, when someone on the Chinese Internet pointed out the photographs that Ms. Guo had been posting and the Red Cross job title on her microblog, a Sina Weibo account. Her blog had been marked with a “V,” meaning her identity had been verified by Sina, even though she had claimed earlier she was an actress.
Internet users quickly began condemning Ms. Guo. She first defended herself by saying her group was a commercial operation separate from the Red Cross. As public pressure grew, the Red Cross and Ms. Guo said they had nothing to do with each other. Internet users soon pointed out the existence of the murky group called the Red Cross of the Commercial Sector, which has ties to the Red Cross.
The Red Cross reported Ms. Guo to the police on June 24. Two days later, Ms. Guo apologized online for her “stupid and ignorant behavior” and “made-up identity.” Paparazzi-style photographs showed her arriving in the Beijing airport on June 27 from Shenzhen, where she also lives, and rushing off in a private sedan. On Tuesday, Beijing News reported that the police had begun an investigation.
Although Chinese newspapers have been running articles and editorials about the controversy, censors last week deleted some of the original microblog posts that accuse the Red Cross of corruption. That scramble to censor underscores the delicate nature of the scandal.
“This is just the beginning of the unveiling of the problems of state-run nonprofit organizations and charities,” Mr. Feng said. “I think this can be a positive force to push Chinese civil society to promote more transparency.”
我看NGO猫腻更多{:soso__4010805434282253228_4:} 谢谢翻译。这么客观报道的文章真少见，让我居然无从谈起。。。。 跟钱有关的人和事少有不变质的 红十字问题很多，但某些所谓民间慈善机构问题更严重----------居然把大家捐的钱资助分裂主义势力！（在此不点名）。 :L 是人的心变了…… :@这方面我站在西梅一边，
毛爷爷会理解我的 反正我不会再信任红十字会，我信任曹德旺陈光标余彭年和我自己的微薄之力。 从来无视国内的所谓“慈善”……
看来中了彩票也不能捐了 从天堂到地狱只是一步之遥 鹤栖波 发表于 2011-7-16 01:58 static/image/common/back.gif
反正我不会再信任红十字会，我信任曹德旺陈光标余彭年和我自己的微薄之力。 ...
还有首善....... 汶川，俺个人捐了666元，全家共捐了将近2K元。。。痛心啊
页:
[1]