【8.12华尔街】(能拼得了吗?)软实力对决:孔子学堂vs台湾书院
本帖最后由 一古斋主 于 2011-8-15 23:20 编辑《华尔街日报》 软实力对决！孔子学院 vs. 台湾书院
核心提示：台湾政府近期透露了要在海外开设文化中心"台湾书院"的计划，以推广台式国语和正体中文作为重点，这似乎是与代表中共利益的"孔子学院"在软实力上的正面交锋。
本文由"译者"志愿者"独家村"翻译
http://yyyyiiii.blogspot.com/
台湾在防备中国日益增长的军事力量的同时，也正在计划对大陆步步紧逼的软实力进行反攻。
其中一步看上去是受到了北京出资建设孔子学院的启发，台湾政府近期透露了要在海外开设文化中心的计划。根据台湾政府信息办公室的资料，第一批文化中心――全称叫做"台湾书院"――会于秋季在纽约、洛杉矶和休斯顿开始运作。
面对中国日益增强的国际政治支配力，以及它对台湾日益强硬的主权宣称。台湾转向它所称的"文化外交"来延伸自己在海外的利益。台湾书院的计划和更多纲领一起，以文化中心网络作为工具来宣传台式国语以及正体中文，同时也会赞助有关台湾的研究项目。
虽然这个计划的目标听起来够直接，但在某些具体方面还是争议不断。那就是：到底什么才是台湾文化。
注重于宣传国语是书院计划最受争议的方面，同时也是从软实力角度讲最重要的立足点。北京有超过300间孔子学院和孔子课堂，同样也在宣传学习国语。但与台式国语有一些不同。（例如，在台湾用于招呼餐厅女服务员的用语――小姐――在中国大陆通常是妓女的委婉说法。）同时，中国使用的是简体字，而台湾还是采用更复杂的正体中文。
正当世界各地越来越多的学习想学习中文，向他们介绍台式中文可能有助于让人们注意到这个小岛的特别之处，包括它特有的风俗和思维方式。
不过即使大多数台湾人能讲国语，许多来自南部的台湾人，或者说"泛绿"人士更喜欢说当地的闽南话（台语）或者是别的方言，即在17-19世纪由南中国传来的客家话。
绿色是台湾反对党"民主进步党"的颜色，他们的许多支持者倾向于台湾独立，并且以不讲国语与中国保持距离。
"看起来政府将台湾文化定位成中国的一个分支。"民进党发言人林俊宪告诉实时中国，"我们的文化是一种混合文化，有着很强的日本特色，还有一些荷兰和西班牙文化的痕迹。"
政府新闻办公室高层杨永明（Philip Yang）说，书院计划包括台湾文化的数字图书馆的建设，并会包括岛上的非中国文化。他解释说，这一中心之所以着重于国语，是因为"台湾文化的主要部分都是中华文化的传承。"
60多年前国民党从中国逃至台湾，在那之前，台湾就被日本、西班牙和荷兰据为殖民地。许多台湾人能讲流利的日语，许多关键政府建筑――包括总统府――都是由日本人建造。此外，还有为数众多的原住民，他们已经在岛上生活了几个世纪，并保留了与中国完全不同的文化。
无论是从政治上，还是从操作上用浅显易懂的语言向国际观众展示到底什么才是台湾都毫无疑问是一个挑战。台湾书院到底是否能在与只代表北京利益的孔子学院竞争中获胜，我们拭目以待。
AUGUST 12, 2011, 6:29 PM HKT
Soft Power Smackdown! Confucius Institute vs. Taiwan Academy
Aries Poon
http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/08/12/soft-power-smackdown-confucius-institute-vs-taiwan-academy/
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At the same time as Taiwan is moving to defend itself against China’s rising military power, the island is also planning a counteroffensive against the mainland’s push for greater soft power.
In a move that appears inspired by the global spread of Beijing-sponsored Confucius Institutes, Taiwan’s government recently unveiled a plan to open cultural centers abroad. The first of the centers – known collectively as the “Taiwan Academy” — will kick off in New York, Los Angeles and Houston this fall, followed by more in Europe and Asia, according to Taiwan’s Government Information Office.
In the face of China’s growing dominance in international politics and its assertion of sovereignty over Taiwan, Taipei has resorted to what it calls “cultural diplomacy” to further the island’s interests abroad. The Academy plan has been designed along those lines, with the network of cultural centers intended as a tool to promote Taiwanese-flavored Mandarin and traditional Chinese characters, and also sponsor research on Taiwan-related topics.
While the plan’s basic mission sounds straightforward enough, controversy has begun to swirl around the specifics. At issue: the ever-contentious debate over what constitutes Taiwanese culture.
The most controversial aspect of the Academy plan – the focus on promoting Mandarin — may also be its most important from a soft-power standpoint. Beijing’s more than 300 Confucius Institutes and Confucius Classrooms are also focused on promoting the study of Mandarin, but the Mandarin spoken in Taiwan can be quite different. (For instance, the word used to hail waitresses in Taiwan – xiaojie, or “miss,” – is a common euphemism for prostitute in mainland China.) And while China uses a simplified writing system, Taiwan still employs more complex traditional Chinese characters.
As students the world over rush to study the language, introducing them to its Taiwanese variant might help draw more attention to the island as a distinct place with its own customs and ways of thinking.
But even if most people in Taiwan can speak Mandarin, many Taiwanese, often from the southern part of the island and generally more “green,” prefer speaking in the local Taiwanese dialect (“Tai-yu”) or other dialects like Hakka widely spoken by ethnic Chinese communities that came over from southern China the 17th to 19th centuries.
Green is the color of the opposition Democratic Progressive Party, many supporters of which favor Taiwanese independence and try to keep their distance from China by not speaking in Mandarin.
“It seems that the government is positioning Taiwanese culture as a branch of the Chinese one,” Lin Chun-hsien, a spokesman of the DPP, told China Real Time. “Our culture is a hybrid. It has a very strong flavor of the Japanese, and also some traits of the Dutch and Spanish culture.”
Philip Yang, the head of the Government Information Office, said the Academy plan includes the development of a digital library on Taiwanese culture and will incorporate the non-Chinese part of the island’s culture. The centers are focused on Mandarin, he said, because “a major part of Taiwanese culture is inherited from the Chinese.”
Taiwan was first colonized by the Dutch, the Spanish and the Japanese, before the Kuomintang fled from China and took over the island some 60 years ago. Many Taiwanese also speak fluent Japanese, and many key government buildings — including the Presidential House — were built by the Japanese during the occupation. To boot, there are also many aboriginal populations who have inhabited the island for centuries and maintain a culture completely disparate from China’s.
Projecting a digestible explanation of what it means to be Taiwanese to an international audience will undoubtedly be a challenge, politically as well as practically. Whether the Taiwan Academies will be able to succeed at that while also competing with the Confucius Institutes, which have the advantage of only needing to represent the interests of Beijing, remains to be seen. “那就是：到底什么才是台湾文化。”
我也正想问这个问题呢~
台湾文化:o????? 莫名其妙，台湾在文化领域还要搞分裂。 就凭那点子殖民地文化也妄称台湾文化，可怜啊～～～ 哈哈哈.台湾文化.是教人怎么做乖狗的吗？ 东施效颦？ - -我也想问，台湾文化到底是啥……
文化呢应该是有的，中国地域辽阔，从南到北文化风俗有成千上百种。
但如果要单独开课……台湾难道不会尴尬吗…………毕竟，国学国粹一类，起源还是在大陆吧。生活习俗或许不同，但是狭义上的文化，诗词歌赋语言文字，还是同宗同源。台湾学院和孔子学院竞争，个人不怎么看好…… 福摩沙人就是11区亚种，侵占中国领土。
将来必然被中国人驱逐并消灭，就跟羌、党项一样。 …………对呆丸有兴趣的自然会去呆丸书院，对大陆有兴趣的去孔子学院，简单嘛。然后就是比拼是呆丸比大陆吸引人还是大陆比呆丸吸引人了。 台湾人，有时真的让人可怜，可叹，可气，可恨。。 首先，这作者的常识有误啊！“例如，在台湾用于招呼餐厅女服务员的用语――小姐――在中国大陆通常是妓女的委婉说法。”这个太主观了吧。。在正式场合大陆还是会称年轻女性为小姐嘛。。。我们这里在饭店招呼女服务员时或者大街上找年轻女性问路求助时候喊小姐也没啥问题啊。。这个关键还是看喊的时候的语气吧，语气轻薄的话，就是喊夫人女士也会被人听来跟喊妓女差不多吧！
其次，什么叫做“只代表北京利益的孔子学院”啊？那台湾学院代表的谁的利益？那华人文化的利益是谁代表的？台湾学院吗？孔子学院就一定不行吗？谁规定的？作者吗？
最后，不好意思斗胆向译者提点小意见：Traditional Chinese characters这句，个人觉得Traditional是不是翻译成传统的好些，如传统汉字，传统中文。叫正体中文的话总觉得大陆语文不就成了偏体别体了。。。觉得怪怪的。。。虽说我很喜欢繁体字。:P 如果有中华文明的内核，那么无论台湾书院还是孔子学院，必将殊途同归，而如果失去或背离这内核，将只是僵尸而已！ 晕，台湾人丢人丢的还不够么？ 蚍蜉撼大树 可笑不自量····{:soso_e142:} 台湾文化……求解 在那之前，台湾就被日本、西班牙和荷兰据为殖民地。
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可耻，难道中国对台湾几千年的经营都被无视了吗？无耻的西媒。 0多年前国民党从中国逃至台湾，在那之前，台湾就被日本、西班牙和荷兰据为殖民地。许多台湾人能讲流利的日语，许多关键政府建筑――包括总统府――都是由日本人建造。此外，还有为数众多的原住民，他们已经在岛上生活了几个世纪，并保留了与中国完全不同的文化。 台湾的不同文化还没有融合完成，看看民进党和国民党所代表的不同族群就知道了 台式国语和正体中文？哈哈
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