【微软美国 20120228】中国的太空技术发展让美国军方坐立难安
本帖最后由 woikuraki 于 2012-3-31 14:45 编辑【中文标题】中国的太空技术发展让美国军方坐立难安
【原文标题】China's advances in space unnerve US military leaders
【登载媒体】微软美国
【原文作者】Mike Wall
【原文链接】http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46559385/ns/technology_and_science-space/#.T1QTvvTa1zl
【译者】囧囧人
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译文】
The rise of China's space program may pose a potentially serious military threat to the United States down the road, top American intelligence officials contend.
美国高级智囊团官员声称，中国在太空计划上的崛起很可能给美国今后的发展造成潜在的严重军事威胁。
China continues to develop technology designed to destroy or disable satellites, which makes the United States and other nations with considerable on-orbit assets nervous. Even Beijing's ambitious human spaceflight plans are cause for some concern, since most space-technology advances could have military applications, officials say.
中国持续在研发旨在摧毁或让卫星瘫痪的技术，这使以美国在内的其他在太空轨道上运转着可观资产的国家神经紧绷。这些官员表示，既然绝大部分太空技术的发展都有可能应用于军事目的，那么北京颇具野心的载人航天计划不正恰好成为引发某些忧虑的原因？
"The space program, including ostensible civil projects, supports China's growing ability to deny or degrade the space assets of potential adversaries and enhances China's conventional military capabilities," Army Lt. Gen. Ronald Burgess, director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, wrote in testimony presented before the U.S. Senate's Armed Services Committee Feb. 16.
“太空计划，包括表面上的民用工程，都在提升着中国的实力，使其潜在对手们的太空资产面临强大压力（意译），同时也加强了中国的常规军事实力。”美国国防情报局局长、陆军将军勃吉斯中将在2月16日的美国军事委员会上的报告中写到。
Burgess was delivering the DIA's annual assessment of threats to U.S. security and interests around the globe.
勃吉斯提交了国防情报局的年度全球威胁美国安全和利益的评估报告。
China's big space dreams
中国的太空大国梦
China has made no secret of its ambitious space goals. In 2003, it became the third nation — after the United States and the Soviet Union — to independently launch a person into orbit.
中国在太空发展目标方面的野心是众所周知的。2003年，它成为了继美国和苏联之后的第三个能独立将人发送到预定轨道上的国家。
In November 2011, China successfully docked two robotic spacecraft in Earth orbit, a key step in its quest to have a manned space station up and running by 2020. Beijing also hopes to land an astronaut (called a "taikonaut") on the moon after its planned 60-ton orbital outpost is operational.
2011年11月，中国成功地将两个航天飞行器发射进入地球轨道，这标志着其意欲在2020年建立并运行空间站的道路上迈出了重要一步。计划中的60吨轨道前哨站开始运作之后，北京同样也希望实现一个宇航员（"taikonaut"一词是中文“太空”的拼音和英文astronaut一词缩合而成，意为“中国太空人”）登陆月球的目标。
This past December, China joined the United States and Russia as the only nations with operational homegrown satellite navigation systems. China's Beidou system — whose name translates as "Big Dipper" — is somewhat rudimentary at the moment, consisting of just 10 satellites and covering a swath of the Asia-Pacific region from Australia in the south to Russia in the north.
2011年12月，中国成为继美国和俄罗斯之后仅有的能够自主研发卫星导航系统的国家之一。中国的“北斗”系统（其翻译为“北斗星”）目前已初步形成，由10颗卫星组成，覆盖了南至澳大利亚、北至俄罗斯的亚太地区。
However, China envisions a global system with 35 satellites by 2020. The emergence of Beidou should eventually make China far less dependent on the GPS constellation, which is operated by the United States military and is currently the world's dominant satnav network.
不过，中国的预期是在2020年实现由35颗卫星构成的全球系统。“北斗”的出现会使中国最终将不过度依赖于GPS系统，GPS是由美国军方操纵的，现行世界上占主导地位的卫星导航网络。
Beidou "will enable subscribers outside of China to purchase receivers and services that give civilian and military applications greater redundancy and independence in a conflict scenario that employs space assets," Burgess wrote.
“北斗”系统“将会让中国境外用户也能够购买服务器和接收器，而在使用空间资源的时候，军民共用设备产生的过多冗余信息和独立性的问题可能面临冲突。” 勃吉斯在报告中写到。
China operates many other satellites, for research, weather monitoring, communications and reconnaissance purposes. But it's tough to know exactly what the nation is getting out of these spacecraft, even the seemingly innocuous ones, according to Burgess.
据勃吉斯的报告称，中国操作着众多其他卫星，用于研究、气象监测、通信和侦察等目的。但若想确切了解该国究竟从这些航天器中获得了什么，即使是一些看似无关痛痒的东西，都非常艰难。
"Beijing rarely acknowledges direct military applications of its space program and refers to nearly all satellite launches as scientific or civil in nature," Burgess wrote.
“北京极少坦白承认其空间项目是用于军事目的，而是把几乎每一次的卫星发射都归类于科学用途或者民用性质。”勃吉斯写到。
While the United States has at least nominally separate civil and military space programs, China's space activities are driven almost entirely by the People's Liberation Army, experts say.
专家说，美国至少在名义上是将民用跟军用空间项目是分开的，而中国的太空活动却几乎是完全被人民解放军推动的。
Anti-satellite technology
反卫星技术
China is developing some space technology with indisputably military applications. In January 2007, the nation shot down one of its own weather satellites with a missile, spawning thousands of new pieces of space junk.
中国正在发展一些毫无争议的应用于军事目的的空间技术。2007年1月，该国用导弹击落了一架气象卫星，产生了成百上千片新的太空垃圾。
The test drew strong criticism from the United States and other countries. But China has continued to develop its anti-satellite (ASAT) capabilities in the years since, aided by advances across various sectors of its space program, according to Burgess.
该测试招致了来自美国和其他各国的强烈指责。但中国在其后的几年间仍持续在发展其反卫星能力，来助其空间计划各部门间的进步。勃吉斯的报告中说。
Beijing "is developing jammers and directed-energy weapons for ASAT missions," he wrote. "A prerequisite for ASAT attacks, China's ability to track and identify satellites, is enhanced by technologies from China's manned and lunar programs as well as technologies and methods developed to detect and track space debris."
北京“正在研发干扰器和反卫星任务的射线武器，”他写到，“进行反卫星武器攻击的一个前提是，中国有能力追踪并识别卫星。如今这一项技术已通过中国的载人技术和月球计划以及探测和跟踪太空残骸的技术中得到了加强。”
The United States has long enjoyed playing a dominant role in space, giving the nation the "ultimate high ground" in military conflicts for decades, experts say. ASAT capabilities — whether they're developed by China or other nations — represent a genuine threat to this dominance, Burgess and other analysts contend.
专家说，美国长期以来一直享受于其在太空中的领先地位，让这个国家在军事冲突中数十年来一直处于“终极制高点”位置。无论是中国亦或是其他任何一个国只要发展反卫星能力都意味着将会对美国的统治地位形成一个真正的威胁，勃吉斯和另外一些分析家声称。
"From the counter-space perspective, Russia and China continue developing systems and technologies that can interfere with or disable vital U.S. space-based navigation, communication, and intelligence collection satellites," Burgess wrote.
“从反空间的角度来看，俄罗斯和中国继续发展相关系统和技术将会阻碍或使美国至关重要的以空间技术为根本的导航、通信以及情报收集卫星瘫痪。”勃吉斯写到。
Keeping it in perspective
保持正确见解
Burgess' testimony should come as no surprise, some analysts say, since the U.S. military has had its eye on China's space progress for quite some time.
勃吉斯的证词应该说是毫无惊奇的，一些分析家表示，自从美国军方开始关注中国的太空计划至今已有一段时间了。
"There's nothing new in this testimony as far as China is concerned," said Brian Weeden, a technical adviser with the Secure World Foundation and a former orbital analyst with the U.S. Air Force. "We know what they're doing. They're on almost exactly the same development path as both the United States and the Soviet Union used when they first started their space programs."
美国安全世界基金会技术顾问、美国空军前任轨道分析师布莱恩•维顿说，只要这份证词中提到中国就毫无新意，“众所周知，他们正是在走着一条当初美国和苏联首次开始其太空计划时所走的发展路径。”
Weeden pointed out that the new DIA assessment deals only with China's space capabilities, not the likelihood that Beijing would deploy them against U.S. assets anytime soon.
维顿指出这份最新的国防情报局的评估报告仅仅谈及中国的空间能力，而并未说明北京将在不久将来后的某个时刻进行针对美国资产的部署的可能性。
My guess is that the more detailed analysis — of just how threatening the capabilities are, what the likelihood is, what the intentions are and how much of an impact they could have on what the U.S. wants to do — that's, of course, all the classified bits," Weeden told Space.com.
我的猜测是一些更为详细的分析：如这些能力将会造成什么威胁，可能性有多大，目的是什么，还有他们会对美国的需求造成多大的影响。维顿告诉Space.com网时说道。
While China is indeed ramping up its space program, it's also important to keep in mind that the nation still trails the United States in most areas, from planetary exploration to space-based reconnaissance and navigation, he added.
尽管中国确实在迅猛地发展其太空计划，但重要的是，我们必须记住，这个国家在绝大部分领域仍然落后于美国（紧随美国步伐），从行星探索到空基侦察和导航。他补充说道。
“As far as milestones and capabilities, I would say they’re a couple of dacades behind,” Weeden said.
“至于里程碑和能力而言，我可以说，他们远远落后我们几十年。“维顿说。
网上放风准备让中国加入国际空间站了，象大运一样把中国的航天和谐掉。 中国很nb
中国很nb
在大事上，中国越来越明白了。
记得王立伟回来的时候，网上都在说中国落后多少多少的，全是鄙视的言论。而美国的评论就比较客观。大意如下：要是不落在内蒙古，而落在纽约会是什么情况？要是里面不是王立伟，而是“小胖子”会是什么情况？ TG这边太低调了 mmxy 发表于 2012-3-4 17:33 static/image/common/back.gif
网上放风准备让中国加入国际空间站了，象大运一样把中国的航天和谐掉。
兔子会去参加吗？我看会，但同时还会搞自己的，一是有了很好的基础，二是有前车之鉴。 顶中国航天，坚持不懈的搞下去。 取得更大更辉煌的成绩。 如果我的航天工业私有化了，美国就会睡踏实了 如果我国的航天工业私有化了，美国就会睡踏实了 中国威武。 都只差几十年就威胁到美爹了？
这不行，哪个代表带带路啊，好歹提个私有化的提案也好啊。 {:soso_e132:} 美国有什么资格对中国的太空计划唧唧歪歪的著名的“星球大战”计划可是美国提出来的 人不犯我，我不犯人。
人淡如茶123 发表于 2012-3-4 22:58 static/image/common/back.gif
兔子会去参加吗？我看会，但同时还会搞自己的，一是有了很好的基础，二是有前车之鉴。 ...
只要有好处，为何不参加？
参加归参加，自己继续搞 让美国人坐立不安是好事情。 这个世界不能老是让美国一家独大！ 继续追赶再到超车
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