【彭博社111013】温州危机蔓延 中国帮小企业渡难关
【中文标题】温州小型企业倒闭风险扩大，中国政府向其提供援助【原文标题】China Offers Help to Small Companies as Wenzhou Collapse Risks Spreading
【登载媒体】彭博社
【来源地址】http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-13/china-offers-loan-tax-help-to-small-companies-as-wenzhou-risks-spreading.html
【译 者】sophie1125
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】
图为中国总理温家宝摄影师：米歇尔Tantussi/彭博
10月12日（彭博）香港联昌国际证券有限公司的高级副总裁兼政治分析员龙宝莲在彭博电视台“亚洲在行动”节目中与Rishaad Salamat讨论了美国参议院通过关于惩罚中国人民币汇率低估的法案以及中国的经济前景。（资料来源：彭博）
10月12日（彭博）汇丰银行的中国股票分析主管Steven Sun在彭博电视台“亚洲在行动”节目中与Rishaad Salamat 谈论了关于国家股票、经济、中央银行的货币政策以及中国的银行业状况。持有在全国最大的银行的政府股份的中央汇金投资有限公司表示本周开始将入股中国工商银行、建设银行、农业银行还有中国银行。
在温州市的厂家在日益突出的经济风险中崩溃后，中国政府宣布了一揽子措施以帮助这些小型企业，其中包括减税和降低银行贷款门槛。
国务院总理温家宝主持会议后，昨日国务院在一份声明中表示政府将提供资金支持并对小型企业的实行税收优惠政策，而政府对小型企业贷款的不良贷款比率将更加宽容。
在本月的公共假期期间温家宝参观了浙江省温州市，他敦促为中小型企业提供更多的支持。根据这份声明，小型企业在创造就业机会，技术创新和维持社会稳定中发挥着不可替代的作用，其中一些面临资金困难和税收负担的企业“应予以高度重视”。
“这些措施不可能整顿整个中小型企业的融资系统，但它们却是帮助中小企业朝着正确方向发展使其应对当前的货币紧缩和不断上升的外部需求的不确定性的有效措施。”美国银行的一位香港经济学家鲁汀在今天一份调查报告中写道。“如果中央和当地政府不采取措施进行干预，温州的民间借贷危机有可能会恶化。”
媒体借温州工厂业主未能偿债务给那些还不安的投资者而逃逸的事件炒作关于中国银行的资产质量及增长放缓的中国楼市，瑞士银行（UBS AG）在10月11日的报告中说。其经纪人说温州是一座以活跃的私营企业，非银行借贷及投机性投资而闻名的城市。
非正式贷款
信贷紧缩政策已迫使较小的制造商寻求通过非正规渠道的贷款。过高的借贷利率促使温州人给民办非银行贷款人可以收取的利率设定上限以控制银行业的风险。
根据彭博调查，领先在本月内公布的数据显示中国第三季度的经济增长由第二季度的9.5%放缓至9.2%，9月的消费物价，出口和进口的收益都有所放缓。
昨日的声明还指出政府将减免小型企业收入税一直到2015年底，并且鼓励银行贷款降低对不良贷款和风险权重的要求。
低利率
根据声明，中国将为中小金融机构保持“相对较低”的准备金率，而向小型企业贷款的增长不应该慢于银行的整体信贷扩张速度。
监管机构将“适当地”更宽容地对待小企业贷款的不良贷款比率，这里声明没有具体的说明。政府亦旨在扩大小企业的债券销售并“严格限制”银行向他们收取咨询费。
中国人民银行在其八月公布的第二季度的报告显示，尽管有些企业面对经营困难，及由于原材料价格上涨和劳动力成本提高和旨在打击通货膨胀的贷款限制引起的资金获得困难，但在中国的中小型企业中并没有掀起“封”波。
中国今年已三次上调利率，并下令银行预留更大一部分的存款来抑制通货膨胀，经营近三年来的新高。
根据瑞士信贷表明，由于小型企业和开放商转向民营企业家和个人借贷的利率约6%到8%，紧缩货币政策和更小的贷款配额导致了今年的非正式贷款激增50%。
国家银行业监管机构昨日表示，中国计划在2012年1月1日，对银行的流动性实施新的法规，以帮助贷方应对资金困难造成的潜在冲击。
Wen Jiabao, China's premier. Photographer: Michele Tantussi/Bloomberg
Oct. 12 (Bloomberg) -- Pauline Loong, senior vice president and political analyst at CIMB Securities (HK) Ltd., talks about the U.S. Senate's passage of legislation punishing China for its undervalued currency. Loong also discusses China's economic outlook. She speaks with Rishaad Salamat on Bloomberg Television's "On the Move Asia." (Source: Bloomberg)
Oct. 12 (Bloomberg) -- Steven Sun, head of China equity strategy at HSBC Holdings Plc, talks about the nation's stocks, economy, and central bank monetary policy. Sun also discusses China's banking industry. Central Huijin Investment Co., which holds the government’s stakes in the nation’s largest banks, said this week it began buying shares in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd., China Construction Bank Corp., Agricultural Bank of China Ltd. and Bank of China Ltd. Sun speaks with Rishaad Salamat on Bloomberg Television's "On the Move Asia." (Source: Bloomberg)
China announced a package of measures to help small companies, including tax breaks and easier access to bank loans, after the collapse of manufacturers in Wenzhou city highlighted growing risks to the economy.
The government will provide financial support and preferential tax policies for small companies, the State Council said in a statement yesterday, after a meeting at which Premier Wen Jiabao presided. The government will be more tolerant of bad loan ratios for small-company loans, the Cabinet said.
Small companies play an “irreplaceable” role in job creation, technical innovation and social stability, and the funding difficulties and tax burdens facing some of them “deserve high attention,” according to the statement. The support comes after Wen visited Wenzhou in Zhejiang province during a public holiday this month, urging greater support for small- and medium-sized companies.
“These measures are not likely to revamp the entire system for SME financing, but they are long-awaited measures in the right direction to help China’s small business cope with the current monetary tightening and rising uncertainties of external demand,” Lu Ting, a Hong Kong-based economist at Bank of America Corp. who is currently in Wenzhou, wrote in a research report today. “The private lending woes in Wenzhou could potentially worsen if the local government and Beijing do not take steps to intervene.”
Media “hype” surrounding reports of Wenzhou factory owners fleeing after failing to pay debts unnerved investors concerned about Chinese banks’ asset quality and a slowdown in the property market, UBS AG said in an Oct. 11 report. The city is known for a “vibrant private sector,” non-bank lending, and speculative investment in property, the brokerage said.
Informal Lending
Tighter credit policies have forced smaller manufacturers to seek loans through informal channels. Excessively high lending rates prompted Wenzhou to set an upper limit on the interest rates that private non-bank lenders can charge, in an effort to control risk in the banking industry.
China’s economic growth slowed to 9.2 percent in the third quarter from 9.5 percent in the second, while gains in consumer prices, exports and imports slowed in September, according to Bloomberg surveys ahead of data to be released this month.
The government will extend income-tax breaks for small businesses until the end of 2015 and encourage bank lending by lowering requirements on bad loans and risk weightings, yesterday’s statement said.
Low Ratios
China will maintain “relatively low” reserve ratios for small financial institutions, and the growth in lending to small companies should not be slower than banks’ overall credit expansion, according to the statement.
Regulators will be “appropriately” more tolerant of bad- loan ratios for small company loans, the statement said without being specific. The government also seeks to expand bond sales by small businesses and “strictly restrict” advisory fees banks charge them.
There hasn’t been waves of closures among small and medium- sized companies in China, although some face difficulties operating and obtaining funding partly because of rising raw material and labor costs and lending curbs aimed at fighting inflation, the People’s Bank of China said in its second-quarter report released in August.
China has raised interest rates three times this year and ordered lenders to set aside a bigger portion of their deposits to curb inflation, running near a three-year high.
Monetary tightening and smaller loan quotas have led to a 50 percent surge in informal lending this year as small businesses and developers turned to state-owned companies, private entrepreneurs and individuals for loans at interest rates of 6 percent to 8 percent, according to Credit Suisse.
China plans to implement new rules on bank liquidity on Jan. 1, 2012, to help lenders cope with potential shocks caused by funding difficulties, the nation’s banking regulator said yesterday.
就怕上有政策下有对策。。。银行还是不愿给小企业贷款 扬汤止沸？
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