经济学人：杭州峰会结束了，世界经济有救了？
本帖最后由 kevinhenan 于 2016-9-21 08:47 编辑G20峰会|《经济学人》：杭州峰会结束了，世界经济将会怎样呢？
欢迎打开“我与我们的世界”，从此，让我们一起“纵览世界之风云变幻、洞察社会之脉搏律动、感受个体之生活命运、挖掘自然之点滴奥妙”。
我与我们的世界，既是一个“奋斗”的世界，也是一个“思考”的世界。奋而不思则罔，思而不奋则殆。这个世界，你大，它就大；你小，它就小。
欢迎通过上方公众号名称打开公众号“查看历史信息”来挖掘往期文章，因为，每期都能让你“走近”不一样的世界、带给你不一样的精彩。
本期导读：G20峰会自其诞生以来，每次举办都会吸尽全球目光，此次杭州峰会也不例外，不过，这次峰会有一点不同的是，它是在中国举办。中国本身自己就够全球瞩目的了，再加上各大经济体的领导人齐聚中国亮相，更是了不得。
关于杭州峰会的报道文章可谓铺天盖地，不过，具有特色且能够给人耳目一新的却并不多。本期文章选自《经济学人》关于杭州峰会的一篇文章，来看看它是怎么报道这次峰会的吧。。。
Great show, shame about the substance
驴粪蛋儿，外面儿光
The G20 and the world economy
G20与世界经济
Agreeing to disagree
一致达成不一致
The global economy has many ailments and few easy remedies
全球经济浑身是病，却难有良好药方。
AT ITS first leaders’ summit, the Group of 20’s raison d’être was clear. Held shortly after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in late 2008, the forum of big economies reassured a worried world simply by putting on a show of unity. But as the worst ravages of the financial crisis have faded, the G20 has struggled to find the same sense of purpose. This year’s summit in Hangzhou, in eastern China, which ended on September 5th, pulled leaders’ attention in many different directions.
G20存在的意义，在首次峰会上显得非常清楚。2008年雷曼兄弟轰然崩塌后没多久，全球二十大经济体就召开了首次峰会，向世界展现了团结之势，为世界带来了安慰之感。不过，随着金融危机逐渐远去，G20也开始努力寻找新的共同目标。9月5日结束的G20杭州峰会，汇聚了全球重要的领导人，也推出了多个发展方向。
1.ailment ['eɪlm(ə)nt] n. 小病；不安
2.remedy ['remɪdɪ] vt. 补救；治疗；纠正; n. 补救；治疗；赔偿
3.substance ['sʌbst(ə)ns] n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨
4.raison d'être/ˌreɪzɒ̃ ˈdɛtrə/ French, literally reason for being, The most important reason or purpose for someone or something's existence. 存在的理由;存在的原因
5.ravage ['rævɪdʒ] vt. 毁坏；破坏；掠夺；n. 蹂躏，破坏；vi. 毁坏；掠夺
It was preceded by another display of co-operation: America and China ratified the Paris climate-change agreement. Then work began on a long list of problems, including simmering trade disputes, overstretched central banks, corporate tax avoidance and a populist backlash in several countries against globalisation. The final communiqué ran to more 7,000 words, not counting several lengthy appendices.
杭州峰会正式开幕之前，上演了一幕合作大戏：美中两国批准了巴黎气候变化协议。随之峰会开幕，各国就系列问题展开交锋，包括贸易纠纷、央行作用、跨国避税以及反全球化浪潮等。最后峰会公报有7000多词之长，这还没把更长的几个公报附件算在内。
1.ratify ['rætɪfaɪ] vt. 批准；认可
2.simmer ['sɪmə]vi. 炖；内心充满；即将爆发; vt. 炖; n. 炖；即将沸腾的状态；即将发作
This sprawl frustrated some participants, who wanted a sharper focus on growth. The IMF noted that 2016 will be the fifth straight year of global growth below 3.7%, its average for nearly two decades before the crisis. The G20 economies are likely to miss a target they set themselves in 2014, of lifting their combined output by 2% over the IMF’s then forecast for 2018.
议题如此分散，让某些只想关注经济增长的与会者感到有点沮丧。IMF指出，2016年将是全球经济连续第五年低于金融危机之前二十年的平均增长率3.7%。G20经济体很可能实现不了他们于2014年确定的增长目标，即到2018年把G20产出总值提升2%，这要高于IMF当时的增长预测。
1.sprawl vi. 蔓延；伸开手足躺；无计划地扩展; vt. 懒散地伸开；使蔓生; n. 蔓生；伸开手足躺卧姿势
Judging the G20’s success by growth outcomes is unfair, though, when most of its big members are holding back. America is contemplating a second interest-rate rise. Germany remains sceptical of stimulus. China is at present more intent on defusing financial risks than on ginning up GDP.
只用经济增长来评判G20的成功与否显得有点不太公平，不过，G20成员中，几大主要经济体目前都对收缩性政策有所偏爱。美国在考虑是不是要进行第二次加息，德国对刺激计划忧郁重重，中国的注意力当前更多的是关注如何化解金融风险，而不再是推高GDP。
1.contemplate['kɒntempleɪt] vt. 沉思；注视；思忖；预期；vi. 冥思苦想；深思熟虑
2.intent [ɪn'tent]n. 意图；目的；含义; adj. 专心的；急切的；坚决的
3.defuse vt. 平息；去掉…的雷管；使除去危险性
And there is a more positive reading of the G20’s spread: that it is evolving to tackle, if not quite solve, the range of problems that bedevil the global economy. Although the G20 seems unwieldy, it also has an advantage: flexibility. Lacking a permanent bureaucracy, it can switch emphasis annually, depending on which country is in the chair.
不过，G20也有一个比较积极的表现，那就是，它在努力解决威胁全球经济的系列问题，但是，具体解决效果如何那是另外一回事儿。尽管G20显得有点散乱，但却有一个优势：有弹性。因为没有常设的组织机构，每年G20峰会都可关注不同议题，具体议题则主要取决于轮值主席国。
1.spread vi. 传播；伸展; vt. 传播，散布；展开；伸展；铺开; n. 传播；伸展; adj. 伸展的
2.bedevil vt. 使痛苦；虐待；使苦恼
3.unwieldy [ʌn'wildi] adj. 笨拙的；笨重的；不灵便的；难处理的
China put “innovation” at the heart of its G20 agenda. Vague as that sounds, it was sensible. First, debating whether to rely more on fiscal or on monetary policy to promote growth only gets you so far. In the longer term, progress depends on improved productivity—getting more out of existing resources. Second, at least some of the anger directed at globalisation stems from anxiety about new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, that threaten established patterns of employment. There is no simple answer: the G20 promised to share technology with poor countries and to develop training for workers. But getting the world’s leading economies to think collectively about the downside of innovation was better than nothing.
杭州峰会，中国把“创新”放在了议程的核心地位。“创新”，听起来显得有点含混不清，但稍微细想，就会发现非常合乎情理。首先，讨论需要靠财政政策还是货币政策来刺激增长的话，已没多大意义。长期来看，经济发展需要靠生产力的提升，需要能利用有限的现有资源创造更多产值。其次，反对全球化的声音，不能说全部，至少其中的一部分是源于对新技术的担忧，因为，如人工智能等新技术对传统的就业模式是一种威胁。这个问题有点难办。G20国家已承诺，会与贫穷国家分享技术成果，并会为工人提供培训机会。不过，要让世界上的主要经济体一起讨论创新的负面作用，对此不要报太大希望。
1.vague adj. 模糊的；含糊的；不明确的；暧昧的
2.sensible ['sensɪb(ə)l]adj. 明智的; 通情达理的; 合乎情理的; 意识到的，能感觉到的; n. 可感觉到的东西; 敏感的人;
On specific disputes, alas, little progress was made in Hangzhou. Both America and Europe pushed China to do more to curb its industrial overcapacity, especially in steel. China countered that weak global demand was as much the problem as oversupply. The proposed solution—to establish a forum to monitor global excess steel capacity—was a classic example of agreeing to disagree.
就有关具体分歧议题，杭州峰会上依然没什么进展。美欧都促使中国进一步控制过剩产能，特别是钢铁行业的过剩产能。而中国却反驳说，全球市场需求萎靡也是很重要的问题，不亚于产能过剩。峰会上推出的解决方案是，成立一个论坛来对全球过剩钢铁产能进行监控，这是杭州峰会上各国一致达成不一致的典型案例。
1.alas [ə'læs] int. 唉（表悲伤、遗憾、恐惧、关切等等）
2.counter['kaʊntə] n. 柜台；对立面；计数器；（某些棋盘游戏的）筹码；vt. 反击，还击；反向移动，对着干；反驳，回答；vi. 逆向移动，对着干；反驳；adj. 相反的；adv. 反方向地；背道而驰地
Yet the summit was also a timely reminder of why there is no substitute for such gatherings. Days before it began the European Commission ruled that Apple had underpaid taxes in Ireland, by up to €13 billion ($14.7 billion). That has raised the prospect of a transatlantic tax war, with America hinting at retaliation. Such a conflict would undermine one of the G20’s main achievements: it was a request from the group in 2012 that led the OECD, a club of rich countries, to draft guidelines that make it harder for companies to shift profits to their favoured tax regimes. The Apple case will roll on, but in the meantime the G20 committed itself to more co-ordination on taxes. Within two years, most countries will automatically share information about taxes levied on non-residents, narrowing the scope for evasion.
不过，杭州峰会的举行，也是一个及时的提醒，让人们思考为什么没有其他峰会能替代得了G20。就在杭州峰会开幕前没几天，欧盟委员会做出裁决，苹果公司在爱尔兰少付税金高达130亿欧元，约合147亿美元。该项裁决有可能在大西洋两岸之间激起一场税收战，美国已暗示将采取反击措施。这样的冲突将会削弱G20曾达成的一项重要成就：2012年G20带领发达国家俱乐部OECD起草了一份指导性文件，对试图向税收优惠国转移利润的公司进行更多限制。苹果公司这个案子还会继续发酵，与此同时，G20也在致力于就税收政策进行更多合作。两年内，大多国家将会就非居民税收信息进行自动分享，到时跨国逃税空间就会被极大压缩。
1.retaliation n. 报复；反击；回敬
2.undermine [ʌndə'maɪn]vt. 破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基
To those visiting for the summit, China sought to present an image of strength. The government shut down factories, near and far, to ensure the air was clean. It blanketed Hangzhou with security. And it put on a grand evening gala, featuring a dazzling light show and ballerinas dancing on water. The substance of the meetings was much duller. But the summits will, indeed must, go on.
到访杭州峰会的人很容易感觉到，中国在努力向世人展示一种实力。为确保空气清新，远远近近的工厂被要求停工停产。为确保峰会安全，杭州城内城外布满安全人员。而且，还有一场盛大晚会，灯光秀很是光彩夺目，水上芭蕾让人眼界大开。但是，峰会所能达成的实质内容，却聊胜于无。不过，G20峰会仍会继续进行下去，也必须继续进行下去。
1. blanket ['blæŋkɪt] n. 毛毯，毯子；毯状物，覆盖层；adj. 总括的，全体的；没有限制的；vt. 覆盖，掩盖；用毯覆盖
2.ballerina n. 芭蕾舞女演员，芭蕾舞女
奥巴马：
哟呵～，习大哥、默大姐还挺默契的哦 Q79)
不过呢，老普和小埃又在搞什么鬼 Q76)
完蛋啦，被第二排几位看到我偷看啦 Q69)
Obama:
WOW, Brother Xi and Sister Merkel are so matching
BUT, what tricks the two guys Putin and Erdogan are playing
SHIT, guys in the second row caught me peeping....
注：
1：本文为原创，若发现本文不错，欢迎转发与朋友共享，转载请注明出处。
2：英文原文转自《经济学人》，非商业用途，仅限个人学习之目的。
3：若有任何问题，欢迎与本公众号联系进行沟通。
4：关注可搜索 我与我们的世界 或 meandourworld 也可扫描下方二维码：
编译们 工厂停工停产，损失的是不是中国的钱；什么灯光秀、水上芭蕾，花的是不是中国老百姓的钱！ 奴颜媚骨！！！！
页:
[1]