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【中文标题】世界最佳与最差护照
【原文标题】World's best and worst passports revealed
【登载媒体】CNN
【原文作者】Elaine Yu
【原文链接】http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/01/travel/worlds-best-worst-passports/index.html
最佳护照第十名：匈牙利、捷克、冰岛。2016年签证限制指数根据公民在全球自由旅行的程度给各个国家排序。匈牙利、捷克和冰岛今年排在第10位，他们的公民可以无需签证前往167个国家。
最佳护照第九名：马耳他。马耳他个人投资项目是欧盟批准的第一个靠投资而取得公民资格的项目，也就是为“高级和超高级身家的个人和家庭”提供公民身份。马耳他的护照可以无需签证前往168个国家。
最佳护照第八名：澳大利亚。2015年悉尼，潜水员在澳大利亚国庆日水下庆祝仪式中挥舞国旗。澳大利亚在去年排名第六位，今年下降到第八位。
最佳护照第七名：希腊、新西兰。这两个国家的公民可以无需签证前往171个国家。
最佳护照第六位：加拿大、爱尔兰、卢森堡、挪威、葡萄牙、韩国、瑞士。这些国家的公民可以无需签证前往172个国家。
最佳护照第五位：奥地利、新加坡、日本。
最佳护照第四位：比利时、丹麦、荷兰、美国。这些国家的公民可以无需签证前往174个国家。
最佳护照第三位：芬兰、法国、意大利、西班牙、英国。位于芬兰边境城市伊马特拉的芬兰与俄罗斯的边境线。这些国家的公民可以无需签证前往175个国家。
最佳护照第二位：瑞典。瑞典公民可以无需签证前往176个国家。
世界最佳护照：德国。德国公民似乎是世界上流动性最强的人，如果你持有德国护照，可以无需签证前往全球218个国家和地区中的177个。
最差护照第三位：伊拉克。排名102位，伊拉克公民无需签证只可以前往30个国家。
最差护照第二位：巴基斯坦。巴基斯坦公民无需签证可以前往29个国家。
世界最差护照：阿富汗。阿富汗公民无需签证可以前往25个国家。
说到跨国旅行，有一份旅行文件要比其它文件能打开更多国家的大门，而且它并不是美国护照。
德国公民似乎是世界上流动性最强的人。
根据2016年签证限制指数，德国公民可以无需签证前往全球218个国家和地区中的177个。从2006年开始，恒理环球顾问事务所有限公司和国际航空运输协会每年汇总出一个清单，根据公民不受移民限制在全球旅行的自由度给各个国家排名。
今年的结果显示，世界上最强大的国家在这个问题上并未占据压倒性优势。美国在2014年和2015年排名第一，今年排名第四。
紧跟在德国之后，排名第二的是瑞典，它的公民无需签证可以前往176个国家。芬兰、法国、意大利、西班牙和英国自2013年开始一直排名靠前，今年并列第三位，这让西欧国家的公民享有世界上最优厚的旅行特权。
日本和韩国在2014年和2015年排名前三，但是今年滑落到第六位和第七位。
比利时、丹麦、荷兰与美国一起并列第四位。
排名垫底的“最差护照”国家是阿富汗，排在104位，之后是巴基斯坦、伊拉克、索马里和叙利亚。
自由因素
这份指数清单中所包含的诸多信息值得进一步分析。
经过11年的数据积累，用户可以在网站上比较各个国家的排名，通过地图、表格等方式了解一个国家十年里签证政策的变化。
专门从事移民服务的恒理环球顾问事务所有限公司认为，签证要求“强有力地反映出”一个国家的国际关系。公司代表在接受CNN采访时说：“当一个国家在考虑给予另一个国家的公民免签证入境的特权时，要考虑的因素包括两国的外交关系、签证互惠制度、安全风险等。”2016年的报告显示，没有任何一个国家的排名下降超过三位，而且有一些国家的排名大幅提升。公司因此认为，“免签证”意义上的全球自由流动性普遍有所提升。
1999年独立的东帝汶在2015年5月与欧盟签订了互免签证的协议，让它的排名上升了33位，目前排名57。同时，哥伦比亚的排名提升了25位，目前排名50。作为中国行政特区的香港排名从第16位降到20位。
一个国家财富的增长让他的公民可以在旅游时挥霍大笔的金钱，这也会让它受到更多目的地国家的欢迎。中国目前排名地87位，与柬埔寨并列。它在2015年的排名是第93位，在日本、韩国和美国放松了对中国游客的限制之后，攀升到目前的位置。它现在已经超过了乍得，但低于塞拉利昂。英国和澳大利亚也推出了放松限制中国游客的计划。
差异悬殊
不同国家公民流动性的悬殊差异令人震惊。
富裕国家依然可以让它们的公民在全球范围内自由旅行，而那些被战乱和冲突所困扰的国家只能挣扎在排名的底部。
自2010年以来，阿富汗一直排名垫底。
饱受战乱和经济崩溃破坏的国家，让大批移民和难民涌入欧洲。根据联合国提供的数据，连续两年占据榜首位置的德国，在2014年比世界上任何一个工业化国家都接收了更多的难民。
世界最佳护照（依无需签证可前往的国家数量排序）
1，德国——177
2，瑞典——176
3，芬兰、法国、意大利、西班牙、英国——175
4，比利时、代买、荷兰、美国——174
5，奥地利、日本、新加坡——173
6，加拿大、爱尔兰、卢森堡、挪威、葡萄牙、韩国、瑞士——172
7，希腊、新西兰——171
8，澳大利亚——169
9，马耳他——168
10，捷克、匈牙利、冰岛——167
11，斯洛伐克——165
12，列支敦士登、马来西亚、斯洛文尼亚——164
13，拉脱维亚——163
14，爱沙尼亚、立陶宛——162
15，波兰——161
16，摩纳哥——160
17，塞浦路斯——159
18，圣马力诺——156
19，智利——155
20，香港——154
世界最差护照
94，利比里亚——43
95，布隆迪、朝鲜、缅甸——42
96，孟加拉国、刚果民主共和国、黎巴嫩、斯里兰卡——39
97，科索沃、南苏丹、也门——38
98，厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗、尼泊尔、巴勒斯坦、苏丹——37
99，利比亚——36
100，叙利亚——32
101，索马里——31
102，伊拉克——30
103，巴基斯坦——29
104，阿富汗——25
原文：
Best passports, No. 10: Hungary, Czech Republic, Iceland – The 2016 Visa Restrictions Index ranks nations by how freely their citizens can explore the planet. Hungary, Czech Republic and Iceland tied for 10th this year, with their citizens getting visa-free access to 167 countries.
Best passports, No. 9: Malta – The Malta Individual Investor Program is the first EU-approved citizenship-by-investment program that offers citizenship to "high and ultra-high net worth individuals and families worldwide." Passport holders here get visa-free access to 168 countries.
Best passports, No. 8: Australia – Divers pose with an Australian flag during an Australia Day underwater party in Sydney in 2015. Australia ranked sixth on the list that year, but this year dropped to eighth position on the Visa Restrictions Index.
Best passports, No. 7: Greece, New Zealand – New Zealand and Greece share the seventh spot on the 2016 Visa Restrictions Index. Citizens in these countries can travel to 171 countries with ease.
Best passports, No. 6: Canada, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Switzerland – There was a seven-way tie for sixth spot. Citizens of Canada, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, South Korea and Switzerland have visa-free access to 172 countries and territories.
Best passports, No. 5: Austria, Singapore, Japan – Japanese, Austrians and Singaporeans have the world's fifth most "powerful passports" according to the 2016 Visa Restriction Index.
Best passports, No. 4: Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, U.S. – The Danish passport grants its holders access to 174 countries. It joins Belgium, Netherlands and the U.S. in the fourth spot on the index.
Best passports, No. 3: Finland, France, Italy, Spain, U.K. – Pictured is the border crossing between Finland and Russia in the southern Finnish border town of Imatra. Finland ranks third on the list of "best passports," while the Russian Federation ranks 48th. France, Italy, Spain and the U.K. join Finland in third place, with citizens getting visa-free access to 175 countries.
Best passports, No. 2: Sweden – Swedish passport holders have visa-free access to 176 countries, earning it the second spot on the index.
World's best passport: Germany – German citizens, it seems, have the potential for the greatest mobility in the travel world. With a German passport, travelers can enter 177 out of 218 countries and territories without a visa, according to the 2016 Visa Restrictions Index.
Worst passports, No. 3: Iraq – At 102nd place, Iraqi passport holders are only able to visit 30 countries without a visa.
Worst passports, No. 2: Pakistan – Ranking behind Iraq, Somalia and Syria, Pakistan passport holders can visit 29 countries without a visa.
Worst passports, No. 1: Afghanistan – Coming last on the "travel freedom" index since 2010, Afghan nationals are able to travel to 25 countries without a visa.
When it comes to crossing international frontiers, there's one travel document that opens more doors than any other.
And it isn't a U.S. passport.
German citizens, it seems, have the potential for the greatest mobility in the travel world.
With a German passport, travelers can enter 177 out of 218 countries and territories without a visa, according to the 2016 Visa Restrictions Index.
The list, compiled annually since 2006 by London-based consulting firm Henley and Partners and the International Air Transport Association, ranks nations by how freely their citizens, unencumbered by immigration red tape, can explore the planet.
This year, it shows that citizenship of a superpower doesn't carry the clout it once did.
The United States, which ranked first in 2014 and 2015, has now dropped to fourth place.
Immediately behind Germany, holding its position as runner-up for the second year running, is Sweden with visa-free access to 176 countries.
Finland, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom -- which had topped the list since 2013 -- are now tied for third place, making Northern and Western European citizens the most privileged in international travel.
Japan and South Korea were also among the group in the top three in 2014 and 2015, but have slid down to fifth and sixth place respectively this year.
Belgium, Denmark and Netherlands stand alongside the U.S. in fourth.
At the bottom of the list, labeled countries with the "worst passports," are Afghanistan, at 104, followed by Pakistan, Iraq, Somalia, and Syria.
Freedom factors
Fiddling with the Index's interactive features yields results rich for analysis.
With cumulative data from 11 years, the site allows users to compare multiple countries' scores on a list, a color-coded world map, and a graph, or chart a country's progress regarding visa policies over the decade.
Henley and Partners, a firm specializing in immigration and citizenship services, explains that visa requirements "reflect strongly" on countries' relationships.
"Criteria that a country will consider when considering giving visa-free access to citizens of another country may include diplomatic relationships between the countries, reciprocal visa arrangements, security risks, or risks of violation of visa terms," a representative of Henley and Partners tells CNN.
Observing that no country has dropped more than three places while some made huge leaps, the company concludes that freedom of movement, in terms of "visa-free access," is generally improving around the world.
East Timor, which gained independence in 1999 and signed a mutual visa-waiver agreement with the EU in May of 2015, made the steepest climb of 33 places to land at 57. Meanwhile, Colombia, at 50th, moved up 25 spots.
Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China, fell from 16th to 20th place.
A surge in country wealth that allows citizens to flash their tourism cash may also mean a warmer welcome from other destinations.
China is now at 87, tied with Cambodia, having risen from 93rd place in 2015 after countries like Japan, South Korea and the United States relaxed visa restrictions for Chinese tourists.
It's now above Chad and below Sierra Leone.
The United Kingdom and Australia have also announced plans to further ease requirements to attract Chinese tourists.
Striking disparity
The large disparity between different citizens' travel mobilities is striking.
Wealthy countries continue to afford citizens free movements and opportunities around the world, while countries torn by war and conflict remain stuck on the bottom rung of the list.
Afghanistan has come last since 2010.
Those uprooted by violence and fleeing wars or economic desperation have also been contributing to the rising tide of refugees and migrants entering Europe.
Retaining the Index's top spot from the last two years, Germany received more asylum seekers than any other industrialized country in 2014, according to the United Nations.
World's best passports (by number of countries granting visa-free access)
1) Germany -- 177
2) Sweden -- 176
3) Finland, France, Italy, Spain, UK -- 175
4) Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, U.S. -- 174
5) Austria, Japan, Singapore -- 173
6) Canada, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Switzerland -- 172
7) Greece, New Zealand -- 171
8) Australia -- 169
9) Malta -- 168
10) Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland -- 167
11) Slovakia -- 165
12) Liechtenstein, Malaysia, Slovenia -- 164
13) Latvia -- 163
14) Estonia, Lithuania -- 162
15) Poland -- 161
16) Monaco -- 160
17) Cyprus -- 159
18) San Marino -- 156
19) Chile -- 155
20) Hong Kong -- 154
World's worst passports
94) Liberia -- 43
95) Burundi, North Korea, Myanmar -- 42
96) Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lebanon, Sri Lanka -- 39
97) Kosovo, South Sudan, Yemen -- 38
98) Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Nepal, Palestinian Territory, Sudan -- 37
99) Libya -- 36
100) Syria -- 32
101) Somalia -- 31
102) Iraq -- 30
103) Pakistan -- 29
104) Afghanistan -- 25
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