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【中文标题】俄领导人以中国为榜样
【原文标题】Russia’s Leaders See China as Template for Ruling
【登载媒体】纽约时报* `1 ^0 `2 s+ K0 w) ?; G+ h+ i
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/world/europe/18russia.html3 n"
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【译者】nkjch求真务实 理性交流3 K3 O! I0 ^) I4 ` V6 Y
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。" G, k) Z5 m! W
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-202490-1-1.html
【译文】
Aleksandr D. Zhukov, a Russian deputy prime minister, praised the Chinese Communist Party at a meeting in Suifenhe, China.
俄罗斯副总理亚历山大朱科夫在中国绥芬河举行的一个会议上称赞中国共产党。
MOSCOW — Nearly two decades after the collapse of the Communist Party, Russia’s rulers have hit upon a model for future success: the Communist Party.
莫斯科，在苏共垮台后的20年，俄国统治者们偶然发现了一个能在未来成功的新模式----共产党。
Or at least, the one that reigns next door.
或者至少可以说是在他的隔壁邻居那里当政的（那个党）。
Like an envious underachiever, Vladimir V. Putin’s party, United Russia, is increasingly examining how it can emulate the Chinese Communist Party,
especially its skill in shepherding China through the financial crisis relatively unbowed.
弗拉迪米尔 普京的统一俄罗斯党就像一个满怀嫉妒的后进生一样在越来越多的考察如何努力赶上中共。
United Russia’s leaders even convened a special meeting this month with senior Chinese Communist Party officials to hear firsthand how they wield power.
俄联邦领导人本月甚至召开一个特殊会议来倾听中共高官关于如何运用权力的第一手报告。
In truth, the Russians express no desire to return to Communism as a far-reaching Marxist-Leninist ideology, whether the Soviet version or the much
attenuated one in Beijing. What they admire, it seems, is the Chinese ability to use a one-party system to keep tight control over the country while still
driving significant economic growth.
事实上，作为一个有这深远马列主义思想体系的国家，俄国人并不希望回到共产主义，不论是苏维埃模式还是北京弱化后的模式。他们所赞赏的看起来是中国使用一党体系在保持经济高速增长的同时管理国家的能力。
It is a historical turnabout that resonates, given that the Chinese Communists were inspired by the Soviets, before the two sides had a lengthy rift.
鉴于双方漫长的不和之前中共的灵感来自苏联的历史，这可以说是一次历史性的轮回。
For the Russians, what matters is the countries’ divergent paths in recent decades. They are acutely aware that even as Russia has endured many dark days in its transition to a market economy, China appears to have carried out a fairly similar shift more artfully.
对于俄国人来说，最近10年来两国走的不是同一条路。他们深刻地意识到正当俄罗斯为转变成市场经济而忍受了许多艰苦的岁月时，中国的过渡方式似乎更巧妙。
The Russians also seem almost ashamed that their economy is highly dependent on oil, gas and other natural resources, as if Russia were a third world nation, while China excels at manufacturing products sought by the world.
俄国人似乎也为他们的经济依赖资源出口而感到羞愧，而中国却因制造业而为世界所知。
“The accomplishments of China’s Communist Party in developing its government deserve the highest marks,” Aleksandr D. Zhukov, a deputy prime minister and senior Putin aide, declared at the meeting with Chinese officials on Oct. 9 in the border city of Suifenhe, China, northwest of Vladivostok. “The practical experience they have should be intensely studied.”
“中共政府在发展方面的造诣应该得到高分”，普京的高级副手--朱科夫副总理在10月9日海参崴西北的中国边境城市绥芬河与中国官员的会议上公开表态，“应该积极学习他们的实际经验。”
Mr. Zhukov invited President Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, to United Russia’s convention, in November in St. Petersburg.
朱可夫邀请胡锦涛总书记参加11月在圣彼得堡举行的统一俄罗斯党会议。
The meeting in Suifenhe capped several months of increased contacts between the political parties. In the spring, a high-level United Russia delegation
visited Beijing for several days of talks, and United Russia announced that it would open an office in Beijing for its research arm.
绥芬河会议是两党数月来增强接触的高潮部分。春天的时候一个统一俄罗斯党的高级代表团访问北京，并进行了数天的讨论，该党宣布在北京为他的研究机构建立一个办公室。
The fascination with the Chinese Communist Party underscores United Russia’s lack of a core philosophy. The party has functioned largely as an arm of Mr. Putin’s authority, even campaigning on the slogan “Putin’s Plan.” Lately, it has championed “Russian Conservatism,” without detailing what exactly that is.
对中共的着迷映衬出统一俄罗斯党缺乏一个核心意识的窘态。党很大程度成了普京的一个权力机构，甚至推出“普京计划”的竞选口号。近来该党又提出了“俄罗斯保守主义”，
确没有这一口号的详细说明。
Indeed, whether United Russia’s effort to learn from the Chinese Communist Party is anything more than an intellectual exercise is an open question.
事实上，统一俄罗斯党在学习中共方面的努力是不是仅仅是一项理论研究还是个未解之谜。
Whatever the motivation, Russia in recent years has started moving toward the Chinese model politically and economically. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia plunged into capitalism haphazardly, selling off many industries and loosening regulation. Under Mr. Putin, the government has reversed course, seizing more control over many sectors.
无论什么动机，俄国在最近几年已经开始向中国政经模式方面迈进。苏联解体后，俄罗斯陷入了资本无序化状态，许多工厂被廉价出售，宏观调控松弛。普京领导的政府开始扭转这种局面，在许多方面增强了控制力。
Today, both countries govern with a potent centralized authority, overseeing economies with a mix of private and state industries, although the Russians have long seemed less disciplined in doing so.
现在，两国都采取中央集权制来管理国家，监督这种公私混合型经济，但俄国人在这方面的纪律性明显略逊一筹。
Corruption is worse in Russia than China, according to global indexes, and foreign companies generally consider Russia’s investment climate less hospitable as well, in part because of less respect for property rights.
依据全球指数，俄国的腐败问题比中国更严重，而且外资普遍认为俄罗斯的投资环境不怎么友好，其部分原因是缺乏对财产权的尊重。
Russia has also been unable to match China in modernizing roads, airports, power plants and other infrastructure.
俄罗斯在现代化公路、机场、发电站及其他基础设施方面根本无法和中国相提并论。
And Russia is grappling with myriad health and social problems that have reduced the average life expectancy for men to 60. One consequence is a demographic crisis that is expected to drag down growth.'
同时，俄国还纠缠于无数健康与社会问题，这些问题使俄国男性的平均寿命减少到了60岁。这会导致一个人口统计学上的危机，在可预计的将来这会把增长拖垮。
The world financial crisis accentuated comparisons between the economies, drawing attention to Moscow’s policies. In June, the World Bank projected that China’s economy would grow by 7.2 percent in 2009, while Russia’s would shrink by 7.9 percent.
世界金融危机更加凸显了双方的差异，并引起了莫斯科政治家的注意。六月，世行估计中国2009年度经济增长率为7.2%，而俄罗斯将减少7.9%。
Politically, Russia remains more open than China, with independent (though often co-opted) opposition parties and more freedom of speech. The most obvious contrast involves the Internet, which is censored in China but not in Russia.
在政治上，有独立反对党（尽管常常合作）和更加自由演说的俄罗斯比中国开放的多。最明显的差别在网络方面，中国有网监而俄罗斯没有。
Even so, Mr. Putin’s political aides have long studied how to move the political system to the kind that took root for many decades in countries like Japan and Mexico, with a de facto one-party government under a democratic guise, political analysts said. The Russians tend to gloss over the fact that in many of those countries, long-serving ruling parties have fallen.
分析家指出，虽然如此，普京的政治助手们已经长期研究怎样使像墨西哥和日本那样在民主外表下维持一党政府的政体在本国扎根。俄国人倾向于掩饰很多这样的国家已经把“万年执政”抛弃的事实。
The Kremlin’s strategy was apparent in regional elections last week, when United Russia lieutenants and government officials used strong-arm tactics to squeeze out opposition parties, according to nonpartisan monitoring organizations. United Russia won the vast majority of contests across the country.
克里姆林宫的策略在上月地方选举中已清晰可见，独立观察组织指出统一俄罗斯党的副手和政府官员使用强力手段排挤反对党。于是该党在全国赢得了广泛多数的选票。
Far behind was the Russian Communist Party, which styles itself as the successor to the Soviet one and has some popularity among older people. The Russian Communists have also sought to build ties to their Chinese brethren, but the Chinese leadership prefers to deal with Mr. Putin’s party.
与此大不同的是俄罗斯共产党，他们把自己定义为苏联的继承者并且在老年人中得到广泛支持。俄共也试图与他们旧日的中国同志们建立关系，但中国领导层更喜欢和普京党打交道。
The regional elections highlighted how the Russian government and United Russia have become ever more intertwined. State-run television channels offer highly favorable coverage of the party, and the courts rarely if ever rule against it. United Russia leaders openly acknowledged that they wanted to study how the Chinese maintained the correct balance between the party and government.
这次地方选举突出展示了俄政府与统一俄罗斯党是如何变得更加紧密的。国立电视台提供了对该党高度赞赏的报道，而法院很难得的没有作出对其不利的裁决。统一俄罗斯党公开承认他们想研究中国人如何在党和政府间保持合适的平衡的。
“We are interested in the experience of the party and government structures in China, where cooperation exists between the ruling party and the judicial, legislative and executive authorities,” Vladimir E. Matkhanov, a deputy in Russia’s Parliament, said at the Suifenhe meeting, according to a transcript.)
“我们对中国的党政建设如党规与司法、行政与立法之间合作的经验感兴趣”，杜马代表弗拉基米尔.E.马克汉洛夫在绥芬河会议上说。
United Russia praises the Chinese system without mentioning its repressive aspects. And the party’s stance also appears to clash with repeated declarations by Mr. Putin, the former president and current prime minister, and President Dmitri A. Medvedev that Russia needs a robust multiparty system to thrive.
统一俄罗斯党称赞中国体系而没有提及其残酷的一面。并且党的立场也表现得与前总统现总理普京的反复声明和梅德韦杰夫总统的俄罗斯需要多党体系来兴盛不相称。
The two endorsed the results of Sunday’s local elections, despite widespread reports of fraud, prompting opposition politicians to call their words hollow.
尽管有广泛的欺诈报道反对党还是从周日地方性选举中看出他们言论的空洞。
Sergei S. Mitrokhin, leader of Yabloko, a liberal, pro-Western party that was trounced, said the elections revealed the Kremlin’s true aspirations. And the China talks made them all the more clear, Mr. Mitrokhin said.
在选举中遭到惨败的亲西方自由派政党“亚博卢”领导人谢尔盖·米特罗欣表示，这次选举透露出克里姆林宫的真实愿望，而与中国的对话使一切更加明白。
“To me, the China meeting demonstrated that United Russia wants to establish a single-party dictatorship in Russia, for all time,” he said.
他说：“对我来讲，中国会谈说明统一俄罗斯党想在俄罗斯建立一个永久性的一党专政体制。”
Throughout recent centuries, Russia has flirted with both the West and East, its identity never quite settled, and analysts said that under Mr. Putin, the
political leadership had grown scornful of the idea that the country had to embrace Western notions of democracy or governing.
在近几个世纪以来，俄罗斯一直在同时和东西方打交道，她的身份不断变化，分析家指出普京和俄领导层越来越对这个国家要拥抱西方国家的民主和管理的想法嗤之以鼻。
That in part stems from the backlash stirred in the 1990s, after the Soviet fall, when Russia faced economic hardship and political chaos, which many Putin supporters say the West helped to cause.
这种情况的部分原因来自于90年代的动荡，很多普京的支持者认为苏联解体后俄罗斯面对的经济困难和政治混乱是西方插手的结果。
Dmitri Kosyrev, a political commentator for Russia’s state news agency and author of detective novels set in Asia, said it was only natural that the Kremlin would cast its gaze to the East.
俄国营新闻社政治评论员，以亚洲为背景的侦探小说作家迪米特里·克希雷夫认为，克里姆林宫将目光投向东方的原因仅仅是出于本能。
“When they discovered that there was a way to reform a formally socialist nation into something much better and more efficient, of course they would take note,” Mr. Kosyrev said. “Everyone here sees China as the model, because Russia is not the model.”
“当他们发现有种方式能把一个社会主义国家改革得更好更有效率时，他们当然愿意学习”，克希雷夫说，“因为俄罗斯没能成为榜样，所以这里每个人都把中国当榜样，” |
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