【赫芬顿邮报1117】中国在21世纪增长的经济力量
本帖最后由 某程 于 2011-11-19 22:35 编辑【中文标题】中国在21世纪增长的经济力量
【原文标题】China's Growing Economic Strength in the 21st Century
【登载媒体】赫芬顿邮报
【来源地址】http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nake-m-kamrany/chinas-growing-economic-s_b_1100416.html
【原文库地址】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-3239902-1-1.html
【译者】某程
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译文】
China's 12th five-year plan (2012-2017) has a targeted annual GDP growth rate of 7% and the development of renewable energy with an investment of $640 billion to constitute 15% of China's energy needs by the year 2020, building housing for 36 million families and the promotion of social equity and rural development.
China's overall prospects are explicated given specific caveat concerning China's distinctive pragmatic and cautious approach of implementing a market system along a political control by a one party system -- its longevity and stability will be subject to conjecture.
中国的十二五计划(2012-2017)，预计有7%的GDP每年增长速率以及到2020年时，在可持续能源中投入6400亿美元替代中国15%的能源需求，为3600万家庭解决住房问题以及提高社会和农村设备发展问题。
中国的整体前景阐述依赖于中国目前的特色市场体制都控制在一党执政的体系，执政党对变化控制敬小慎微。这种体制导致其寿命以及稳定性都只能靠猜想。
China's successful macroeconomic management during the2007-2009 global great recessions was marked by arapid recovery afterexports dropped by 18%causing 21 million workers to be laid off, but 98% readily found jobs as the economy bounced back up and the unemployment rate dropped to4% with a $586 billion stimulus package directed at creating employment. Given China's performance, it is estimated that its per capita income will converge to that of the United States by 2040.Its GDP is already second to that of the United States. China envisages a population of 1.39 by 2020.
在2007年到2009年全球经济衰退时期，中国显示了成功的宏观经济调控，当时出口率下降了18%导致2100万工人失业，但是98%的人又在经济复原时成功找到了工作，以及由于5860亿美元直接针对创造就业机会的投入，失业率下降到4%。鉴于中国的成绩，预计其居民个人收入在2040年将会达到美国居民收入。中国的国内生产总值已经位居全球第二仅在美国之后。中国预计在2020年将有1.39亿人口。
Along with these impressive goals comes a significant focal shift in regards to China's targets for sustainable energy with the purpose of environmental safety. These new objectives, which would not only bolster alternative energy research and development but could also cause a shift in the world's leading energy initiatives, have the potential to alter global energy markets over the next few decades. According to the plan, which was only recently approved by the National People's Congress, the Chinese government will for the first time provide subsidies to local governments to encourage foreign and domestic investment in renewable energy sources, primarily hydroelectric and wind. These efforts are in part of a greater mission to achieve a 15% energy output of non-fossil fuels by 2020, a goal that would rival those of both the EU and the United States.
接踵而来的变革还有有关中国的发展环境友好的可持续能源计划。这些新的计划，不仅将支持可替代能源研究和发展，而且也能在全球领先能源创新中引起新的变革，能够在将来的几十年潜在的改变全球能源市场。此计划在最近才被人民代表大会通过，依照此计划，中国政府将第一次为地方政府提供补贴，鼓励外资或者本地资金对新能源发展的投入，首先将在水力电气和风力行业。这些举措是为了达到在2020年15%的非化石能源目的，将与欧洲和美国的计划相匹敌。
This initiative, known as Strategic Emerging Industries, includes several sustainable energy developments with the goal of environmental protection and clean energy. The 12th 5-year plan's emphasis on establishing a global hub for the creation and development of renewable energy has the potential to radically transform the world's energy markets.
这项计划，也被称之为战略性新兴产业，包括为了达到环境友好型和清洁能源的目的而发展的若干可持续能源计划。这项十二五计划重点在于建立起可再生能源的创造和发展全球中心，有潜在根本的改本整个全球能源市场的可能性。
The goal of achieving 11.4% of non-fossil fuel energy consumption by 2015, followed by 15% in 2020, if achieved would essentially reshuffle global energy market. China could offer virtually unmatchable prices on alternative energy sources to the rest of the world decreasing global dependency on traditional oil producing nations.
如果实现了2015年非化石能源消耗达到11.4%的目标，以及2020年15%的目标，将会从根本上改组全球能源市场。中国将会在事实上为世界其他地区在可替代能源上提供无法与之匹敌的价格，减少全球对传统石油能源国家的依赖。
The reason this 5-year plan is so important is because of the repercussions it may have on both American and European alternative energy markets. In the previous 5-year plan, the Chinese government focused on establishing clean energy technologies such as solar, wind and biofuels. Presently, Chinese companies have emerged as leaders in both solar and wind power, due in part by the government injection of $309 billion to the industry during 2006-2011.
这次五年计划之所以如此重要是因为可替代能源的影响可能波及美国和欧洲。在上一个五年计划，中国政府注重于发展清洁能源技术，例如太阳能，风能和生物燃料。现在，中国公司在太阳能和风能上都显示出了领先地位，部分是由于政府在2006年到2011年时注入了3090亿美元的资金。
By increasing investment in non-fossil fuel energy sources in the 12th 5-year plan to $630 billion, the Chinese government will drastically reform energy dependency on fossil fuels both domestically and globally.
随着中国政府在十二五时期非化石燃料资源的投资达到6300亿美元，将会彻底的改革本国内和国际上对传统资源的依赖性。
Energy independence has a two-pronged definition; to eliminate imports from and dependency on oil producing nations, as well as eliminating fossil fuels for a cleaner and safer environment. Currently, the United States and Germany both have broad and sophisticated alternative energy markets.
能源独立有两种独立的解释；减少对进口石油的依赖性，还有就是为了清洁和安全环境减少化石燃料。目前，美国和德国都有着广泛和成熟的可替代性能源市场。
Germany is one of the world leaders in wind energy technologies, with goals for a 20% decrease in fossil fuels along with 20% of total energy consumption to be from renewable energy sources by 2020.
德国是世界风能技术领先的其中一国。其目标是化石燃料减少20%以及在2020年总能消费可再生能源占20%的目标。
The United States has similar goals, which both nations hope to achieve and chances are that they will. The fact of the matter is that although the Chinese aren't going to be the world leaders in renewable energy production and consumption within the next decade, the goals that they have put in place call attention to the drastic shift in global government policy towards safer, greener and renewable energy sources. China is one of world's largest consumers of fossil fuels and by restructuring its energy needs it will cause a serious shift in global markets away from traditional energy powerhouses such as OPEC to more environmentally friendly energy sources, whether they be based in Hong Kong, Silicon Valley or Frankfurt.
美国也有类似的目标，这些国家都希望能够实现自己设定的目标。实际情况是尽管未来的十年中国不会成为可再生能源产品和消费的世界领先者，但是他们所定的目标使得全球政府的政策都转向了更安全，更绿色，和可再生性的资源。中国是世界化石燃料消费最大的国家，改组其能源结构会造成全球能源市场的重大变革，使得像传统的欧佩克石油组织转向更环保和友好的能源方向，不管它们是以香港，硅谷，还是法兰克福为基础。
By being a world leader in energy subsidies, China is setting the bar for other governments to match. President Obama's agenda on Energy and the Environment has called for an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, serious cuts in imports of oil from the Middle East and Venezuela, and most importantly significant growth in the alternative energy sector stimulated by government subsidies.
中国作为在世界能源补贴上领先者，也给别的政府设置了标准。奥巴马总统在能源和环境上的议程要求温室气体80%的减少量，从中东和委内瑞拉进口石油方面的大裁剪，以及最重要的是在由于政府补贴而引起的可替代能源部分的增加。
Policies such as these will increase the number of sustainable energy producers, drive down the price of energy, which will allow developing nations to more easily achieve energy independence themselves through domestic alternative energy markets. This shift in approach towards sustainable energy is the first step towards completely restructuring long-term worldwide energy consumption, which will be one of the main focuses of the global economy during the 21st century and beyond.
像激励可再生能源生产商增多的政策能够压低能源的价格，使得发展中国家的能源能力更容易通过本地可替代性能源市场得到独立。这项向可再生能源发展的举措转变是向完全重组世界长期能源消费结构举措的第一步，这将是在21世纪和之后时期全球经济的主要目标。
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