【 纽约时报110916】中国紧控稀土资源
本帖最后由 aokai 于 2011-9-23 23:46 编辑【中文标题】中国紧控稀土资源
【原文标题】China Consolidates Grip on Rare Earths
【刊载媒体】纽约时报
【刊载日期】2011.9.16
【原文链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=3194971&page=1#pid4948061
【译者】逆卷炎灵（三流翻译，请多指教）
【声明】本文供Anti-CNN/ACCN使用，未经译者或AC同意，谢绝转载；谢谢合作。
BEIJING — In the name of fighting pollution, China has sent the price of compact fluorescent light bulbs soaring in the United States.
北京——中国以控制污染的名义，加紧控制稀土资源，导致美国节能荧光灯价格猛增。
By closing or nationalizing dozens of the producers of rare earth metals — which are used in energy-efficient bulbs and many other green-energy products — China is temporarily shutting down most of the industry and crimping the global supply of the vital resources.
稀土用于绿色节能灯以及其他许多绿色节能产品，中国通过关闭、国有化手段叫停了许多稀土工厂，这使全球稀有资源供给紧俏。
China produces nearly 95 percent of the world’s rare earth materials, and it is taking the steps to improve pollution controls in a notoriously toxic mining and processing industry. But the moves also have potential international trade implications and have started yet another round of price increases for rare earths, which are vital for green-energy products including giant wind turbines, hybrid gasoline-electric cars and compact fluorescent bulbs.
中国生产全球将近95%的稀土材料，最近对一些臭名昭著有毒矿业、加工工业采取措施，控制污染。但是这些措施会对国际贸易产生潜在的影响，它已经引起了新一轮的稀土价格上涨，这对绿色节能产品包括巨型风力涡轮机、油电混合动力车、节能荧光灯来说，都影响重大。
General Electric, facing complaints in the United States about rising prices for its compact fluorescent bulbs, recently noted in a statement that if the rate of inflation over the last 12 months on the rare earth element europium oxide had been applied to a $2 cup of coffee, that coffee would now cost $24.55.
面对对节能灯价格上涨的抱怨，美国通用电气公司在最近的一份声明中提到，如果把去年12个月稀土元素氧化铕的通货膨胀率放到2美元一杯的咖啡身上，那杯咖啡现在就要花24.55美元了。
An 11-watt G.E. compact fluorescent bulb — the lighting equivalent of a 40-watt incandescent bulb — was priced on Thursday at $15.88 on Wal-Mart’s Web site for pickup in a Nashville, Ark., store. The average price for fluorescent bulbs has risen 37 percent this year, according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
11瓦的通电节能灯，照明度相当于40瓦的白炽灯。周二，这种灯泡在沃尔玛那什维尔阿卡店的网站上标价15.88美元。据国家电气制造协会称，今年荧光灯泡平均价格上涨了37%。
Wal-Mart, which has made a big push for compact fluorescent bulbs, acknowledged that it needed to raise prices on some brands lately. “Obviously we don’t want to pass along price increases to our customers, but occasionally market conditions require it,” Tara Raddohl, a spokeswoman, said. The Chinese actions on rare earths were a prime topic of conversation at a conference here on Thursday that was organized by Metal-Pages, an industry data firm based in London.
沃尔玛曾经大力推进节能灯，而最近才意识到一些牌子需要涨价了。发言人塔拉·多拉（Tara Raddohl）说：“很显然我们才不想对消费者涨价，但是市场条件摆在那里，没办法。”周二，基地在伦敦的工业数据公司——英国金属网组织的一次会议上，中国对稀土控制成了最热门的话题。
Soaring prices are rippling through a long list of industries.
许多工业产品鱼贯涨价。
“The high cost of rare earths is having a significant chilling effect on wind turbine and electric motor production in spite of offsetting government subsidies for green tech products,” said one of the conference attendees, Michael N. Silver, chairman and chief executive of American Elements, a chemical company based in Los Angeles. It supplies rare earths and other high-tech materials to businesses.
其中一名与会人员，基地在洛杉矶的化工公司“美国元素”的主席兼首席执行官迈克尔·N·银（Michael N. Silver）说道：“尽管有政府对绿色产业的补贴，稀土高价对风力涡轮机、电动机产品依然产生了很强的寒蝉效应。”
But with light bulbs, especially, the timing of the latest price increases is politically awkward for the lighting industry and for environmentalists who backed a shift to energy-efficient lighting.
但是，就电灯泡来说，近期的涨价对照明工业、环保人士来说是一种莫大的政治讽刺，他们转身投入绿色节能灯的怀抱，而它却涨价了。
In January, legislation that President George W. Bush signed into law in 2007 will begin phasing out traditional incandescent bulbs in favor of spiral compact fluorescent bulbs and other technologies. The European Union has also mandated a switch from incandescent bulbs to energy-efficient lighting.
乔治布什总统在2007年2月签署了一项法案，要逐步淘汰传统的白炽灯，推广螺旋式的节能荧光灯等技术。欧盟也曾授权推广节能灯，替换旧的白炽灯。
Representative Michele Bachmann of Minnesota is running for the Republican presidential nomination on a platform that includes strong opposition to the new lighting rules in the United States and has been a leader of efforts by House Republicans to repeal it.
众议员米歇尔·巴赫曼（Michele Bachmann）正在努力争取共和党总统提名，他所在的竞选平台对美国新的照明规则强烈反对，并且是众议院共和党议员中致力反对该法案的领导者。
China says it has largely shut down its rare earth industry for three months to address pollution problems. By invoking environmental concerns, China could potentially try to circumvent international trade rules that are supposed to prohibit export restrictions of vital materials.
中国称其大量关闭稀土工厂三个月，以解决污染问题。有国际贸易规则禁止一国限制重要资源的出口，中国可能以环境保护这个借口绕过这些规则。
In July, the European Union said in a statement on rare earth policy that the organization supported efforts to protect the environment, but that discrimination against foreign buyers of rare earths was not allowed under World Trade Organization rules.
7月，欧盟在一份声明称表达了自己的政策，欧盟组织会尽力保护环境，但在稀土交易上针对外国买家歧视，这种行为在WTO规则下是不容许的。
China has been imposing tariffs and quotas on its rare earth exports for several years, curtailing global supplies and forcing prices to rise eightfold to fortyfold during that period for the various 17 rare earth elements.
中国已经对稀土出口强加关税，贸易限额好几年，这减少了全球供应，迫使17种稀土元素价格在这段时间里从8倍涨到了40倍。
Even before this latest move by China, the United States and the European Union were preparing to file a case at the W.T.O. this winter that would challenge Chinese export taxes and export quotas on rare earths.
面对最近中国的举动，美国及欧盟正在准备文件，在这个冬天向WTO起诉中国。这将会撼动中国的稀土出口税、出口限额。
Chinese officials here at the conference said the government was worried about polluted water, polluted air and radioactive residues from the rare earth industry, particularly among many small and private companies, some of which operate without the proper licenses. While rare earths themselves are not radioactive, they are always found in ore containing radioactive thorium and require careful handling and processing to avoid contaminating the environment.
中国官方在会议上称，中国政府十分担心水污染、大气污染以及稀土工业的放射性残骸，尤其是那些小的私有公司，他们之中有些没合适的营业执照。尽管稀土本身并不具有放射性，但稀土多存在于含有放射性钍矿中，必须小心处理加工才能防止环境污染。
Most of the country’s rare earth factories have been closed since early August, including those under government control, to allow for installation of pollution control equipment that must be in place by Oct. 1, executives and regulators said.
监管机构称，大多数的稀土工厂早在8月份就关闭了，包括一些政府控制的企业，工厂必须在10月1之前配备污染控制设备。
The government is determined to clean up the industry, said Xu Xu, chairman of the China Chamber of Commerce of Metals, Minerals and Chemicals Importers and Exporters, a government-controlled group that oversees the rare earth industry. “The entrepreneurs don’t care about environmental problems, don’t care about labor problems and don’t care about their social responsibility,” he said. “And now we have to educate them.”
中国五矿化工进出口商会（政府控制的海外稀土工业）会长徐旭称，政府决心整治稀土工业，他说：“企业家们不关心环境问题，不关心劳工问题，不知道他们的社会责任。现在我们来教育他们。”
Beijing authorities are creating a single government-controlled monopoly, Bao Gang Rare Earth, to mine and process ore in northern China, the region that accounts for two-thirds of China’s output. The government is ordering 31 mostly private rare earth processing companies to close this year in that region and is forcing four other companies into mergers with Bao Gang, said Li Zhong, the vice general manager of Bao Gang Rare Earth.
宝钢稀土副总经理李忠说道，北京政府在建立一个政府控制垄断的企业，宝钢稀土，在中国北部开采加工矿石，这个地区占到中国出口总额的2/3。这一年，中国政府命令这个地区的31家主要的私营稀土加工公司关闭，强迫其他四家公司与宝钢兼并。
The government also plans to consolidate 80 percent of the production from southern China, which produces the rest of China’s rare earths, into three companies within the next year or two, Mr. Li said. All three of these companies are former ministries of the Chinese government that were spun out as corporations, and the central government still owns most of the shares.
李忠先生说道，政府还在计划整合中国北部80%的生产者，在两到三年里合并成三家公司，负责剩余的稀土生产。这三家公司都是由政府事业部门改制而来的公司，而且中央政府依然持有大部分股份。
The taxes and quotas China had in place to restrict rare earth exports caused many companies to move their factories to China from the United States and Europe so that they could secure a reliable and inexpensive source of raw materials.
由于中国对稀土强加税收、限额，限制出口，许多公司把他们的工厂从欧美迁到中国，这样他们就可以放心得到便宜可靠的原材料。
China promised when it joined the W.T.O. in 2001 that it would not restrict exports except for a handful of obscure materials. Rare earths were not among the exceptions.
中国在2001年加入WTO时承诺不会限制稀有资源的出口。而稀土资源则让人出乎意料。
But even if the W.T.O. orders China to dismantle its export tariffs and quotas, the industry consolidation now under way could enable China to retain tight control over exports and continue to put pressure on foreign companies to relocate to China.
但是，即便WTO命令中国解除出口税和限额，正在进行的产业合并可以让中国保留出口控制能力，继续对外国公司施压，迫使他们迁移至中国。
The four state-owned companies might limit sales to foreign buyers, a tactic that would be hard to address through the W.T.O., Western trade officials said.
西方贸易官员说，四家国有公司可以对外国买家限制限售额，而这种策略很难通过WTO应对。
Hedge funds and other speculators have been buying and hoarding rare earths this year, with prices rising particularly quickly through early August, and dipping since then as some have sold their inventories to take profits, said Constantine Karayannopoulos, the chief executive of Neo Material Technologies, a Canadian company that is one of the largest processors in China of raw rare earths.
中国最大的稀土生产商之一，加拿大新材料科技公司（Neo Material Technologies）首席执行官康斯坦丁·卡拉亚诺保洛斯(Constantine Karayannopoulos)说道，今年，风险基金和一些投机者已经开始购买囤积稀土，随着8月份以来的价格飞涨，他们卖掉存货，捞了一笔。
“The real hot money got into the industry building neodymium and europium inventories in Shanghai warehouses,” he said.
他说：“真正的热钱投到了稀土产业上，增加了上海钕和铕的库存”。
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国际交往就是赤裸裸的利益，血淋淋的竞争
民主？自由？和平？公平？正义？环保？
这些虚无的概念和意识形态就是用来哄傻子的
看不透现实的才会被洗脑
在利益冲突面前，请坚定不移地站在自己国家这边
本帖最后由 silenthowl 于 2011-9-24 08:52 编辑
如同铁矿石一样，咱也有定价权了...{:soso__12636303319919066054_1:} 美国节能灯不便宜啊，11瓦的要90块，我买的国产5瓦才10块，飞利浦也就20吧。 一定要减少出口 很好。 价格上涨1000倍，人民币结算的话...可以敞开出口哦;P 对美国军火商进行制裁，规定美国不能把从中国进口的稀土用作军事目的，并接受中国的核查 严控稀土出口，直至彻底禁止。
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