【英国卫报111117】奥巴马的太平洋之旅：中国南海的问题
外媒报道：奥巴马的太平洋之旅：中国南海的问题Obama's Pacific tour: South China Sea change
【登载媒体】 英国卫报
【来源地址】http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/nov/17/obama-pacific-tour-south-china-sea
【译者】valeriezy
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
He began as a president who put his first visit to China ahead of meeting the Dalai Lama, who delayed military sales to Taiwan, and who soft-pedalled on human rights. This week a sea change occurred in Barack's Obama's rhetoric on China. Each stopover on a nine-day tour through the Pacific ended with a fresh dig at China. In Honolulu, Mr Obama demanded that China "play by the rules" in international trade and "act like a grownup". In Canberra, he said the US was "here to stay as a Pacific power", a day after announcing he would send military aircraft and 2,500 marines to train at Darwin, in Australia's Northern Territory. While each statement was tempered with caveats – he praised China's role in reining in North Korea and preventing proliferation – the message was clear: don't write us off after Iraq and Afghanistan; the US is pushing back as a Pacific power.
作为一个总统，奥巴马在第一次访问中国之前会见了达赖喇嘛；推迟了对台军售；减弱在人权方面的要求。本周在中国问题上，奥巴马的言论修辞发生了根本的改变。在这次亚太九天之旅中，每一次中途停留都以来自中国的一个辛辣的嘲讽而结束。在檀香山，奥巴马要求中国“遵循游戏规则”，在国际贸易中应该“表现的像个大人”。在堪培拉，他说，美国“在这里作为一股太平洋力量”，一天后宣布他将派遣军用飞机和2500名海军陆战队进驻澳大利亚北部城市达尔文。而每一个声明都伴随着警告–他赞扬中国在控制北朝鲜和防止扩散中的影响–同时信息很明确：不要把美国在伊拉克和阿富汗之后的力量勾除；美国正推回作为一股太平洋重要力量而存在。
This is not so much a sea change as a South China Sea change. This is a maritime region, rich in energy and fisheries resources, which China claims as its own. In recent years Chinese vessels have locked horns with Japanese coastguards, and Vietnamese and Philippine trawlers. These are not casual encounters. China says it has a right to secure its sea lanes. Japanese analysts say the strategic aim of these probes, territorial disputes over uninhabited islands, and China's decision to build up to four aircraft carrier battle groups, is to gain the power of interdiction up to the "second island chain" of the Pacific (which includes the US territory of Guam). These are busy waters. Half the world's tonnage flows through these navigation lanes. They are also potential sources of major energy reserves.
如中国南海一样，这不是一个根本的变化。这是一个中国称其为自己的，有着丰富的能源和渔业资源的海运区域。近年来，中国船只已经和日本海卫厅，越南和菲律宾渔船进行着角力。这些都不是偶然遭遇所发生的，中国声称有权确保其海上航道。日本分析人士说，从无人岛的领土争端和中国决定建立四个航母战斗群这些都是战略目标的探头，是获得权力封锁太平洋的“第二岛链”（包括美国关岛）。这些是繁忙的水域，世界上一半的吨位都流经这些航道。他们也可能是主要能源储备的来源。
Before Mr Obama's salvo this week, China was considering resuming talks with Japan on a treaty which would see a joint gas drilling project in the East China Sea. The talks had stalled after Japanese coastguards arrested a Chinese trawler captain near the disputed Senkaku islands. China is hoping to stabilise relations with Japan ahead of a leadership change in next year's Chinese Communist party congress but, like Mr Obama, they are vulnerable to hawks in the runup to an election year.
在本周奥巴马爆发之前，中国正在考虑与日本恢复在东中国海上一个联合天然气钻井工程的会谈条约。谈判陷入僵局后，日本海岸警卫队在有争议的钓鱼岛上逮捕了中国渔船船长。中国希望在明年的中国领导人换届选举之前稳定与日本的关系，但是，同奥巴马先生一样，他们在选举年上容易受鹰派的影响。
The US's plans for a Trans-Pacific Partnership will do nothing to calm Chinese nerves. This is a free trade pact of 12 Pacific nations from which China is de facto excluded over the very issues – the value of its currency, protection of foreign property rights and subsidies to state-owned companies – which have become bones of bilateral contention. Hillary Clinton wrote this week that a thriving China and a thriving America were good for each other. It is harder to see how that will be achieved, as competition stokes nationalism on both sides of the ocean.
美国的计划，一个跨太平洋合作伙伴关系将对中国人的维稳毫无作用。这是一个自由贸易协定的12个太平洋国家，中国实际上是排除这些争议--其货币价值，保护外国产权和补贴国家——国有企业–已成为双方争夺的骨头。希拉里克林顿这周写道，一个繁荣的中国和一个繁荣的美国已经维持良好的关系。这将很难看到在大洋两岸民族国家主义的竞争是如何完成的。
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