【洛杉矶时报 12/01/08】共产党官员们的最爱
【中文标题】共产党官员们的最爱
【原文标题】China Communist Party bureaucrats like their cars high end
【登载媒体】洛杉矶时报
【原文作者】Barbara Demick
【原文链接】http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-china-corruption-on-wheels-20120108,0,2054481,full.story
2010年3月，宝马5系轿车交付给上海警方，准备在世博会期间使用。
连警察都在开保时捷。
中国官员们喜欢他们的汽车——又大又豪华又昂贵的汽车。一辆价值56万美元的棕色宾利在北京的街道上缓缓行进，车牌表明这是中南海——共产党总部的资产。负责处理暴乱和监控群众的武装警察部也有一辆相同型号的蓝色宾利。
或许是为了备战，中国军委有一辆在中国价值33万美元的黑色玛莎拉蒂。
北京大学政府管理学院教授汪玉凯多年来致力于限制公车的使用，他说：“公车腐败是这些现象的唯一解释。”
作为多年来共产党体系内部特有的福利之一，豪华汽车了成为公众针对特权阶层的愤怒和攻击目标。气愤的中国人用手机拍摄昂贵的政府汽车照片——根据车牌识别车辆来源，并上传到一个微博网站上——“反对公车浪费”。这个网站在8月份建立起来，早期一个类似的网站被政府监察部门关闭。
中国政府并未公布官方数据，但是汽车产业内部人士说，平均每年的公车消费高达150亿美元，而一些学者认为实际数字几倍于它也不止。即使用最保守的方式估算，这个数字也要高于政府在保障房建设和科研上投入的资金，更不用提校车了。
近几个月来一系列校车超载酿成的事故悲剧，更加激起了人们对政府豪华用车的愤怒。最严重的一次事故发生在11月份的甘肃省，一辆设计载客9人的面包车搭载了62名孩子，事故中有21人丧生。一个名为“民心死”的微博用户在事故后写道：“每次看到校车，我就想到街上跑的那些奥迪A6，我只能摇摇头叹息一声。”
奥迪A6是中国共产党的准官方用车，它的德国汽车总公司大众，早在80年代就进入了中国市场。据行业人士分析，中国有超过10万辆A6，其中20％是政府车辆。根据排量不同，每辆车的成本在5万美元到10万美元之间。
豪华的SUV则是警方的最爱。在南方城市广州，有人拍到警察驾驶一辆梅赛德斯奔驰SUV。东北部省份吉林的警察喜欢另一款豪华的SUV——保时捷卡宴。一个人在网站上留言说：“难怪没有钱买校车了！”评论者对军队牌照的豪华汽车尤其痛恨，有人说：“部队为什么需要跑车？是为了在打仗是更快地逃跑吗？”
有些照片还显示，政府、警方和军队的汽车明显被当作私人物品使用：在学校接送儿童、停靠在购物中心附近、出现在家庭聚会场合。创建这个网站的广州活动人士在接收邮件采访时说：“其它的腐败行为很难抓到证据，比如接受红包，但是你很容易就能发现公车私用的现象。”他不愿意透露自己的姓名。
清华大学教授任建民说，高额的公车费用实际上来源于共产党在40年代为高层官员制定的特权体系。“只要一名官员职位达到一定级别，他就必须被给予一些东西，比如汽车和以前的住房，因此产生了大量的政府汽车。”
尽管在理论上公车只可以作为办公使用，但大部分官僚都把公车当作私人财产，随心所欲地使用。没有人理会有关限制公车使用的规定。任说：“中国官员不分场合地使用这些汽车。”
而且，公车还滋养出更多的腐败机会。一旦官员们有了车，他们就会雇用一名司机，还会发生巨额的汽油费和修理费。任说：“有的人会去修理厂给自己买一台电视机，然后用修理费发票让政府报销。很多时候他们支付很低的修理费，但报销的金额很高。发票里有很多秘密。”
政府出于对腐败问题敏感性的担忧，正在试图遏制公车浪费。今年新起草的规定中，大部分官员不可以购买超过11000美元的汽车，公车和公配私车的级别和排量也受到了限制。上海一家汽车行业咨询公司的总经理张豫说：“部长或副部长以下级别的官员，不配专车，只可以使用公司车队中的汽车。”
但这已经不是第一次限制政府采购车辆了。2004年，成都、南京和杭州市政府拍卖了大部分官员用车，并表示官员在需要时可以租车并报销费用。然而，公车费用却保持着两位数的增长趋势。政府管理学院的汪说：“早在80年代政府就试图解决这个问题，但一直收效甚微。”
为了躲避规定，政府官员发挥了充分的想象力。其中一个花招是更换汽车的金属标志，让它们看起来更像廉价的型号。
韩超在北京南部一个市场里经营一家汽车配件小店。他说：“每当新政出台，我这里都会有政府顾客。”最近他向北京西北部城市张北的官员卖出了100个奥迪A6 2.0L标志（该款车型中最小排量），这样他们可以隐瞒实际上大排量的汽车。“大部分买标志的人都喜欢更高级别的标志，这样会比较有面子，只有政府里的人来买低级别的标志。”
韩还提到，每个标志售价20元人民币（大约3美元），但是官员们要他开120元人民币的发票。
原文：
BMW 5 Series police cars are shown off at a delivery in Shanghai, China, in March 2010, in time for use during the World Expo.
A remnant of a decades-old Communist Party perks system, the luxe wheels are a conspicuous target of growing public outrage over the privileges of the elite. Angry Chinese have started posting photos.
Reporting from Beijing— Even the police are driving Porsches.
Chinese officials love their cars — big, fancy, expensive cars. A chocolate-colored Bentley worth $560,000 is cruising the streets of Beijing with license plates indicating it is registered to Zhongnanhai, the Communist Party headquarters. The armed police, who handle riots and crowd control, have the same model of Bentley in blue.
And just in case it needs to go racing off to war, the Chinese army has a black Maserati that sells in China for $330,000.
"Corruption on wheels is an accurate description of this problem," said Wang Yukai, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Governance in Beijing, who has been advocating restrictions on officials' cars for years.
A remnant of a decades-old party perks system, the luxe wheels are a conspicuous target of growing public outrage over the privileges of the elite.
Armed with cellphone cameras, angry Chinese have started posting photographs of the expensive government cars — identifiable by their license plates — on a microblog site called Anti-Official Cars Extravagance that was set up in August. (Government censors shut down an earlier version of the same site.)
The Chinese government doesn't release figures, but automobile industry analysts here say that spending for cars tops $15 billion annually, while some scholars believe the figure is many times that amount.
Even at more conservative estimates, the figure is greater than that allocated for low-income housing or for scientific research and development.
Not to speak of the funding for school buses.
Anger over fancy government cars has been piqued by a spate of tragic accidents in recent months involving overloaded school buses. In the worst of them, 21 kindergartners were killed in Gansu province in November in a van that was designed for nine passengers but was carrying 62 children.
"Every time I see a school bus accident and think about the great many government Audi A6s on the street, I shake my head and sigh," one microblogger who uses the name Minxingdie wrote after the accident.
The Audi A6 is the semiofficial car of the Chinese Communist Party; the German automaker's parent, Volkswagen, was an early entry in the 1980s into the Chinese market. According to industry analysts, there are more than 100,000 A6s in China, about 20% of them owned by the government. Each car costs $50,000 to $100,000, depending on engine size.
For the cops, luxury SUVs are all the rage. In the southern city of Guangzhou, police were photographed driving a Mercedes-Benz SUV, while those in the northeastern province of Jilin have another deluxe SUV, the Porsche Cayenne.
"No wonder there's no money left for school buses!" remarked one contributor to the car-outrage website. The commentators were particularly scathing about the expensive cars with military plates. "Why does the military need sports cars? Will it help them run faster when there's a war?"
Photographs also showed cars with government, police and military plates clearly being used on personal business: dropping off children at school, at a shopping mall, on a family vacation.
"You can't get evidence about other kinds of corruption, such as people accepting envelopes of cash, but this you easily see for yourself," explained the Guangzhou-based activist who started the website in response to emailed questions. He did not wish to be identified.
The high spending on cars, said Ren Jianmin, a professor at Beijing's Tsinghua University, is the result of a system set up by the Communist Party in the 1940s to allocate perks to ranking members.
"The system dictates that once an official reaches a certain level, he must be equipped with certain things, such as cars and, in the past, houses," Ren said. "This system led to a huge number of government cars. "
Although in theory a government car is for official business, most bureaucrats treat the car as their own to do with as they wish. Regulations that limit the use of the car to working hours are widely disregarded.
"The Chinese officials don't distinguish between business and personal use," Ren said.
In addition, use of the car engenders more opportunities for corruption. Once they have a car, officials will hire a chauffeur and run up large bills for gasoline and so-called repairs.
"Somebody could go to the repair shop and buy a TV for himself and get reimbursed from the government" for repairs, Ren said. "Many pay little, but they get reimbursed a lot. There are a lot of secrets in the receipts."
Nervous about heightened sensitivity to corruption, the government is trying to rein in the most extravagant cars. New regulations being drafted this year are supposed to limit the base price of cars to $11,000 for most bureaucrats, and restrict the engine size of government cars and the ranks of those entitled to a private vehicle and driver.
"Below the rank of minister or deputy minister, they won't be entitled to an exclusive car and will have to use a car from the fleet," said Zhang Yu, managing director of Automotive Foresight, a Shanghai industry consulting firm.
But this isn't the first initiative to limit government car purchases.
In 2004, municipal governments in the cities of Chengdu, Nanjing and Hangzhou sold off many of their official cars, telling bureaucrats that they could apply for reimbursements for rentals when needed. Nevertheless, spending on government cars has enjoyed double-digit growth since then.
"They have been trying to tackle this problem since the 1980s, but it never goes away," said Wang, of the Academy of Governance.
Government officials have proved ingenious, however, at getting around the regulations. One trick is to change the metal emblems on the cars to make them look cheaper than they actually are.
"Whenever a new regulation comes out, we get customers from the government," said Han Chao, who runs a small storefront shop selling Audi parts in a market in the south of Beijing.
Recently, he said, he sold 100 emblems for the Audi A6 2.0L (the smallest engine for the popular model) to officials from the city of Zhangbei, northwest of Beijing, so they could disguise the fact that their engines were larger than permitted.
"Most people want to buy logos to upgrade so they can save face," Han said. "Only the government people buy emblems to downgrade the cars."
The emblems, Han noted, cost 20 yuan each, about $3. But the officials, he said, demanded receipts saying they'd paid 120 yuan.
我们这面的警用车辆时清一色的捷达 这么说奥黑和美国各州州长、各部部长都在开奥托？;P :@所以我现在最恶心听到的就是,社会捐赠.那政府的责任在哪?还有一个就是,当CCTV大肆宣扬扶贫资金的每年增加时,当我听到2011年才区区200多个亿时,我真想吐.
还有就是财政收入每年20%以上的增加.我们的国家的官员们如果再如此缺乏责任感,那欧美的经济危机离我们也就是明天的事了. 绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败！一个没有权力监督的政府！他可以为所欲为！ PS技术不错，上次我还看到有人把车牌PS成了主席专用 有些东西能起到潜移默化的作用，当你开着好车招摇过市的时候，当你前呼后拥清道出行的时候，当你那豪华的办公楼巍峨矗立的时候，你就已经为你和他之间挖出了一道鸿沟。否认没有任何意义，客观存在的。 rainne 发表于 2012-1-21 23:39 static/image/common/back.gif
所以我现在最恶心听到的就是,社会捐赠.那政府的责任在哪?还有一个就是,当CCTV大肆宣扬扶贫资金的每年增加 ...
所以我从来不捐款，社会上有许许多多值得同情的人，让我们这些能力不大的人捐款，钱多的突击去花的他怎么不能伸手？电视台一用煽情口吻呼唤捐款我就恶心的想吐 报道还算客观，官员开着好车离人民越来越远。 政府采购就知道挑贵的 拉动内需哈哈 逆卷炎灵 发表于 2012-1-25 23:53 static/image/common/back.gif
政府采购就知道挑贵的
政府采购油水很大，既不挑最贵的，也不买最合适，而是买回扣空间最大的。在汽车贸易公司做过两年，干的就是政府采购接待……
页:
[1]