本帖最后由 連長 于 2010-7-23 11:54 编辑
【原文标题】Top 10 Deadliest
【中文标题】世界上十大最致命的地震
【译者】连长
【链接】http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1953425_1953424,00.html
top1: 1556年中国陕西境内
The deadliest quake of all time might be one of the least talked about, considering it occurred nearly 450 years ago. Centered in China's central Shaanxi province, the 1556 quake claimed the lives of some 830,000 people. Why the massive death toll? Blame the quake's strength (8.0 on the Richter scale, or more than 30 times more powerful than the recent quake in Haiti) as well as timing and location. The pre-modern structures were utterly unable to withstand a quake of such force, and massive landslides contributed to the casualties. All told, an area some 500 miles wide was wiped out.
史上最致命的地震也许是最少谈论的地震之一，因为它发生在大约450年前。震中位于中国陕西省境内，1556年的大地震造成约830,000人死亡。为什么死亡如此惨烈？归责于强度（里氏8.0级，简单说来，能量超过最近海地的地震约30倍）、以及时间和地理位置。古代的建筑物根本无法承受如此强烈的地震，大面积的山体垮塌造成严重伤亡。总计摧毁了500英里范围内的大部分屋宅。
top2：1976年中国唐山
China has the misfortune to have had the second deadliest earthquake on record, the 1976 Great Tangshan Earthquake, which struck in the country's northeast. It'd be more accurate to call this a binary quake: an aftershock that struck 16 hours after the initial temblor measured an identical 7.8 on the Richter scale and was equally destructive. Death estimates are hard to pin down — initial reports placed the toll at nearly 700,000, but those have since been revised down to some 250,000. Compounding the massive casualty count was the decision by the Chinese government to accept no international aid in the aftermath of the quakes.
记录显示，中国很不幸的经历了第二致命的地震，1976年唐山大地震震彻整个北中国。称其为双重地震似乎更为准确：主震过后16小时，发生了一次破坏力和主震相当的余震，震级为里氏7.8级。初步的死亡报告无情地定为700,000人，但随后修正为近250，000人。由于中国政府不接受国际援助，地震结果有着大量的伤亡。
top3:印度洋海啸
On Dec. 26, 2004 a 9.2 magnitude earthquake rocked the bottom of the Indian Ocean, releasing energy equivalent to that of 23,000 atomic bombs. The largest earthquake in 40 years, the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (so named because the epicenter was near the west coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra) launched a tsunami across the Indian Ocean, sending a series of waves as high as 50 feet crashing onto the shores of 11 countries. Some people were swept out to sea while others drowned in their homes, unable to escape. According to the U.S. Geological survey, the official death toll was 227,898.
2004年12月26日，一场9.2级的巨大地震震彻印度洋底部，释放的能力相当于23000颗原子弹爆炸。苏门答腊-安达曼岛地震（之所以这样命名是因为震中靠近印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸）是近40年来最大规模的地震，引发的海啸横跨印度洋，引发了一轮浪高50英尺的水波，波及11个国家的海岸。一些在家熟睡的人被扫到海上，无法逃命。经过美国地质勘测部门认可的官方数据显示，约有227,898人死亡。
top4:中国海原
The Dec. 16, 1920 Haiyuan earthquake — which registered a 7.8 magnitude on the Richter scale — caused rivers to change course and sent landslides pouring down mountains. Destruction stretched across seven Chinese provinces. Sujiahe, a town in in Xiji County, was completely buried under a landslide. An estimated 200,000 people died in the disaster, which was felt as far away as Norway. 1920年12月16日的海原地震，记载强度为里氏7.8级之巨-----震动造成河道偏向，并引发山体崩塌滑坡。破坏波及7个省，苏家河是西吉县里的一个小镇，被滑坡全部埋压。据估计，约有200000人死于那场连挪威那么远的地方都能感受到的灾难。
top5:日本关东
Shortly before noon on September 1, 1923, an earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale sent shockwaves through the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area. The violent tremors left few buildings habitable and prompted a tsunami that surged up to 40 ft. (12 m.) high. But the damage continued for days: by the time the fires stemming from the quake were contained, 90% of Yokohama's buildings were reportedly damaged or in ruins, and some two-fifths of Tokyo's had been destroyed — leaving half its population homeless. Nearly 143,000 people died. 1923年9月1日，近中午的时候，一场测定为里氏7.9级的地震冲击波沿东京席卷横滨市区。剧烈震动迅速带来了浪高40英尺（12米）的海啸，只剩下极少数大楼适合居住。灾害持续了数天：直到地震造成的火势被控制时，横滨90%的建筑物都遭到毁坏，一一些化为灰烬，东京也有五分之二的建筑被毁------半数幸存者无家可归。近143,000人死亡。
top6:1948年土库曼斯坦
In a matter of minutes, an October earthquake measuring 7.3 turned the city of Ashgabat into a pile of rubble. A thousand Soviet doctors, nurses and other medical personnel flooded in from Moscow and other cities to aid sufferers in what is now Turkmenistan. Despite their efforts, 110,000 people perished. 仅仅几分钟时间，一场7.3级的地址就将阿什巴哈德市变得满地瓦砾。一千名苏联的医护人员潮水般地从莫斯科和其他城市赶赴土库曼斯坦救治伤员。尽管他们尽了努力，但还是有110,000人死亡。
top7:中国四川省
Over 87,00 people died in China's deadly 2008 earthquake, and an estimated 10 million were left homeless. The 7.9-magnitude disaster struck the mountainous Sichuan Province in western China, destroying millions of buildings and causing an estimated $86 billion worth of damage. Nearly 10,000 children died in schools — trapped under rubble when the buildings collapsed — leading to public outcry and a government investigation that found that as many as 20 percent of primary schools may have been shoddily constructed and unsafe. Grieving parents' initial calls for justice, however, have been silenced to a large extent by intimidation and alleged payoffs.
2008年，超过87000人死于中国的致命地震中，估计有一千万人无家可归。这场7.9级的大灾难袭击了中国西部多山的四川省，百万间房屋被毁，损失超过860亿美元。学校里有近万名儿童死亡-----他们被埋压在垮塌的教学楼下。一份政府的调查数据显示大约20%的学校可能存在不安全的豆腐渣。伤心的父母们最初要求法律制裁，然而他们选择了沉默，很大程度上是由于恐吓和所谓的赔偿。
top8:巴基斯坦控制的克什米尔地区
Kashmir, the site of a prolonged and violent border dispute between India and Pakistan, is beleaguered enough; a massive earthquake on Oct. 8, 2005 only added to the province's woes. Measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale, the quake killed 79,000 and left millions more homeless. The remote, mountainous terrain compounded problems for rescue and recovery efforts, as crews struggled to reach the injured. 克什米尔长期处于印度和巴基斯坦的暴力边境争端中，到处都是骚乱；2005年10月8日，一场大地震更加剧了该地区的苦难。里氏7.6级的地震杀死了79000人，幸存的一百多万人流离失所。偏远、多山的地形使救援和重建工作变得复杂，经过努力，救援队到达了灾区。
top9:意大利墨西拿
By today's standards, the earthquake that struck beneath the Messina Strait — which separates the regions of Sicily and Calabria — on December 28, 1908, was a magnitude 7.5. A subsequent tsunami sent waves as much as 40 feet high crashing into the Italian coast. More than 80,000 people were killed and dozens of towns destroyed. Refugees from Messina were relocated to cities throughout Italy. Many were eventually transported to North America, aboard ships like the Florida — which, before reaching New York City, collided with another vessel, killing three already traumatized Italian passengers. 按照现在的标准，1908年12月28日发生在墨西拿海峡下方的地震震级为里氏7.5级，它分离了西西里岛和卡拉布利亚。随后而来的海啸波浪高达40英尺，摧毁了意大利海岸。超过80000人死亡，许多城镇被毁。墨西拿的难民迁移到了意大利的其他城市。许多人最后被船运送至北美的佛罗里达等地，在抵达纽约之前，跟其他的船撞上了，3名饱受身心伤害的意大利乘客遇难。
top10: 1970年秘鲁钦博特
The Great Peruvian Earthquake hit the coastal town of Chimbote, Peru on May 31, 1970 — measuring a 7.9 magnitude on the Richter scale. The epicenter of the quake was 15 miles away from the city, in the Pacific Ocean, yet the disaster claimed the lives of some 70,000 people and left more than 800,000 homeless. Landslides, with debris traveling at speeds of up to 200 mph down the sides of the Navado Huascaran mountain, destroyed whole villages. Tremors could be felt in Lima — some 400 miles away. 1970年5月31日，一场7.9级的秘鲁大地震袭击了秘鲁和智力的海岸城镇。震中位于太平洋，距离城市约15英里，这场灾难夺去了70000人的生命，幸存的800000人无家可归。山崩和泥石流以200英里每小时的速度沿着瓦斯卡拉山摧毁了沿途所有村落。400英里之外的利马也感受到强烈震动。
| 
狗仔卡
发表于 2010-7-23 11:43
提升卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
楼主