【纽约时报 111019】中国低调纪念阵亡将士
本帖最后由 yusuf1124 于 2011-10-24 11:39 编辑【中文标题】中国低调纪念阵亡将士
【原文标题】China Honors Its War Dead, but Quietly
【登载媒体】The New York Times
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/20/world/asia/20iht-letter20.html?ref=china
【译 者】yusuf1124
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】BEIJING — They are the remains of a long-obscure history only now coming to light: about 300,000 Chinese war dead who have lain overseas for decades in often crumbling graves or inaccessible memorials. Their neglect is the product of the enmity between Chinese Communists and Nationalists and of the secrecy surrounding later conflicts, when Communist soldiers fought the United States, France, the United Nations and South Vietnam, sometimes under cover.
北京--那些被遗忘的阵亡将士直到现在才被人所重新为人所知：几十年来，大约30万中国阵亡军人长眠于海外杂草丛生的坟墓或偏远的纪念馆。中国共产党和国民党的敌对关系，再加当时共产党军队时常秘密地同美国法国联合国和南越斗争时，后来冲突中所包含的机密，导致了他们被人们所忽视。
In August, for the first time, the Chinese government announced it wanted to improve the care of its military cemeteries abroad. In a decree mostly concerned with raising compensation for families of “martyrs,” the State Council said it would “protect” the sites and tasked the Civil Affairs and Foreign ministries with the job.
Experts said several factors lie behind this new interest, including China’s growing economic and military confidence, its desire to develop regions along its borders where the dead lie, a wish to foster patriotism and pressure from families who want to see at last where their loved ones died.
在八月份，中国政府首次声明将改善国外军人墓地的残破现状。在一项以提高烈士家属体恤金为主的法令中，国务院申明将保护那些遗址并把此项任务交由民政部和外交部处理。
专家称这举动背后有以下几项因素：中国快速增长的经济和更加自信的军事力量，发展与远征军将士所在墓地国家边境的意愿，培养爱国主义的意愿和来自那些想看望远征军最终长眠地方的家属的压力。
It has drawn both support and concern, with historians and ordinary citizens saying that, while the desire to commemorate war dead is understandable, it raises awkward questions over China’s growing assertiveness in territorial disputes with its eastern and southern neighbors.
“All governments are interested in preserving their overseas war graves,” Ge Shuya, an independent historian who has researched the China-Burma-India theater of World War II, said from his home in Yunnan Province, which borders Myanmar, as Burma is now known.
这举动得到了人们的支持和关注。历史学家和普通市民提到：尽管纪念远征军将士的意愿是可以理解的，但这举动也引发了关于同东部和南部邻国的领土争端中，中国日益增长的自信心的尴尬问题。
从事二战时期时缅印战区研究的独立历史学家，Ge Shuya 在与缅甸接壤的云南省的家里说道：“所有政府都有志于保护国外的军人墓地。”
Mr. Ge believes about 100,000 Chinese Nationalist soldiers died in Burma fighting the Japanese. Today, their graves are in a shambles, uncared for since 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists were defeated by Mao Zedong’s Communists in the civil war.
He said the plan showed the government was maturing from a “revolutionary” power to a “responsible” one.
“I think it’s already very late for China to be starting to care for these graves,” he said. “But I can understand that some foreigners have doubts given today’s international situation.”
Ge Shuya认为在缅甸大约有10万国民党军人死于同日本的战争。自1949年毛泽东领导的共产党在内战中把蒋介石领导的国民党击败后，那些墓地就一直处于残破状态，无人照管。
他说道此负责任的举动可以看出，政府在走向成熟。
Ge Shuya：“我认为中国现在才开始照管那些坟墓已经为时很晚。但是考虑到如今的国际形势，我能够理解一些外国人的疑惑。”
Some Chinese share those doubts, which center on whether China might resort to military force to back its territorial claims.
“That these new regulations are coming now is definitely connected to the situation in the South China Sea,” a person called Wujifeng wrote on the Tencent online discussion forum.
“Preparing to wage war?” wrote another, with the name Old Root.
一些中国人同样也怀有那些疑惑：中国是否会动用军事力量来索回领土。
一位名叫Wujifeng在腾讯在线讨论区写到：“这些最新出来的法规无疑跟南中国海的现状有关。”
以老根署名的网友写到：“准备发动战争？”
A recent article in Global Times, affiliated with the Communist Party mouthpiece People’s Daily, that urged China to wage “small wars” over territorial conflicts in the South China Sea, illustrated those concerns.
In Beijing last week, China and Vietnam pledged to improve ties strained by such disputes, which have seen Southeast Asian nations look increasingly to the United States for support.
A Civil Affairs Ministry spokesman who declined to give his name said he didn’t know exactly how many graves there were. The figure of 300,000 is collated from a report in the respected Southern Weekly newspaper and includes soldiers who died in Burma, India, the Koreas, Laos and Vietnam.
环球时报（隶属于有着共产党代言人之称的人民日报）中最近的一篇文章敦促中国对南中国海有争议的国家发动小型局部战争。这也验证了那些担忧。
中国和越南上周在北京许诺改善因南海主权争议紧张的关系。东南亚国家近来向美国寻求支持。
一位拒绝透漏姓名的民政部发言人说他不知道那里的墓地确切的有多少。阵亡的30万远征军包括死于缅甸，印度，韩朝，老挝和越南。30万这个数据是从有公信力的南都周刊的一份报告上整理得到的。
It does not include the dead of China’s 1979 war with Vietnam, who may number about 20,000. According to an article in Hong Kong’s South China Morning Post in June 1979, many of their bodies were transported home then, in red coffins for those shot in the front, to indicate a hero, and green coffins for those shot in the back, to indicate a coward.
The plan is contained in Article 40 of the “Martyrs Praise Regulations,” State Council Order No. 601, promulgated on Aug. 1, the anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army. Work has already begun, quietly, via China’s overseas embassies, Phoenix Weekly and Southern Weekly reported.
这并不包括死于1979年中越战争的2万军人。根据1979年6月香港南华早报的一篇文章，那时很多一体被运回国。用红棺材装运那些正面被射杀的军人以示英雄，用绿棺材状元那些背面被射杀的军人以示懦夫。
于中国解放军建军节8月1号发表的国务院令第601号第40款“烈士荣誉条列”包含了这一计划。凤凰周刊和南方周末报道称这些工作已经通过中国驻外大使馆开始。
“This is a bit sensitive. There’s a lot of work to do. We haven’t really started yet,” said the ministry spokesman.
Yet something is happening: On Sept. 14, in a ceremony at a war memorial in Tengchong, Yunnan, the remains of 19 soldiers of the Nationalist Chinese Expeditionary Force who died in Burma during World War II were reburied in China, a first since the Communists seized power in 1949.
Photographs showed somber men in black suits and white gloves, under black umbrellas, carrying white urns. Black-and-white banners proclaimed “welcome home” to “loyal souls.”
发言人说：“这有点敏感。还有很多工作要做。我们确实尚未开始。”
然而有些事却正在发生：9月14号在云南腾冲战争纪念馆的一次典礼中，在二战中死于缅甸的19名国民党中国远征军遗体被重新安葬于中国。这是1949年共产党掌权以来的第一次。
照片显示：黑色雨伞下，身装黑色西装白色手套的人们神情肃穆，手持白色骨灰盒。黑白横幅写着恭迎烈士遗体回国。
“It was a very impressive performance,” said Andrew Festing, son of Field Marshal Sir Francis Festing, a commander in the Allies’ Burma campaign, who attended the ceremony.
“It was similar to what goes on in Britain with the national war graves,” Mr. Festing said, speaking by telephone from Britain.
盟军缅甸战役司令，陆军元帅Francis Festing之子Andrew Festing参加了这项典礼还称这典礼令人印象深刻。Festing先生从伦敦通过电话称：“这跟此刻英国国民战争墓地发生的相类似。”
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission of Britain memorializes 1.7 million dead in 2,500 sites around the world, including more than 2,000 Chinese, mostly members of the Chinese Labor Corps killed in France during World War I.
That evening in Tengchong, tens of thousands of people attended festivities described by Mr. Festing as “something like a cross between the Edinburgh Tattoo and a Nuremberg Rally.”
Tending World War II dead may be the easy part. Tending the dead of China’s later wars may be trickier; the history is deliberately shadowy.
英国联邦战争墓地委员会在全球范围内的2500个遗址上纪念了170万死难者。包括2000名在一战中死于法国的中国人。大多数来自中国劳工集团。
那天晚上，上万人在腾冲参加了庆祝仪式。Festing把它描述为“有点像爱丁堡军乐节和纽伦堡集会的合体”。
照料好二战阵亡者可能算是简单的。照料好死于中国后来一系列战争中的阵亡者可能就比较棘手。历史有意地被隐藏了。
According to Southern Weekly, of 320,000 Chinese soldiers, engineers and road builders sent by Mao to fight U.S. forces in Vietnam, most disguised as North Vietnamese, 1,446 are in graves maintained by the Vietnamese government.
China also wants to upgrade grave sites in Laos, where, starting in 1968, 269 soldiers were killed supporting North Vietnam, according to official military histories cited by Southern Weekly.
In 2009, Chen Qi, an engineer with a Yunnan construction company, stumbled across a graveyard of 81 Chinese soldiers in the Laotian jungle, the newspaper reported.
“I was shocked,” he said. He hadn’t known China had even been there
根据南方周末，被毛泽到派往越南去对抗美国的32万中国士兵，工程师和筑路工人大多伪装成北越人民。1446名中国人被安葬于由越南政府维护的墓地中。
中国同时也希望修葺位于老挝的墓地。据南方周末引用的官方军事历史，自1968年起，269名士兵在支持北越的战争中阵亡。
据报道，在2009年，云南建筑公司的工程师陈琦在老挝的丛林中偶然发现了埋葬有81名中国士兵的墓地。
他说道：“我被震惊了。”他从未知道中国士兵曾到过那里。
北约公布在利比亚地面战争时的伤亡名单了么？如果没有北约地面部队的介入，那些当初被卡扎菲政府军四处围剿的FZF武装怎么突然会像打了鸡血一样开始围剿卡扎菲武装来了? 这个我现在不去评论 、:L good!!!!!!
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