与中华人民共和国有关的军事与安全发展2011英文全文全文
本帖最后由 diver18 于 2011-8-25 15:18 编辑注意：中英文不对应！
与中华人民共和国有关的军事与安全发展2011（英文）全文
http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/2011_CMPR_Final.pdf
共94页，想做研究的朋友，可做参考，我觉得在中文世界里该是N+1首发吧
China Report Notes Military Modernization
By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service
http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=65130
WASHINGTON, Aug. 24, 2011 – China’s military is modernizing, but the Chinese government needs to be more forthcoming on why it needs these new capabilities, according to a Defense Department report delivered to Congress today.
Michael Schiffer, deputy assistant secretary of defense for East Asia, briefed Pentagon reporters on the report.
“The United States welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful China that contributes to international rules and norms and enhances security and peace both in the Asia-Pacific region and around the globe,” Schiffer said.
The United States is working to engage China in economic, peacekeeping and humanitarian areas, among others, Schiffer said. A good military-to-military relationship is one part of that engagement, he added, noting that China is working with the international community, for example, to counter piracy off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden. The Chinese military also has contributed to earthquake relief in Pakistan and played a role in delivering humanitarian aid to Haiti, he said.
“However,” he added, “the pace and scope of China's sustained military investment have allowed China to pursue capabilities that we believe are potentially destabilizing to regional military balances, increase the risk of misunderstanding and miscalculation, and may contribute to regional tensions and anxieties.”
The capabilities could pose a temptation for the Chinese government to use military force “to gain diplomatic advantage, advance its interests, or resolve … disputes in its favor,” Schiffer said. This danger, he told reporters, re-emphasizes the need for a sustained and reliable military-to-military dialogue between the United States and China.
China’s army is on track to realize its goal of building a modern, regionally focused military by 2020, the report says. But China’s ability to sustain military power at a distance today remains limited.
This may change shortly, Schiffer said. This month, China has conducted sea trials of a Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier it purchased from Ukraine and refurbished.
“The aircraft carrier could become operationally available to China’s navy by the end of 2012, we assess, but without aircraft,” Schiffer said. “It will take a number of additional years for an air group to achieve the sort of minimal level of combat capability aboard the carrier that will be necessary for them to start to operate from the carrier itself.”
The Chinese continue to invest in submarines, and China’s navy is investing in new surface combatants designed for anti-surface and anti-air warfare, Schiffer said, and construction of a major naval base on Hainan Island is complete. “And this base, we assess, is large enough to accommodate a mix of ballistic missiles, submarines and large surface combatants, including aircraft carriers,” he added.
China is also investing in aircraft and missiles. In January, the Chinese air force flight-tested its next-generation fighter prototype. The aircraft includes stealth attributes, advanced avionics and supercruise-capable engines, Schiffer said.
Space also is a focus of China’s military modernization, with a record 15 launches in 2010.
While relations with Taiwan and China have improved markedly in most areas, Schiffer said, the Chinese military still focuses on a cross-strait contingency. China also seems to be stressing maritime territorial claims in the South China Sea – an area where roughly 50 percent of the world’s trade travels.
The Chinese military also has demonstrated in recent years the capability to conduct limited peacetime deployments of modern forces outside Asia.
“This includes multiple counterpiracy deployments to the Gulf of Aden and increasing participation in international humanitarian and disaster … relief efforts,” Schiffer said. “Investments in large amphibious ships, a new hospital ship, long-range transport aircraft and improved logistics have made these sorts of missions a practical reality.” These peacetime operations provide China’s military with a valuable operational experience and also serve the government’s diplomatic objectives, he added.
The modernization shows no sign of slowing, the report says, as the Chinese military received a 12.7 percent budget increase this year. The report acknowledges the difficulty in figuring how much China spends on its military, but estimates it at around $165 billion. “That continues more than two decades of sustained budgetary growth,” Schiffer told reporters.
The Chinese have made some incremental improvements in transparency in recent years, he said, but a number of uncertainties remain.
“We will continue, and we do continue, to encourage China to improve transparency and openness, to act in ways that support and strengthen common political, economic and diplomatic interests of the region and of the international community,” Schiffer said.
In the past, the Chinese have objected to the release of the report. Schiffer said he hopes the Chinese government and military will look at it differently this year.
“The report can best be read not simply as a piece of analysis, but really as the sets of questions and issues that we would like to be able to engage in dialogue and discussion with our Chinese counterparts about,” he said. “These are the questions and the issues that we think that it's important for us to be able to understand.
“We know our Chinese friends have questions for and about us,” he continued, “and that's the sort of dialogue and discussion that we welcome and that we think contributes to regional and global security and stability.”
美国公布中国军事和安全发展报告
2011年08月25日
http://news.xinhuanet.com/2011-08/25/c_121908249.htm
新华网华盛顿８月２４日电（记者王丰丰 杜静）美国国防部２４日公布年度《与中华人民共和国有关的军事与安全发展》报告，承认并欢迎中国对国际安全作出的贡献。但报告同时也无视中国的防御性国防政策，称中国在如何使用新增的国防能力上仍然存在不确定性。
报告说，美国承认并欢迎中国在创造安全的国际环境上作出的贡献。随着中国经济逐渐融入全球经济，与中国开展合作的益处不断扩大，尤其在海事领域。美方认为，加强与中方的军事关系对充分利用这种合作机会和降低各种风险尤其重要。
报告认为，中方在加强军事与安全问题的透明度上有一定提高，但美方仍然认为中国在如何使用新增的国防能力上存在不确定性。报告称，尽管中方扩大的军事能力可以用于推动合作，达成共同目标，但也可能增加误解甚至误判的可能性。
报告专门提到中国军方对新武器与新技术的开发与运用，称经过连续１０年的积极投资与开发，中国军方的不少现代系统已进入成熟期，另外一些系统也可能在未来数年投入使用。对中国军方而言，２０１１年至２０２０年将极为关键，因为在这１０年间，中国军方将试图整合各种新系统与复杂平台，并采用现代行动理念。
除此之外，这份报告还涉及中国海军战略发展、中美军事交往等内容。报告由美国国防部撰写，按照美国相关法律要求提供给国会。
中国早在２００５年就发表了《中国的和平发展道路》白皮书，表明了中国政府和中国人民对和平发展的郑重选择和庄严承诺。今年３月，《２０１０年中国的国防》白皮书发表。国防部外事办公室主任钱利华说，白皮书阐述了中国对国际安全形势的战略判断，介绍国防和军队建设的新发展，宣示中国坚持走和平发展道路和奉行防御性国防政策的坚定决心。 說到底美國人發動戰爭的對象往往是以不直接接觸為主，這樣的好處是降低了傷亡，但是增添了一筆龐大的軍事費用。美國人的最終目的是保持霸權，維護他的繁榮，可問題是面對中國這樣體制的國家，他那套不管用。 报告的全文一楼我已经给了，有心的人应该可以刨出些东西来（我是无力）。
以下是环球基于报告挖出的“中国军力报告称巨浪-2研发所遇困难超美意料”，昨今日红遍全球华媒。
报告13-14页
China continues to produce a new class of
nuclear-powered ballistic missile
submarine (SSBN).JIN-class (Type 094)
SSBNs will eventually carry the JL-2
submarine-launched ballistic missile with
an estimated range of some7,400 km.
The JIN and the JL-2 will give the PLA
Navy its first credible sea-based nuclear
capability. AlthoughDoD initially
forecast the JL-2 would reach IOC by
2010, the program has faced repeated
delays.
环球网记者谭利娅报道，据外媒8月25日报道，美国五角大楼24日公布了2011年度中国军力发展报告，其中对中国的海军力量的发展予以高度关注。报告尽管强调了中国海军力量的发展，但也认为其未来还面临诸多困难，并表示中国若要向地区以外的海域投放军事力量，在短期内仍会面临很大困难。
报告称，中国目前一直在为实现部署一支海基核威慑力量而持续努力。尽管中国海军已获得了“晋”级弹道导弹核潜艇，但在研发“巨浪-2”武器体系方面遇到“重重困难”。该体系没有像美国国防部预想的那样在2010年具备初始作战能力。
http://mil.huanqiu.com/Observation/2011-08/1949055.html 环球译的：美国国防部公布2011年中国军力报告http://mil.huanqiu.com/china/2011-08/1946084.html
报告中的图被分开放到这里，干吗不和在一起？http://mil.huanqiu.com/photo/newpic/2011-08/1946446.html
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还没详细看，但缺少以下两个特别话题（各方势力 要 集中火力关注了！）。
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHINA’S EVOLVING MARITIME STRATEGY
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHINA’S MILITARY ENGAGEMENT
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