【CNN 2011.12.02】中缅关系仍然牢固
本帖最后由 lilyma06 于 2011-12-5 10:08 编辑【中文标题】中缅关系仍然牢固
【原文标题】China, Myanmar Reaffirm Ties amid U.S. Diplomatic Move
【登载媒体】CNN美国有线电视新闻网
【来源地址】http://edition.cnn.com/2011/12/01/world/asia/china-myanmar-florcruz/?hpt=hp_c3
【译者】Boomz
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【原文库连接】http://bbs.m4.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=3247737&extra=page%3D1%26filter%3Dtypeid%26typeid%3D262%26typeid%3D262
【译文】
Editor's note: "Jaime's China" is a weekly column about Chinese society and politics. Jaime FlorCruz has lived and worked in China since 1971. He studied Chinese history at Peking University (1977-81) and served as TIME Magazine's Beijing correspondent and bureau chief (1982-2000).
编者的话：“杰米看中国”（Jaime's China）是一档关于中国社会和政治局势的每周专栏。自1971年起，杰米·弗洛克鲁斯就一直在中国生活、工作。他曾于1977-1981年间在北京大学学习中国历史，毕业后担任了《时代周刊》驻北京通讯员及地区主管，到2000年才退休。
Beijing (CNN) -- On a typical day, China's border with Myanmar is quite porous and vibrant. Often from the same ethnic groups, traders from both sides share much in common and do brisk business.
CNN北京报道：在一个平常的日子里，中缅边境畅通无阻，生机勃勃。通常来说，这些国境两边的商人们同属一个少数民族，有着很多共同之处，都做着红火的生意。
I saw that up close during a reporting trip for CNN a few years ago. At one border town in China's Yunnan Province, I saw residents from both sides, speaking similar dialects, buying and selling produce, consumer goods, minerals and timber, before crossing back to their own country.
几天前，我在为CNN做新闻报道期间看到了这幅场景。在中国云南省一个边境小镇上，我看到了来自国境两边的居民，他们说着相似的方言，买卖商品、矿产和木材，然后再跨过边境回到自己的国家。
We even brought back Myanmar bank notes as a souvenir from the trip.
我们甚至带了一些缅甸银行发行的纸币回来，作为此行的纪念品。
Scenes like this along the two countries' 2,000-kilometer border serve as constant reminders of long and deep bilateral ties.
中缅两国长达2000多公里的边境线上，到处都是这样的场景。这不禁让人想到两国悠久而深厚的双边关系。
Myanmar, also known as Burma, was one of the first countries to recognize China's Communist government in 1949.
缅甸于1949年承认了中国共产党组建的人民政府，是最早作此表态的国家之一。
Over the years, after the 1962 coup d'état in Myanmar, most Western governments shunned the Southeast Asian nation because of its poor human rights record. China and the ruling junta grew closer, however, with Beijing becoming the country's most influential supporter on the world stage.
自缅甸于1962年发生政变以来，大多数西方国家都因为人权问题避免与这个东南亚国家打交道。然而，随着中国成为缅甸在世界舞台上最有力的支持者，中国政府与缅甸军政府的关系更为密切了。
"The Myanmar government really was thrown an economic, military and political lifeline by the Chinese, particularly in the last 20 years in light of Western sanctions," says Stephanie Kleine-Ahlbrandt, Northeast Asia director of the International Crisis Group, an independent think tank.
国际危机监测机构（一个独立的智囊团）东北亚地区主席斯黛芬妮·克莱因-阿尔布兰德（Stephanie Kleine-Ahlbrandt）表示：“中国的确在经济、军事和政治方面给了缅甸政府至关重要的援助，尤其是在过去20年中西方国家纷纷对缅甸实施制裁的时候。”
"There is a very strong continuing political and economic relationship."
“这种牢固的政治、经济关系还将持续下去。”
By the end of 2010, China had become Myanmar's second-largest trading partner. China is also the biggest foreign investor there, with Chinese companies building highways, pipelines and other major projects.
到2010年底，中国已经成为缅甸的第二大贸易伙伴。中国也是缅甸最大的外国投资者，很多中国公司在此修建高速公路、输油管道及其他主要项目。
For its part, Myanmar offers China energy resources and a strategic gateway to the Indian Ocean.
而缅甸则会为中国提供能源资源，并作为中国通向印度洋的战略性门户。
Chinese access in and through Myanmar will lessen China's dependence on the Malacca Straits, a long and congested sea lane through which an estimated 80% of Chinese imported energy supplies pass.
中国打通从缅甸到印度洋的通道将减轻其对马六甲海峡的依赖程度。据估计，中国80%的进口能源都要通过这条狭长而拥挤的海峡。
"Close to the shipping lanes of the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia, Myanmar is important for China to develop its southwestern provinces, which have a population of 200 million people," writes Li Xiguang, a professor with Tsinghua University in Beijing, in his column in the state-run Global Times newspaper.
清华大学教授李希光在《环球时报》上的专栏中写道：“缅甸邻近从印度洋到东南亚的海上运输线，这对中国开发拥有2亿人口的西南各省来讲至关重要。”
Just days before U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's historic visit to Myanmar, amid signs of what Washington considers positive changes in the country under a new government, China's vice president Xi Jinping told Myanmar's top general in Beijing the two countries should strengthen military ties.
美国政府认为缅甸在新政府的领导下，出现了一些积极变化的迹象。因此，美国国务卿希拉里最近对缅甸进行了历史性的访问。而就在此次访问前几天，中国中央军委副主席习近平在北京会见了缅甸国防军总司令，号召两国加强军事联系。
But not all has gone smoothly in China-Myanmar relations.
但中缅关系的发展并不总是一帆风顺的。
In September, Myanmar unexpectedly suspended the construction of the $3.6 billion Myitsone hydropower station financed by a Chinese company, citing environmental and social concerns.
今年九月，缅甸政府称，中国公司出资36亿美元承建的密松水电站建设工程造成了环境和社会问题，并出人意料地叫停了这一工程。
The project was meant to provide much-needed power to China but it would have displaced thousands of local residents.
这个项目旨在为中国提供紧缺的电力，但却需要移走成千上万的当地居民。
"The Myanmar people are very upset about particularly resource-extraction activities, where the Chinese are not consulting the communities, they are not providing benefits to the communities, they displace populations and they engage in environmental degradation," says Kleine-Ahlbrandt, the International Crisis Group analyst.
国际危机监测机构分析师克莱因-阿尔布兰德表示，“缅甸人民对这些资源开采活动极为愤慨。中国人之前并没有征得当地社区同意，也没有为当地社区谋利益；他们只是移走了居民，破坏了生态环境。”
The decision was seen as a rare concession by the government to public pressure -- and a blow to China.
这项罕见的决定是政府在公众施压之下做出的妥协；而对中国来说，则是一个打击。
"This incident made some believe that Myanmar is showing goodwill to the West at the expense of Chinese interest," an editorial on the Global Times this week reads.
本周《环球时报》上的一篇社论写道：“此次事件使一些人认为，缅甸正牺牲中国的利益向西方国家示好。”
Other observers say Myanmar's decision on the dam project was largely driven by internal factors.
另一些观察员则认为，缅甸政府叫停大坝建设工程很大程度上是国内原因所致。
"It's a strong indication that the government is ready to say 'no' to Beijing when it is in its interest to do so," says Suzanne DiMaggio of the New York-based Asia Society.
来自纽约亚洲社团的苏珊娜·迪马吉欧（Suzanne DiMaggio）表示，“这次事件表明，当涉及到自身利益时，缅甸政府将会对中国说‘不’。”
Clinton's visit is "an opportunity for the U.S. to help move Myanmar away from authoritarian rule and into the world community," she adds. "The visit also sends a strong signal to China that the U.S. is seeking to contain Beijing's influence in Myanmar."
她还补充说到，希拉里此次对缅甸的访问“为美国提供了帮助缅甸摆脱专治独裁统治的机会，并使其重返世界舞台”。“访问还向中国发出了强烈的信号，旨在说明美国正遏制中国在缅甸的影响。”
Some Chinese political observers are picking up that signal too.
一些中国政治观察员也捕捉到了这条信息。
Clinton's visit "will further unnerve China, which has recently been increasingly worried that the aim of the United States' new Asia policy is to isolate and encircle China," writes Li, the Tsinghua University professor.
清华大学一位姓李的教授写道，希拉里对缅甸的访问“将进一步使中国感到不安；此前，中国一直担心美国新的亚洲政策旨在孤立和包围中国。”
Publicly, at least, Beijing's diplomats maintain China is not worried about Myanmar's engagement with the U.S.
至少在公共场合，中国外交官仍宣称，政府并没有因缅甸与美国的交涉感到担忧。
"China welcomes Myanmar and Western countries to improve their relations on the basis of mutual respect," says Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei. "We hope Myanmar's move will be conducive to the country's stability and development."
中国外交部发言人洪磊表示，“中国很高兴看到缅甸与西方国家在相互尊重的基础上，共同努力，改善相互间的关系。我们希望，缅甸的决策将有助于保持其国内稳定和促进自身发展。”
Beijing also appears more proactive in engaging the Myanmar people, especially after the controversial decision on the dam. It recently sent a rare Buddhist relic to Myanmar, a predominantly Buddhist country, to be on public display.
中国政府在处理与缅甸人民相关的事务上也表现得更为主动了，尤其是在此次富有争议的大坝叫停事件发生之后。最近，中国将一件稀有的佛教文物送到缅甸这个佛教占主导地位的国家，向公众公开展出。
"It's part of this new outreach -- using religion, using media, using non-governmental organizations," observes Kleine-Ahlbrandt of the International Crisis Group. "China is trying to learn about how it can exert soft power."
国际危机监测机构的克莱因-阿尔布兰德观察到，“这只是中国扩展其影响力的新手段之一，即通过宗教、媒体和非政府组织实现其目的。中国正努力学习如何使用软实力。”
Even as Myanmar's leadership begins to mend fences with Washington, few expect to see China and Myanmar drift too far apart, thanks to the two neighbors' inter-dependent relationship.
由于中缅两国相互依存的关系，即使在缅甸领导人开始与美国恢复友好关系时，也很少有人希望看到中国与缅甸过于疏远的局面。
"Myanmar continually depends on China's investment, on Chinese trade and Chinese political cover in the international community," says Kleine-Ahlbrandt.
克莱因-阿尔布兰德还表示，“缅甸一直依赖于中国的投资、贸易以及中国在国际舞台上的政治影响力。”
"China depends on Myanmar for access to its resources and also for the border to remain peaceful."
“而中国则依赖于缅甸的各种资源，同时也希望通过两国边境维持自己的和平与安定。”
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