kevinhenan 发表于 2017-1-2 08:35

地球村儿:2016年度“模范国家”,花落谁家?

咱们地球村儿|《经济学人》:贰零壹陆年度“模范国家”,花落谁家?2017-01-01 从余启 我与我们的世界
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欢迎打开“我与我们的世界”,从此,让我们一起“纵览世界之风云变幻、洞察社会之脉搏律动、感受个体之生活命运、挖掘自然之点滴奥妙”。
我与我们的世界,既是一个“奋斗”的世界,也是一个“思考”的世界。奋而不思则罔,思而不奋则殆。这个世界,你大,它就大;你小,它就小。欢迎通过上方公众号名称打开公众号“查看历史信息”来挖掘往期文章,因为,每期都能让你“走近”不一样的世界、带给你不一样的精彩。
本期导读:中国有个说法,叫做“盖棺定论”,指一个人的是非功过,到死后才能做出结论。这个针对人的说法,对于时间也同样适用。要对贰零壹陆年进行评价,也最好在它彻底结束后再做定论,因为,在当今这个极具不确定性的年代里,超出人们意料的事,随时都有可能发生。
比如,就在贰零壹陆年即将彻底结束的当口,美国总统奥巴马在最后关头又向俄罗斯祭出制裁大棒,关闭俄罗斯在美国的两处办公场所,宣布将35名俄在美情报人员驱逐出境,将两名“通过网络手段盗取公民身份和金融信息”的俄罗斯个人也列入制裁清单。
此举一出白宫的大门儿,就震惊了整个世界。有人认为,奥巴马此举意在报复俄罗斯,会给美俄关系雪上加霜;有人认为,奥巴马是在给即将上台的候任总统特朗普出难题;也有人认为,奥巴马此举只会给自己的政治声誉带来负面影响,只不过是在将要卸任的当口,耍下小脾气,毕竟,奥巴马现在已是秋后的蚂蚱,蹦跶不了几天了。
总而言之一句话:咱们地球村儿里,你来我往,好不热闹。
随着贰零壹陆的彻底结束,贰零壹柒也就彻底开启了,但贰零壹柒这个新年,开启的方式却给村儿里过节的热闹气氛平添了浓重的凉意。当地时间贰零壹柒年壹月壹日凌晨壹点拾伍分许,土耳其伊斯坦布尔一家位于把欧亚大陆分开的博斯普鲁斯海峡边上正在举行跨年活动的俱乐部发生恐袭,到目前为止已造成至少叁拾玖人死亡。
悲剧,始终伴随人类生存着的每一天。不管是在国外,还是在国内,每年也都有五彩斑斓的人间悲剧,以各种各样的方式在不断地上演。就在刚刚过去的贰零壹陆年,逝去的所有人物,不管或大或小,都已彻底漂进了历史的云烟。
死者已死。活者还得继续活。
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4:49The state of states来自我与我们的世界The state of states
各国国情Our country of the year《经济学人》年度国家,花落谁家?
Which country improved the most in 2016?2016年,地球这个村儿里,哪个成员进步最大?
TO WIN The Economist’s country of the year award, it is not enough to be peaceful and rich. We aim to reward improvement. Previous winners include Myanmar and Tunisia, for escaping tyranny and building something resembling democracy. Switzerland, Japan and New Zealand, which were just as lovely a decade ago, need not apply.要想赢得《经济学人》的“年度国家”大奖,光靠国家和平、社会稳定、生活小康是不够的。我们要嘉奖的,是过去一年中取得最大进步的国家。往年的得奖者有缅甸以及突尼斯,嘉奖它们摆脱了暴政、建起了某种程度上的民主。瑞士、日本以及新西兰等国,尽管依旧如十多年前一样那么可人,但压根儿却没资格参赛评奖。
1.tyranny ['tɪr(ə)nɪ] n. 暴政;专横;严酷;残暴的行为(需用复数)2.resemble vt. 类似,像
This year’s contenders include plucky Estonia. Threatened by Vladimir Putin, it is one of the few NATO members to meet its obligation to spend 2% of GDP on defence. One of the poorer countries in Europe, its schoolchildren were nonetheless the continent’s star performers in the most recent PISA science tests. Estonian head teachers have the autonomy to hire and fire and are held accountable for results. It is only a single generation since Estonia was a wretched colony of the Soviet Union; now it looks almost Nordic. Another small country on the shortlist is Iceland (population: 330,000), which was the fastest-growing rich country in 2016. Also, its footballers knocked England (population: 53m) out of a European tournament. Wags noted that the English coach was paid £3.5m a year, whereas Iceland’s was a part-time dentist.本年度的参赛入选者,有波罗的海小国爱沙尼亚,因其所具有的大胆以及勇气而入围。北约成员国中,没几个达到防务支出占GDP比重的2%,而爱沙尼亚却是其中之一,尽管面临着巨邻俄罗斯的威胁。按照欧洲标准来衡量,爱沙尼亚依然较穷,但其中学生在最近一次的PISA科学测试中,与欧洲的其他国家相比,却表现优异。爱沙尼亚的校长们,在教师任免方面也拥有自主权,并会为教育结果担负责任。爱沙尼亚摆脱苏联那种殖民式的蹂躏后,还没过一代人的时间,现在它却已与北欧国家相差无几。另一个入围的小国,是只有33万人口的冰岛,因其成为2016年度经济增长最快的富裕国家而入榜。还有,在欧洲足球锦标赛中,冰岛力压拥有5300万人口的英格兰,把英格兰“剔”了出去。有人打趣说,这可能是因为,英方教练年薪尽管有350万英镑,而冰方教练却是位兼职牙医。
1.contender n. 竞争者;争夺者2.plucky ['plʌkɪ] adj. 有勇气的,大胆的3.PISA: Program for International Student Assessment(国际学生评估项目),一项由经合组织(OECD)统筹的学生能力国际评估计划,主要对接近完成基础教育的15岁学生进行评估,测试学生们能否掌握参与社会所需要的知识与技能4.Nordic ['nɔ:dik] adj. 北欧人的;斯堪的纳维亚的;日耳曼民族的;n. 北欧人;日耳曼民族;斯堪的纳维亚人;具有北欧日尔曼民族外貌特征的人5.wretched ['retʃɪd] adj. 可怜的;卑鄙的;令人苦恼或难受的6.tournament ['tʊənəm(ə)nt] n. 锦标赛,联赛;比赛7.wag vt. 摇摆;摇动;饶舌;vi. 摆动;喋喋不休;蹒跚而行;n. 摇摆;爱说笑打趣的人
China may be a dictatorship with foul air, but it excels on two measures that matter a lot. A report in March concluded that its greenhouse-gas emissions may already have peaked, or will most probably do so within the next decade. And, despite slowing growth, a hefty 14m rural Chinese lifted themselves out of poverty in the most recent year for which data are available (2015), more than anywhere else. But don’t forget the other, richer, democratic Republic of China, which held another free election in 2016. Voters picked a moderate, Tsai Ing-wen, as Taiwan’s first female president. She has so far dealt well with Beijing’s bullying; though she is horribly vulnerable to being let down by Donald Trump if he strikes a grand bargain with the mainland. It is tempting to offer Beijing and Taipei joint first place and call it a “One-China” award. Would they stand on the same podium to accept it?中国,在政治方面可能显得有点儿乌烟瘴气,但在另外两项指标中,表现的确是极好的。三月份的一个报告显示,中国的温室气体排放可能已见顶,随后的几年间也很可能会继续好转。还有,中国经济增速尽管在减缓,但根据2015年以来的统计数据,过去的一年中,约有高达1400万的农村人口告别了贫困,这比其他任何国家的都要多。但也不能忘了还有海峡对岸比较富裕、更为民主的“中华民国”,在2016年,举行了又一场自由选举,选民们选出了不那么激进的蔡英文,让她成为了台湾的首位“女总统”。到目前为止,蔡英文对北京方面的文攻武吓,处理得还算得当,但是,若特朗普向大陆的要价得到满足,蔡英文所面临的局势恐会急剧恶化。或许,给北京和台北设置一项名叫“一个中国”的奖项,让它们并列第一,想必会是个不错的创意,不过,那样的话,它们会否站在同一个领奖台上领受那份嘉奖?
1.foul adj. 犯规的;邪恶的;污秽的;淤塞的;vt. 犯规;弄脏;淤塞;缠住,妨害;vi. 犯规;腐烂;缠结;n. 犯规;缠绕;adv. 违反规则地,不正当地2.hefty ['heftɪ] adj. 重的;肌肉发达的;异常大的;adv. 强有力地;非常;n. 体格健壮的人3.moderate ['mɒd(ə)rət] adj. 稳健的,温和的;适度的,中等的;有节制的;vi. 变缓和,变弱;vt. 节制;减轻4.let down使失望;放下;辜负;减速下降5.tempting ['tem(p)tɪŋ] adj. 吸引/诱惑人的;v. 引诱(tempt的ing形式)6.podium ['pəʊdɪəm] n. 乐队指挥台;矮墙;墩座墙
Canada has stayed sober and liberal even as other rich countries have been intoxicated by illiberal populism. It remains open to trade and immigrants—a fifth of its population is now foreign-born, twice the proportion in the United States. Its prime minister, Justin Trudeau, has negotiated a carbon-pricing deal with nearly all Canadian provinces and vows to legalise pot, too. Just what we would have asked of a former snowboarding coach.加拿大,依然保持着冷静清醒、自由开放的状态,尽管其他富裕国家都已沉醉于疯狂的民粹情绪之中。加拿大依然欢迎贸易以及移民,现在,加拿大人口中,有五分之一的人是在外国出生的,这相当于美国相应比例的两倍。加拿大总理特鲁多,已与国内几乎所有省区敲定了碳交易协议,并准备把大麻合法化,这些也都是我们寄望于曾担任过滑雪教练的特鲁多所需完成的事情。
1.sober ['səʊbə] adj. 冷静的,清醒的;未醉的;vt. 使醒酒,使清醒2.intoxicate [ɪn'tɒksɪkeɪt] vt. 使陶醉;使喝醉;使中毒;vi. 醉3.illiberal [ɪ'lɪb(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 偏执的;吝啬的;粗鄙的;狭隘的;无素养的4.pot: street names for marijuana([,mærɪ'hwɑːnə] n. 大麻;大麻毒品)5.snowboarding ['snobɔrdɪŋ] n. 滑板滑雪(运动);单板滑雪(运动);v. 参加滑雪(snowboard的ing形式)
The dove of peace和平之鸽However, our pick is Colombia, for making peace in 2016. This was a colossal achievement. The conflict between Colombia’s government and the Marxist insurgents of the FARC lasted for half a century and claimed perhaps 220,000 lives. At one point the country was on the brink of becoming a failed state—something that is now inconceivable. FARC guerrillas murdered with abandon, recruited children and occasionally forced girl soldiers who became pregnant to have abortions. They also ran drug, kidnapping and extortion rackets to finance their war. Government troops were brutal, too. Some of them used fake job advertisements to lure innocent men to remote places. They then killed them and claimed the corpses were rebels, making themselves seem more heroic and increasing their odds of promotion.不过,我们最终选择的是哥伦比亚,因其政府与反政府武装在2016年实现了和解,这是一项巨大的成就。哥政府当局与信奉马克思主义的哥武之间的冲突,拖拖拉拉已有半个世纪之久,造成约有22万人丧命。有那么一刻,整个国家几乎处于崩溃的边缘,情势之惨,无法名状。哥武肆意杀戮、雇佣童军,还时不时地强制怀孕女兵进行堕胎。哥武也通过贩卖毒品、绑架诱拐、敲诈勒索来筹集资金。政府军同样残酷无情,有些政府军发布虚假招工信息,吸引无辜的人,领他们到偏僻地带,然后把他们杀害,把尸体当成是叛军的,来展示自己的英勇,并在上级面前进行邀功。
1.colossal adj. 巨大的;异常的,非常的2.insurgent[ɪn'sɜːdʒ(ə)nt] adj. 叛乱的;起义的;n. 叛乱者;起义者3.FARC abbr. 哥伦比亚革命武装力量(Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia)4.guerrilla n. 游击战;游击队5.abandon [ə'bænd(ə)n] n. 放任;狂热;vt. 遗弃;放弃6.extortion racket敲诈7.brutal ['bruːt(ə)l] adj. 残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的8.odds [ɒdz] n. 几率;胜算;不平等;差别
The nightmare ended in 2016—touch wood. President Juan Manuel Santos thrashed out a peace deal with the FARC and submitted it to a referendum. When voters narrowly rejected it, because the FARC leaders were not being punished severely enough, the two sides sat down again and answered some of the objections. The new deal is being pushed through parliament. It would have been preferable to hold another referendum. But if voters want to risk a return to war, they can vote in 2018 for a presidential candidate who promises stiffer penalties for FARC bosses. Meanwhile, rebels are poised to hand in their arms. Like most negotiated peace deals, Colombia’s is incomplete and involves ugly compromises. But the alternative is worse. Colombia is a worthy winner.那样的噩梦,在2016年终于结束,也祈求上帝保佑,不再重演。哥总统桑多斯用尽浑身勇气,与哥武达成了一份和平协议,并将之交付国民公投。可惜公投失败,好在反对的比例不是太高,主要是因为,很多人认为,对哥武领导人的惩罚不够狠。因此,双方又坐下来谈,并对公投结果相关诉求进行了回应。新的和平协议已纳入议会议程,或许,可能还需再进行一次公投。不过,若选民们不怕国家再次陷入战乱,那么,可在2018年大选时,选出一位对哥武领导持强硬立场的总统。哥武方面,现在也做好了交出武器的准备。与其他多数和平谈判协议一样,哥伦比亚的和平协议也不尽完美,也掺杂某些肮脏的交易。但若不这样的话,结果则会更糟。不管怎样,哥伦比亚是一个值得赢取“年度国家”称号的国家。
1.touch wood: 敲敲木头,指接触木制的东西可确保好运、甩掉坏运气,起源于宗教信仰或迷信,最早刊登出现在1908年《威斯敏斯特公报》「Knock on wood」2.thrash[θræʃ] vt. 打;使逆行;vi. 打谷;白忙;猛烈摆动;n. 打谷;逆风浪行进;踢水动作3.referendum [,refə'rendəm] n. 公民投票权;外交官请示书4.objection [əb'dʒekʃ(ə)n] n. 异议,反对;缺陷,缺点;妨碍;拒绝的理由5.stiff adj. 呆板的;坚硬的;严厉的;拘谨的;adv. 僵硬地;彻底地;n. 死尸;令人讨厌者;流通票据;劳动者;vt. 诈骗;失信
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往期精彩:世界楷模|《经济学人》:自由女神,抛弃了美国,北上了加拿大
民主VS民粹|《全球脑库》:民粹主义的本质,在于它的反民主性
死人VS活人|《水调歌头》:人的生命,或重于泰山,或轻于鸿毛
中国式神话|《儒家神话》:神话,在传说中,在古籍里,也在你我身边

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编译们

kevinhenan 发表于 2017-1-3 08:29

地球村儿,真热闹

kevinhenan 发表于 2017-1-3 08:29

地球村儿,真热闹

hegieer 发表于 2017-1-9 19:48

不错

hegieer 发表于 2017-1-18 20:01

北欧东欧的一些国家不错的,北非的个别国家也不错。

打哈欠 发表于 2024-9-5 08:11

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