【纽约时报111116】美澳拓展军事关系刺激中国
本帖最后由 lilyma06 于 2011-11-17 11:27 编辑【中文标题】美澳拓展军事关系刺激中国
【原文标题】U.S. Expands Military Ties to Australia, Irritating China
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/17/world/asia/obama-and-gillard-expand-us-australia-military-ties.html?pagewanted=1
【译 者】 WilliamRUC
【翻译方式】 人工
【声 明】 欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】
CANBERRA, Australia — President Obama announced Wednesday that the United States planned to deploy 2,500 Marines in Australia to shore up alliances in Asia, but the move prompted a sharp response in Beijing, which accused Mr. Obama of escalating military tensions in the region.
The agreement with Australia amounts to the first long-term expansion of the American military’s presence in the Pacific since the end of the Vietnam War. It comes despite budget cuts facing the Pentagon and an increasingly worried reaction from Chinese leaders, who have argued that the United States is seeking to encircle China militarily and economically.
“It may not be quite appropriate to intensify and expand military alliances and may not be in the interest of countries within this region,” Liu Weimin, a Foreign Ministry spokesman, said in response to the announcement by Mr. Obama and Prime Minister Julia Gillard of Australia.
In an address to the Australian Parliament on Thursday morning, Mr. Obama said he had “made a deliberate and strategic decision — as a Pacific nation, the United States will play a larger and long-term role in shaping this region and its future.”
The president said the moves were not intended to isolate China, but were an unmistakable sign that the United States had grown more wary of its intentions.
澳大利亚堪培拉消息-美国总统奥巴马周三宣布美国计划在澳大利亚驻扎2500名陆战队员以帮助防御，但是这项举动引发了北京的激烈反应，指责奥巴马在这一地区造成军事紧张。
与澳大利亚的协定导致了自越战以后美军在太平洋海域的首次长期存在。尽管五角大楼的预算被削减，这项计划仍然被实施。中国领导人的担忧不断加深，认为美国寻求在军事和经济上包围中国。
“强化和扩大军事同盟是不是适合时宜之举，是不是符合地区国家乃至整个国际社会的共同期待，值得商榷”，外交部一位发言人刘为民称，响应奥巴马和吉拉德在澳大利亚的公开消息。
周四上午在澳大利亚议会演讲中，奥巴马称他“做了一个审慎和战略性的决定，作为一个太平洋国家，美国将在这一地区长期扮演更重要和角色”。
总统称这些举动并不为了孤立中国，而是美国更加警惕其意图的标志。
China has invested heavily in military modernization and has begun to deploy long-range aircraft and a more able deep-sea naval force, and it has asserted territorial claims to disputed islands that would give it broad sway over oil and gas rights in the East and South China Seas.
While the new military commitment is relatively modest, Mr. Obama has promoted it as the cornerstone of a strategy to confront more directly the challenge posed by China’s rapid advance as an economic and military power. He has also made some progress in creating a new Pacific free-trade zone that would give America’s free-market allies in the region some trading privileges that do not immediately extend to China.
Mr. Obama described the deployment as responding to the wishes of democratic allies in the region, from Japan to India. Some allies have expressed concerns that the United States, facing war fatigue and a slackened economy, will cede its leadership role to China.
The president said budget-cutting in Washington — and the inevitable squeeze on military spending — would not inhibit his ability to follow through. Defense cuts “will not — I repeat, will not — come at the expense of the Asia-Pacific,” he said.
中国在军事现代化不断加大投入，开始部署远程战机和深海海军力量。它对争议岛屿宣告主权，以获取东海与南海区域的油气资源。
尽管新的军事行动相对收敛，奥巴马将之视为遏制中国急速增长的经济与军事实力的基石。他还在新太平洋自由贸易区里做出了一些进展，让美国在这一地区自由贸易联盟的交易优势不立刻扩展到中国。
奥巴马将这一部署描述为回应该地区民主国家的需求，从日本到印度均如此。一些国家担心美国会因为战争疲劳和经济不振而在领导角色上输给中国。
总统称华盛顿的预算削减——和必然的军费挤压——不会影响贯彻上述措施的能力。国防预算削减“不会，我再重复一遍，不会以牺牲亚太为代价”，他说。
Some analysts in China and elsewhere say they fear the moves could backfire, risking a cold war-style standoff with China.
“I don’t think they’re going to be very happy,” said Mark Valencia, a Hawaii-based senior researcher at the National Bureau of Asian Affairs, who said the new policy was months in the making. “I’m not optimistic in the long run as to how this is going to wind up.”
The president is to fly north across the continent to Darwin, a frontier port and military outpost across the Timor Sea from Indonesia, which will be the center of operations for the coming deployment. The first 200 to 250 Marines will arrive next year, with forces rotating in and out and eventually building up to 2,500, the two leaders said.
The United States will not build new bases on the continent, but will use Australian facilities instead. Mr. Obama said that Marines would rotate through for joint training and exercises with Australians, and the American Air Force would have increased access to airfields in the nation’s Northern Territory.
“We’re going to be in a position to more effectively strengthen the security of both of our nations and this region,” he said.
一些在中国和其他地区的分析者认为行动可能走火，与中国造成冷战式的对峙。
“我不认为他们会高兴”， 位于夏威夷的国家亚洲事务研究院高级研究员Mark Valencia称，一项新政策会在几个月之内显现作用。“长期看，我对其未来的结果并不乐观。”
美国总统将飞往澳大利亚北部港口达尔文，它是面向印度帝汶海的重要军事港口，也将是未来军事部署的中心。两国领导人称，首批200至250名陆战队员将在明年抵达，随后不断增加到2500名。
美国不会在澳洲建设新的军事基地，而以使用澳大利亚的设施替代。奥巴马称陆战队会和澳大利亚军队轮流开展联合训练和演习，美国空军在该国北部也将获得扩大的航行权限。
他说：“我们将在两国和周边地区有效加强安全防卫。”
The United States has had military bases and large forces in Japan and South Korea, in the north Pacific, since the end of World War II, but its presence in Southeast Asia was greatly diminished in the early 1990s with the closing of major bases in the Philippines, at Clark Field and Subic Bay. The new arrangement with Australia will restore a substantial American footprint near the South China Sea, a major commercial route — including for American exports — that has been roiled by China’s disputed claims of control.
The United States and other Pacific Rim nations are also negotiating to create a free-trade bloc, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, that would not initially include China, the world’s largest exporter and producer of manufactured goods. The tentative trade agreement was a topic over the weekend in Honolulu, where Mr. Obama hosted the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and it will be discussed again later this week when he becomes the first American president to participate in the East Asia Summit, on the Indonesian island of Bali.
For China, the week’s developments could suggest both an economic and a military encirclement. Top leaders did not immediately comment on Mr. Obama’s speech, but Mr. Liu, the Foreign Ministry spokesman, emphasized that it was the United States, not China, seeking to use military power to influence events in Asia.
自二战结束以来，美国在北太平洋的日本和韩国拥有军事基地和较多兵力，但是它在东南亚的军事存在因为1990年代菲律宾克拉克和苏比克湾基地的关闭而减少。和澳大利亚的新计划将在南海留下潜在的美国脚印。南海是重要的航运路线，包括美国的出口在内，被中国的主权主张搅乱了。
美国和其他太平洋周边国家正在商谈建立一个自由贸易区，跨太平洋伙伴关系最初不包括中国，这一世界上最大的出口国和制造国。周末在檀香山的亚太经合组织会议上贸易协议被暂定为一个主题，美国首次参加的巴厘岛东亚峰会上将再次讨论这一话题。
对中国而言，本周的发展意味着经济和军事的合围。高层领导没有立刻评价奥巴马的讲话，但是外交部发言人刘为民强调是美国，而不是中国，寻求在亚洲重要事件中使用军事力量。
The Global Times, a state-run news organization known for its nationalist and bellicose commentaries, issued a stronger reaction in an editorial, saying that Australia should be cautious about allowing the United States to use bases there to “harm China” and that it risked getting “caught in the crossfire.”
Analysts say that Chinese leaders have been caught off guard by what they view as an American campaign to stir up discontent in the region. China may have miscalculated in recent years by restating longstanding territorial claims that would give it broad sway over development rights in the South China Sea, they say. But they argue that Beijing has not sought to project military power far beyond its shores, and has repeatedly proposed to resolve territorial disputes through negotiations.
The United States portrays itself as responding to a new Chinese assertiveness in the region that has alarmed core American allies. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton wrote a recent article in Foreign Policy laying out an expansive case for American involvement in Asia, and Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta characterized China’s military development as lacking transparency and criticized its assertiveness in the regional waters.
Mr. Obama reached out to China even as he announced the new troop deployment. “The notion that we fear China is mistaken; the notion that we are looking to exclude China is mistaken,” he said.
以民族主义和好战评论著称的《环球时报》在社论中提出强硬回应，说澳大利亚应该在允许美国使用基地之事上更谨慎，以避免“伤害中国”，并称其冒着“陷入困境”的危险。
分析家称中国领导人为美国在这一地区的行动感到猝不及防。中国可能重申长年的领土要求，以获得在南海更宽广的发展空间。但是他们认为北京不会在远离疆界的地方不熟军事力量，只会一再提出通过谈判解决领土争端。
美国称因为中国在让该地区的美国核心盟友担忧，因此有必要做出响应。国务卿希拉里最近在《外交政策》发表文章说美国会在亚洲扩张介入，国防部长帕内塔认为中国的军事发展缺乏透明度，指责其在周边海域过于嚣张。
奥巴马甚至在宣布新的部队部署时提到中国：“我们担心中国的想法是错误的，我们想要排斥中国的想法也是错误的。”
The president said that China would be welcomed into the new trade pact if Beijing was willing to meet the free-trade standards for membership. But such standards would require China to let its currency rise in value, to better protect foreign producers’ intellectual property rights and to limit or end subsidies to state-owned companies, all of which would require a major overhaul of China’s economic development strategy.
Mr. Obama canceled two previous planned trips to Australia because of domestic demands; he recalled Wednesday at a state dinner that he had visited the country twice as a boy, when his mother was working in Indonesia on development programs.
This time, as president, Mr. Obama arrived at Parliament House to a 21-gun salute and, once inside, to the enthusiastic greeting of Australians crowding the galleries of the vast marble entrance hall.
The two countries have been allies for decades, and cooperated closely in World War II, when there were several dozen American air and naval bases and army camps in the country and Australian combat troops served under American command.
Another purpose of Mr. Obama’s visit is to celebrate those ties. “The United States has no stronger ally,” Mr. Obama said.
Australians fought alongside the United States in every war of the 20th century, and more recently have served in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The war in Afghanistan has become increasingly unpopular here, though, and most Australians want their troops to come home immediately.
总统称，如果中国愿意满足自由贸易区成员的标准，那么欢迎中国加盟。但是这样的标准要求中国提升汇率，更好地保护外国产品的知识产权，限制或终止对国有企业的补贴，所有这些要求中国经济发展模式的大变样。
因为外交要求，奥巴马取消了之前两次访问澳大利亚的计划。他在周三的国宴上回想起少年时曾两次来到这个国家，当时他母亲在印度尼西亚为发展项目工作。
作为总统的这次，奥巴马抵达议会时受到了21响礼炮的欢迎，还受到了拥挤在广阔大理石门厅的澳大利亚人热情问候。
几十年来，两国就是盟国，在二战期间紧密合作。当时在澳大利亚有几十处美国海空军基地和陆军军营，澳大利亚的部队还受美国指挥。
奥巴马访问的另一项目的是纪念这些关系，奥巴马说：“美国再也没有更好的朋友了。”
在20世纪的每一场战役中，澳大利亚与美国都共同作战，最近在伊拉克和阿富汗也是如此。
但是，阿富汗战争在澳大利亚正变得越来越不受欢迎，大多数澳大利亚人希望他们的部队立刻撤退回国。
哼~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~·· 驻军澳大利亚了？ 这是中东的穆斯林女人和日韩的女学生都玩腻了，想强奸强奸澳洲女人换换口味了 :'( 本帖最后由 打倒帝国主义 于 2011-11-17 21:03 编辑
干嘛要让美帝国主义先在澳大利亚进驻军队啊？为什么我们天朝不赶在美帝国主义之前在澳大利亚驻军啊？哈哈哈{:soso_e113:} 中国的带路党最终会引狼入室的。
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