【华盛顿邮报 12/01/11】中国谴责“香港人”身份认同的趋势
【中文标题】中国谴责“香港人”身份认同的趋势
【原文标题】China denounces ‘Hong Konger’ trend
【登载媒体】华盛顿邮报
【原文作者】Andrew Higgins
【原文链接】http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/china-denounces-hong-konger-trend/2012/01/10/gIQAmivNqP_story.html
近期调查显示，越来越少的香港人认为自己是中国人。
在炫目的礼花和狂热的爱国主义情绪中收回香港已经过去了15年，中国正在纠结于一个颠覆性的挑战：一项学术调查结果显示，这个前英国殖民地的很多居民认为自己与中国没有太大的关系。
香港大学在上个月完成的调查发现，参与者对“香港人”身份认同的数量，超过对“中国人”身份认同的数量一倍还多。自从1997年英国交出控制权之后，香港人与大陆人身份同等的感觉越来越淡漠了。
中国官方被这个结果激怒了，随即导演了一场谴责运动——用口头和书面的形式对所谓的香港不忠问题进行狂轰滥炸。
作为中国的“特别行政区”，香港在已故领导人邓小平倡导的“一国两制”前提下管理自己的事务。它有自己的司法体系和货币，使用自己的护照，允许言论自由和其它在中国大陆闻所未闻的行动自由。
然而近几个月以来，中国官方和这个前殖民地的亲北京媒体，对一批他们看不顺眼的公共人物开始猛烈抨击，其中包括亲民主的政客、一位年事已高的基督教牧师、一位反共的媒体大亨和美国领事馆。现在，他们把枪口对准了钟庭耀——香港大学民意调查项目负责人。
钟在香港回归中国之后就开始调查人们的身份认同感，最新的调查结果只不过确认了香港居民思想倾向的一个有趣的现实：针对中国大陆更多的不满和疏远感。
星期天，数百人先是在奢侈品零售店杜嘉班纳里抱怨商家歧视本地人，照顾大陆人，之后在店外抗议。从边境涌入的大量消费者让香港商家笑逐颜开，但是激起了普通民众的担忧，他们害怕城市会被这些粗鲁无礼的外来者淹没。香港有700万人口，中国大陆有13亿人口。
香港人制作的一个MTV去年在网络上流行起来，其中嘲笑大陆人是“蝗虫”，“在餐厅、酒店和商店中大声喧哗”，对城市有序的环境却少尊重。
与此同时，香港的新闻媒体在最近几周充斥了有关孕期大陆女性跨国边境到香港生产的报道，她们利用这里优越的医疗条件和自然享有居留权的政策。各类政客纷纷主张采取行动遏制这样的趋势，并且警告说香港的医疗体制无法承担这样的压力。去年，在香港紧急产房中生产的大陆妇女数量几乎翻了三倍。
中国的过激反应
尽管早有迹象显示香港人与中国大陆的疏远感，但北京对钟的研究结果还是表现出异常的愤怒。
中央驻港联络办宣传文体部部长郝铁川召见了一些当地媒体记着，严厉斥责这项研究是“不科学”、“不合逻辑”的。他说香港已经是中国的一部分，向居民提出是否认为自己是中国人的问题本身就是错误的。共产党控制的媒体开始对钟和他的研究进行狂轰滥炸。
《文汇报》评论：“钟的调查带有邪恶的政治目的。”香港本地报纸说钟是“政治黑金的奴隶”，谴责他的目的是“把香港从大陆同胞中分离出去”。
钟对这些指控的态度是“文化大革命式的诋毁运动”。
政府运作的大陆报纸《中国日报》嘲弄这项调查是“荒唐的”，“意在混淆香港人的视听”。香港其它党控媒体说钟被外国利益集团操纵，其中包括英国间谍。据说他和香港一位前殖民官员David Ford有联系，这个人与英国情报部门有关。
钟说：“我不认识David Ford，从未见过这个人。”
中国激烈的反应引发了外界对其动机的猜测。某些观点认为中国官员只不过想在北京今年的领导层轮换之前，展示强硬的民族主义态度。其他人提到了地方政治的角色：香港将在今年由1200名选委会委员选举出新的行政长官，之后将为2017年开始的普选做准备。
分析人士认为，北京希望确保香港民主化进程不会滋生“敌对势力”，也不会引起有关禁忌话题的讨论，其中最敏感的话题就是民众的身份。
独特的身份
北京一心铲除西藏、新疆和其它非汉族人居住地区的分裂主义倾向，它因此长期坚持所有公民只可以把自己视为“中国人”。香港和中国的人种和文化结构几乎一样，但由于在英国人的统治下脱离中国达156年，香港具有独特的身份。
钟在香港大学研究机构中从事的调查显示，对中国大陆的认同感自1997年回归之后有所上升，但在2008北京奥运会之后开始下降。上个月的调查结果表明，只有34％的人认为自己是“中国人”，63％的人更加强调自己是“香港人”。
钟拒绝猜测香港居民对中国身份缺乏认同感的原因，但是他说会坚持自己的研究成果。
他说：“我不是政客，我会让历史告诉众人这项工作的价值。”
独立的媒体力挺钟，并警告中国的过激反应。《明报》并没有随波逐流地攻击钟，而是说，北京的官员应当问一问香港居民为什么“对中国越来越冷淡”。
原文：
Recent survey found that fewer and fewer Hong Kong residents view themselves primarily as Chinese.
HONG KONG — Fifteen years after taking back Hong Kong amid a blaze of fireworks and patriotic fervor, China is battling what it sees as a subversive challenge: an academic survey showing that many in this former British colony identify little with China.
The survey, conducted last month by the University of Hong Kong, found that the number of respondents who view themselves as Hong Kongers is more than double the number who see themselves as Chinese and that bonds of shared identity with the mainland have grown weaker since Britain relinquished control in 1997.
Infuriated by the results, Chinese officials have orchestrated a campaign of denunciation — the latest blast in a barrage of verbal and written broadsides against alleged disloyalty in Hong Kong.
As a “special administrative region” within China, Hong Kong largely runs its own affairs under the “one country, two systems” formula enunciated by Deng Xiaoping, China’s late paramount leader. It has its own legal system and currency, issues its own travel documents and allows free speech and other liberties unknown in the rest of China.
In recent months, however, Chinese officials and pro-Beijing media in the former colony have gone on the offensive against a host of public figures whose views they dislike, including pro-democracy politicians, an elderly Catholic priest, an anti-communist media tycoon and the U.S. consul general. Now, they have turned their fire on Robert Chung, the director of Hong Kong University’s Public Opinion Program.
Chung has been surveying Hong Kong identity since the territory’s return to China, and the results of his latest poll merely confirmed anecdotal evidence of a significant trend among residents: growing resentment toward — and a sense of separateness from — mainland Chinese.
On Sunday, hundreds of Hong Kongers protested outside luxury retailer Dolce & Gabbana after complaints that the store discriminated against locals in favor of mainlanders. An influx of shoppers from across the border has delighted Hong Kong retailers but stirred disquiet among ordinary people fearful that their city is being swamped by often-brash newcomers. Hong Kong has a population of about 7 million; the rest of China has more than 1.3 billion people.
A music video made in Hong Kong and posted last year on the Internet sneered at mainlanders as “locusts” who “shout in restaurants, hotels and stores” and show scant regard for the city’s more orderly ways.
Hong Kong news media, meanwhile, have been filled in recent weeks with reports of pregnant mainland women crossing the border to take advantage of Hong Kong’s superior medical system and a rule that babies born in the city have the right of abode here. Politicians of all stripes have demanded action to halt the flow amid warnings that Hong Kong’s health-care system can’t take the strain. The number of mainland women giving birth in Hong Kong emergency wards nearly tripled last year.
China’s sharp reaction
Although evidence of Hong Kongers’ fading sense of kinship with China has been mounting for some time, Beijing reacted with startling anger to Chung’s findings.
Hao Tiechuan, a senior official at the Chinese government’s liaison office here, called in selected local reporters and lambasted the study as “unscientific” and “illogical,” saying that because Hong Kong is now part of China, it is wrong to ask residents whether they consider themselves Chinese. Media controlled by the Communist Party then directed a torrent of abuse at Chung and his work.
“Chung’s survey has evil political aims,” the Wen Wei Po newspaper opined. The Hong Kong-based paper reviled Chung as a “slave of black political funding” and accused him of seeking to “divide Hong Kong people from their compatriots.”
Chung dismissed the allegations as a “Cultural Revolution-style smear campaign.”
The China Daily, a state-run mainland newspaper, ridiculed the survey as “preposterous” and “intent on messing up Hong Kong.” Other party-controlled media in Hong Kong suggested that Chung was being manipulated by foreign interests, including British spies, alleging contacts with David Ford, a former colonial official in Hong Kong with supposed ties to British intelligence.
“I do not know David Ford, and I have never met him,” Chung said.
China’s sharp reaction has sparked wary speculation here about its motives. One theory is that officials merely want to display tough nationalist credentials ahead of a leadership transition in Beijing this year. Others note the role of local politics: Hong Kong will get a new chief executive this year — chosen by a 1,200-member committee — and will then start preparations for a real election, with universal suffrage, scheduled for 2017.
Beijing, analysts say, wants to ensure that the expansion of democracy in Hong Kong doesn’t empower “hostile forces” or encourage discussion of what it views as taboo issues, one of the most sensitive of which is identity.
A distinct identity
Determined to uproot separatist sentiment in Tibet, Xinjiang and other regions with large non-Han Chinese populations, Beijing has long insisted that all citizens view themselves only as “Chinese.” Hong Kong is almost entirely Chinese in its ethnic and cultural makeup, but after being separated from China during 156 years of British rule, it has a distinct identity.
Surveys conducted by Chung’s unit at Hong Kong University show that identification with China increased somewhat after the 1997 handover but began to decline after peaking in 2008 when Beijing hosted the Olympic Games. Just 34 percent of those surveyed last month identified themselves as primarily Chinese, and 63 percent emphasized their Hong Kong identity.
Chung declined to speculate on why Hong Kong’s residents appear to identify less with China but said he stands by his findings.
“I am not a politician,” he said. “I will let history tell the true value of my work.”
Independent media have rallied to Chung’s defense and voiced alarm at China’s reaction. Instead of attacking Chung, the Ming Pao newspaper said, Beijing officials should ask why Hong Kong’s people “are growing cool towards China.”
给英国人奴役了一百多年，自己当主人反倒不乐意了！可悲！
不是不喜欢热闹吗？建议断水断电断粮一个月，让他们好好清净一下！ 夸大的言论！由于工作关系我认识的香港朋友不少！在我的耳内么听到过不认同自己是中国人的（虽然他们会有香港身份的优越感）！ 把中国人，香港人两个选项并列本身就是不靠谱的调查 回头应该调查一下夏威夷居民的身份认同问题，同时咱也要调查一下北爱尔兰人民的身份认同问题。。 这些香港人要不认同自己是中国人 那行啊 那请离开香港这块中国人的土地
再有既然这些香港人不认同自己是中国人 那请这些香港人出门在外被人欺负的时候 别大言不惭的说自己是中国人
沐霜 发表于 2012-1-16 12:01 static/image/common/back.gif
这些香港人要不认同自己是中国人 那行啊 那请离开香港这块中国人的土地
再有既然这些香港人不认同自己是 ...
对头啊！中国什么都缺就不缺人！不愿待走人就是！唧唧歪歪的让人恶心！ fusang12 发表于 2012-1-16 11:49 static/image/common/back.gif
回头应该调查一下夏威夷居民的身份认同问题，同时咱也要调查一下北爱尔兰人民的身份认同问题。。 ...
干脆把美国几十个洲都算进来，看看他们的认同感有多高~ 香港人以为自己是什么东西？他妈的愿意去英国都去好了。对付这帮二鬼子港怂就应该杀一儆百。 本帖最后由 酥仔 于 2012-1-16 15:44 编辑
不认同就不认同呗，搞的好像天朝很在乎似的╮(╯_╰)╭
外霉就是喜欢混淆视听，只调查港灿还百分百不认同呢=。。=
再说了，就是有贱到喜欢被殖民的人嘛，和大陆的jy一个样，别用这些人代表香港人嘛，不认同的回归之前又不是没有移民过，现在移民也不晚嘛，中国人口13.7亿，快去为祖国减轻负担！ 中国不乱，外国人急的很捏。:D 这种调查本就荒谬，故意把香港与大陆对立成两个国家。有在北京调查自己是北京人还是中国人的吗？ 港人优越感消失只是迟早的事情 提问的模式是恶意的，很不要脸，这个华盛顿邮报也是。 请该西媒到上海来调查吧，不认同自己是中国人的更多;P 挑拨离间部分成功了，恭喜美国佬。 这明显是挑拨吧.... 霉国想搞乱中国的阴谋一天也没有停止过。 砍柴翁 发表于 2012-1-16 10:50 static/image/common/back.gif
夸大的言论！由于工作关系我认识的香港朋友不少！在我的耳内么听到过不认同自己是中国人的（虽然他们会有香 ...
这点我还是比较认可的 很明显是恶意的捏造，你问任何一个城市的人，问他认为自己是那个城市的人还是中国人，都可能得出很多人认为是那个城市的人的答案，不说明任何问题，却被别有用心的反动派，拿来炒作挑拨。