【福布斯网站110726】中国成为世界创新领头羊？还差得远呢
【中文标题】中国实现创新成功的漫漫长路【原文标题】China’s Long March to Innovation Success
【登载媒体】福布斯网站
【来源地址】http://blogs.forbes.com/billfischer/2011/07/26/chinas-long-march-to-innovation-success/
【译 者】思聪，杰西
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【译 文】
China’s journey from a seriously poor, autarkic, economy to the “shop floor of the world,” took a bit more than two decades. Today, less than a decade later, it appears poised to evolve into becoming a leading global innovator; but can China actually make this next great leap forward?
中国从一个严重贫穷落后、自给自足的经济体到“世界工厂”只用了二十几年的时间。今天看来，在不到十年之后，中国将成为全球创新领头羊似乎指日可待。但是，中国到底能否真正实现这个大的跨越呢？
Many observers think that China is ripe for innovative leadership. TomsonReuters has recently observed, on the basis of patenting trends, that: “an epic industrial revolution has brought China to its current state of development, but it will be China’s intellectual revolution that will carry it forward,” and further analysis of this same data (recently posted by Mark Perry) would certainly support the view that China appears to be fast becoming a global innovation power.
很多分析人士认为，中国成为创新引领者的时机已经成熟。汤森路透(Thomson Reuters)分析指出，在专利申请趋势的基础上，“工业革命时期把中国带到现如今的发展阶段，但是只有中国自己的智力革命才能推动它进一步向前”。对这份数据（近期由Mark Perry发布）更进一步的分析得出的结论同样支持这个观点：有迹象表明，中国将很快成为全球创新大国。
Yet, since it has long been useful to consider both the rate and direction of innovative activity, it pays us to ask “given that China’s rate of innovation appears (at least as far as patenting is concerned) to be rapid, does the direction of this activity give us a better sense of what is really going on?” In fact, there is a big difference between creating new ideas and capturing the value associated with these new ideas. FT.com/alphaville reports that many of the Chinese patents counted are utility patents, and do not represent significant new contributions to knowledge . Furthermore, at least one observer on the scene has reported that Chinese government authorities are encouraging the disaggregation of patent applications in order to boost the numbers of patents being produced. This month, INSEAD’s Global Innovation Index for 2011 ranked China just 29th overall in innovation . According to this analysis, although China’s innovation benefits from growing market and business sophistication (for a middle-income economy) and a lively financial sector, there are disadvantages associated with social infrastructure deficiencies relating to innovation-related institutions and human-capital development. It would appear that while China might be becoming more productive in generating patents, these may not necessarily translate into economic impact. On the other hand, China ranks #1 as the world’s top “importer of R&D,” which would be appropriate for innovation strategies based on value-capture.
然而一直以来，创新行为的速度和方向被认为是评价创新活动的两大可靠指标。这份资料向我们表明，中国的创新速度看起来很快（至少在专利创新方面是这样的），但是这些创新活动的方向是否让我们更明白中国的创新总体情况到底如何了呢？事实上，在创造新点子（创造价值）和获得这些新想法所带来的价值之间有很大差别。FT.com/alphaville报道说，很多中国专利被看做实用专利，并且对知识并无多少有意义的贡献（换句话说，即无创造价值）。此外，目前有不止一个评论家指出中国政府当局鼓励专利申请的分类来促进专利数量的增长。在本月INSEAD的2011全球创新者指标中，中国仅被排在29位（瑞士第一，美国第七）。根据这一分析，尽管中国的创新得益于扩大的市场、商业成熟度（作为中等收入水平的经济体）和活跃的财政部门，但在有关创新的学会组织和人力资源发展方面，中国仍有很多社会基础设施上的不足。尽管中国看起来在专利数量增长上颇有成效，但这并不能直接得出它在促进经济发展方面也卓有成效的结论。另一方面，中国是世界头号“研发进口大国”，而这也是基于获取价值的创新战略。
I recently had the opportunity to work with a number of senior Chinese high-tech industry and government officials and I asked their opinion of China’s innovation trajectories in terms of creating versus capturing value. The chart below summarizes the outcome of that discussion in a very impressionistic manner .
恰逢最近有机会和一些中国高层高科技产业和政府职员协同工作，我向他们询问他们对中国在创造与获取价值方面的创新轨迹的看法。下面这个图表让人印象深刻，它概括了这个讨论的结果（图表上的布局只表示方向，不在成就预测点上体现精确值）
Interestingly, there was no disputing the role of appropriating the ideas of others to build China’s innovative capital, as evidenced by the clustering of many of China’s new economy champions in the lower lefthand quarter. But, this is not so surprising as many Western firms also owe their historical origins to the ideas of others. Google, for example, was judged by my Chinese observers to have originated by building upon the prior search-engine innovations of others, but then, as the arrow indicates, has subsequently grown through mastering the ability to both create and capture its own value. Something that few of the Chinese firms have apparently achieved.What is more notable about these impressions is that all but a handful of the Chinese firms are essentially only capturing value in the Chinese domestic market. They have, to date, been unable to launch strategies to create value and they have not been very successful in capturing value outside of the Chinese domestic market . Also interesting is that Lenovo and Huawei, two of the Chinese three firms most “northeast” in their location on the chart (both creating & capturing value — presumably where we would find the most sustainably successful innovators), would probably regarded by outside observers as being the least “entrepreneurial”, the least “new economy”, and the least “independent” of all of the firms represented. If we had added Haier to this set, the results would have been similar. So much for the innovation stereotypes so cherished in the West!
有意思的是，对于盗用别人的想法来打造中国自己的创新资本没有任何争议，正如在上一季度新经济创新的领导者越来越多。如许多西方电影也经常把他们历史上就有的东西当做别人的想法一样，这一点也不让人惊讶。就拿Google来说，它被很多中国观察家评定为源自别人建设一个优先搜索引擎的想法，但是之后，如箭头所指，google继而既是一种创造，有获得了它自身的价值。这是少有的中国公司能获得的成就。在这个图表中更引人注意的是，实质上只有少数中国公司只在中国国内市场中实现了其价值。他们迄今为止还未找到创造价值的策略，并且他们也未能在国外市场获得价值取得成功。[有趣的是，百度这周刚被宣布为新的“框计算”战略以区别于谷歌，新浪微博最近进入日本市场，甚至被传谣言说在这个夏天开发其英文版成为Twitter的敌手。事实上，如果这些都实现了的话，那么也许我们就能在中国电影的成长轨迹中看到更多价值创造了吗？同样有趣的是，联想和华为，是位置在此图表中最“东北方”（兼备创造和获得价值两要素的公司——被假定为最具持续性的成功创造者）的三个中国公司的其中两个，却可能被国外观察者认定是所有现有公司中具有最少“企业家的”，最少的“新经济的”，最少的“独立行”的公司。如果我们把海尔也加入这个行列，也无法改变这个现状。西方认为的创新典型公司也不过这几家！
Increasing the “rate” of inventive activity will only get you so far. In order to make it big on the global stage, a nation’s firms need to be able to capture the economic value associated with that activity. This means investment into organizational design on a global scale, establishing brand visibility, building worldwide supply chains and channels of distribution, and all of the rest of the complex set of activities that go into making a successful multinational corporation. Two years ago, Rebecca Chung and I reported that experienced Chinese managers participating in CEIBS’s EMBA program appeared considerably less optimistic about China’s prospects as a global innovative leader than did a similar set of their peers in IMD’s EMBA program . Perhaps what the Chinese managers saw, that outsiders in their enthusiasm missed, was that increasing inventive activity might well be the easiest part of successful innovation, and that it is indeed a less glamorous and more managerial long march to becoming able to realize the value associated with that increased inventive activity.
增加创新行为的“速率”不可能让你走的更远。要想在全球舞台上大有作为，一个国家的公司需要有能力获得与此行为相关的经济价值。这意味着对全球规模有计划有组织的投资，创建品牌效益，建设世界范围的供应链条和分配渠道，还有所有其他复杂的环节才能共同创建出成功的跨国公司。两年前，我和Rebecca Chung做过这个报道：参加CEIBS（中欧国际商业学会）EMBA项目中经验丰富的中国管理者在中国成为全球创新引领者的前景上远非在他们在IMD的EBMA项目的同辈们那么乐观（53名CEIBS的EMBA中，66%的人认为中国近期的未来是，然而只有18%他们的IMD同仁认同这个评定）。也许在热情之余，中国经理们看到的是，在成功的创新中，增长的创新活动是成功的创新中最简单的部分，而他们确实还有更艰苦的更需要管理的路走，去逐渐有能力实现（认识）这些创新活动带来的相关价值。 很快，中国人将比你们走的更远 其实，我很感谢这样的西媒，这种鞭策很好啊。。。 senatorcc 发表于 2011-8-3 11:52 static/image/common/back.gif
其实，我很感谢这样的西媒，这种鞭策很好啊。。。
西媒的吹牛造谣也是很好看的故事。 说明两个含义：
1，中国的科技创新已经开始
2，差距还很大。
肯定成就和承认差距都很重要。 是差很远啊。 中国是人均5000美元的水平，我们认识的很清楚。 我们知道自己有什么，没有什么，然后能取长补短，发扬光大 多大差距都不可怕，只怕不知道。 mark1!1 差距是很大，看清自己的差距，才会缩短差距。
差距不可怕，可怕的是看不清差距，自以为马上就是天下老大，这种心态才是最可怕的。 是的!所以要继续努力! 当西方人还像毛猴一样的时族，中国人:D鸡的屁就举世第一了， 中国的路还很长，中国加油 要是没有差距了你们也就下岗了 呵呵 没有创新的中国已经让西方世界害怕，如果在创新上成为领头羊，那些高傲的白人们难道去喝西北风吗？ 时间能证明一切 的确中国海不是创新的大国。没说错 看到差距，然后继续努力，谢谢鞭策啊，有你们的鞭策中国才能跑的更快~
不过我真想说一句，不是有差的话，你西方还混个鸟啊{:soso__17661224044247034_2:}
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