【纽约时报20120227】当戈登遇见雷锋
本帖最后由 woikuraki 于 2012-3-31 14:22 编辑【中文标题】当戈登·盖柯遇见雷锋
【原文标题】Gordon Gekko, Meet Lei Feng
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【译者】zinc
【原文链接】http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/27/gordon-gekko-meet-lei-feng/
【译文】
雷锋：伟大的英雄士兵，全心全意为人民服务的楷模，共产主义战士。
海报的第一行写到：学习雷锋好榜样。第二行写到：热爱党、热爱社会主义、热爱人民。
香港——中国共产党知道它有了一些麻烦。有数以万计的像戈登这样的人物正如雨后春笋一般不断地涌现，但是一般的道德标准却也渐渐降低乃至丧失，贪污腐败弥漫，坏事恶行遍布：每个人都在算着自己的如意算盘;承包商在混凝土里掺杂沙土，致使桥梁建筑不堪压力而倒塌;劣质的设计让动车组相撞;牛奶生产厂商在儿童奶粉里加入含有有毒化学物质的配方;政府官员在澳门的赌场里挥霍公款。在中国，大概有三分之一最富有的百万富翁是不需要靠政府津贴维持生活的集团高级领导人，而在这样的条件下，富二代们经常出入高级会所，驾驶贵的离谱的豪华轿车却无视交通律法。渐渐地，人们对于太子党的所作所为感到愤怒和唏嘘。并且，城乡分歧也越来越大。
把雷锋当做救命稻草。
大约在1962年，共产党将宣传着重放在旧式学校上，重新宣扬雷锋的高尚品德和集体奉献精神。共产党近期刚刚召开了名为“学习雷锋好榜样”的50周年纪念会，旨在将雷锋的道德精神铭记于心。
以下是新华社在人民日报上发布的雷锋的个人经历：雷锋，1940年出生于中国湖南省，他在7岁的时候沦为了孤儿。1958年，雷锋开始在钢铁厂工作，并且在1960年加入了中国人民解放军，当时他年仅20岁。在他仅有的生命之中，他一直省吃俭用，将钱捐献给需要的人，并且牺牲掉几乎所有的空余时间去帮助别人。
有一些记录说雷锋的死因是被军用卡车撞倒的电线杆撞到头而不治身亡。他的无私奉献的行为从来没有任何界线，从帮战友缝袜子到替其他人洗衣服。环球时报报道到：他的无私精神、爱国主义和谦虚谨慎会被永远尊重和铭记，并且会成为我们学习的榜样。
雷锋精神，在20世纪60年代被提出，是无私、谦虚和奉献的代名词，对新一代的人们有着深远非凡的影响。在最近出版的雷锋日记和雷锋诗词的记录中，可以看到雷锋希望能够“做一颗永不生锈的螺丝钉。”
新一代的中国青少年正在学习雷锋的可能已经被评论家们所忽略的著作。士丹利•罗森说雷锋的普通却伟大的集体主义精神和他的农民阶层出生以及党的宣传密不可分。“地主阶级的压迫”和随后统治阶级的剥削是让雷锋投身于共产主义的最主要原因。
这里的一个例子说明雷锋的故事在民间的口口相传中已经带有了神话色彩：前苏联夸大阿列克谢-斯塔克汉诺夫的功劳。阿列克谢-斯塔克汉诺夫，乌克兰人，是煤矿业的“发动机”，号称在1935年单独挖了破纪录的102吨煤。五十年之后，米哈伊尔•戈巴契夫正面临着苏联工人所挖的煤矿量惨淡的现实，阿列克谢-斯塔克汉诺夫再次进入了人们的视野。“尽管斯塔克汉诺夫运动除了在苏维埃的神话外没有再出现过，”我的同事塞格·施密于1985年在莫斯科写到，“电视和报纸如潮水一般地强调这些天斯塔克汉诺夫周年纪念所提出的问题、媒体的宣传和戈巴契夫为提高生产力而发起的运动有着惊人的相似之处。”苏维埃因为生产力落后而重提阿列克谢-斯塔克汉诺夫，而中国因为腐败问题再拾雷锋精神。
对于中国共产党来说，当前最主要的问题是雷锋的神话到底能在当代的中国起到多大的影响。环球时代指出：“在当今社会，雷锋精神确实遇到了一些问题。” 2007年的一篇文章甚至图文并茂地叙述了现在中国人民自私自利和犬儒主义的特殊问题。近些年来所谓的“雷锋”——彭宇，因为扶起了一个追赶公交车却不慎摔倒的老人而被起诉，起诉书中称彭宇应该为老人的摔到负主要责任，事后法庭宣判彭宇应支付给老人大约6800美元，文章说道：“这件事在中国引起了广泛的关注。”
几年前发行的一款游戏将雷锋赋予了更加时尚的元素却缺少了其本身的那种无私奉献的精神。玩家在游戏中以赢得毛主席的书法为最终目的来做好人好事。
北京的哲学家许攸宇引用了周二的中国南方早报中的一篇文章说道：“文化大革命的宣传使人们不再相信雷锋的故事，宣传家们需要去找到一个新的方式来使人民信服。” 这篇文章也引用了共青团的一句话就是现在很多中国的年轻人不知道雷锋的丰功伟绩，有的学生甚至连雷锋是谁都不知道。
去年，在中国共产党成立90周年前夕，雷锋的故事得以被澄清并且与复兴再生的红色文化的背景相辅相成。正如我的同事爱德华所写道，尽管中共领导人正尝试把文化大革命的唯毛主席独尊的影响逐渐淡化，他们却依旧不停推崇那个时代的神话和偶像，慢慢的向人民群众灌输爱国主义和忠于党的思想。在文化大革命中，学生和党员被要求下乡劳作一个月。并且最值得被关注的是在重庆这个大城市，薄熙来要求学校和国有企业歌唱像《东方红》或者《没有共产党就没有新中国》之类的毛氏红歌。当时有记者报道：“即使是在监狱也要求跟唱类似的红歌。一家精神病院甚至将唱红歌当做是处方开给病人。”http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2012/02/28/blogs/leifeng-rdv/leifeng-rdv-articleInline.jpgA poster of Lei Feng — hero-solider, selfless citizen and Communist Party role model. The top line says, “Learn From the Lei Feng Spirit.” The bottom line: “Love Your Party, Love Your Society, Love Your People.”
HONG KONG — The Chinese Communist Party knows it has a problem. A billion Gordon Gekkos are blooming, but moral standards are withering on the vine. Corruption pervades. Villainy abounds.
Everybody seems to be cutting corners. Contractors add too much sand to their concrete, causing bridges and buildings to collapse. Shoddy designs send bullet trains running off their rails. Milk producers add poisonous chemicals to baby formula. Government officials gamble away municipal funds in the casinos of Macao. A third of China’s wealthiest billionaires are senior leaders supposedly living on meager government salaries — while their kids party in exclusive clubs and flout traffic laws in absurdly expensive cars. Everyday citizens are increasingly angry at the excesses of the so-called Red Nobility, and the societal rift between town and country grows ever more bitter.
Enter Lei Feng to the rescue.
Communist propagandists are going old school, circa 1962, in resurrecting Lei Feng as a paragon of moral virtue and party devotion. They have just launched a 50th anniversary campaign called “Practice Lei Feng Spirit” in an attempt to restore some sense of moral order.
Here’s the brief bio by the official Chinese news agency Xinhua, as published in the People’s Daily newspaper: “Born in late 1940 in central China’s Hunan Province, Lei was orphaned at the age of 7. He started working in a steel mill in 1958, and became an army recruit in 1960 at the age of 20. Lei is known for devoting almost all of his spare time and money to selflessly helping the needy.’’
Some accounts say that Lei died when he was hit in the head by a falling telephone pole that was knocked over by an army truck. His good deeds seemed to know no bounds, from darning his fellow soldiers’ socks to doing other people’s laundry.
“He was respected and remembered for decades as a role model for his selfless altruistic attitude, patriotism and modesty,’’ the Communist Party newspaper Global Times said.
“The ‘Lei Feng Spirit,’ a cultural icon symbolizing selflessness, modesty and dedication, was formed in the 1960s and had an extraordinarily broad impact.’’
According to one entry in the recently published compilation of Lei Feng’s diaries and poems, he aspired to be “a revolutionary screw that never rusts.’’
Lei Feng’s voluminous writings — perhaps forged by publicists, perhaps not — were studied by a generation of Chinese schoolchildren. The scholar Stanley Rosen said Lei’s “ordinary but great communist spirit’’ was linked in party propaganda to his peasant-family background and because he had “suffered great hardships at the hands of the landlord class’’ and then exploitation by the ruling class.
There is substantial evidence that the Lei Feng myth was just that, little more than a folkloric concoction, much like the Soviet propaganda campaign that exaggerated the exploits of Aleksei Stakhanov.
Stakhanov, a Ukrainian coal-mining dynamo, reputedly dug a record 102 tons, singlehandedly, during a single shift in 1935. He made the cover of Time magazine, and Stalin used the ensuing Stakhanovite movement to proclaim the inevitable triumph of socialism over capitalism.
Fifty years later, Mikhail Gorbachev was facing a crippling decrease in productivity by Soviet workers. Enter, again, Aleksei Stakhanov.
“Although the Stakhanovite movement no longer exists as such except in Soviet legend,’’ my colleague Serge Schmemann wrote from Moscow in 1985,“a flood of newspaper and television reports pegged to the anniversary have highlighted some striking similarities between the problems and propaganda of those days and Mr. Gorbachev’s campaign to enhance productivity.’’
The Soviets had productivity, the Chinese have corruption.
The question at hand for Communist Party officials is how well the legend of Lei will play in modern China. Global Times acknowledged that “in today’s society, the Lei Feng Spirit has encountered some problems.’’
The paper even pointed to a specific incident in 2007 that illustrated a growing selfishness and cynicism in China. A latter-day would-be Lei Feng — a young man namedPeng Yu — helped an elderly woman who had fallen while running for a bus. The woman, who was injured, claimed that Mr. Peng was at fault. When a court ordered him to pay the woman the equivalent of $6,800, the paper said, it “caused quite a stir in Chinese society.’’
A Lei Feng video game was published several years ago to make him a little more hip and a little less Beaver Cleaver. Gamers performed good deeds to advance to their ultimate goal — winning a set of Chairman Mao’s collected writings.
“Once the propaganda during the Cultural Revolution became a joke, people didn’t trust the story of Lei Feng anymore,’’ said Xu Youyu, a Beijing philosopher quoted in a story Tuesday in The South China Morning Post. “The propaganda machine needs to find a new way to persuade people.’’
The paper also quoted a Communist Youth League official as saying that many young Chinese don’t know about Lei Feng’s exploits — or even who he was.
The dusting-off of Lei Feng dovetails with a wider revival of “red culture” that began to be orchestrated last year before the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party.
Despite their efforts to put the Mao era behind them, as my colleague Edward Wong has written, Communist Party leaders “still promote the myths and icons of that time to instill patriotism and loyalty in the population.’’
Students and party members have been ordered to work on farms for a month at a time. And party leaders, most notably Bo Xilai in the megacity of Chongqing, have ordered schools and work units at state-owned companies to sing Maoist classics like “The East is Red” and “Without the Communist Party There Would Be No New China.”
In Chongqing, Ed reported, “even prisons are holding singalongs, and one psychiatric hospital has prescribed it for patients.’’
http://bbs.m4.cn/xwb/images/bgimg/icon_logo.png 该贴已经同步到 lilyma06的微博 {:soso_e113:}{:soso_e113:}{:soso_e113:} 嗯，西方殖民者们认为印第安人都是野蛮人，不可能有良知和善行，雷锋这类事情只可能是西方人才会有的（就像华盛顿小时候的樱桃树之类的神迹），，，
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