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【中文标题】动荡影响美国对华政策 【原文标题】Shake-Up Could Affect Tone of U.S. Policy on China 【登载媒体】纽约时报 【来源地址】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-3089699-1-1.html 【译者】逆卷炎灵（三流翻译，请多指教） 【翻译方式】人工 【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。 【译文】
Shake-Up Could Affect Tone of U.S. Policy on China By MARK LANDLER Published: April 8, 2011
动荡影响美国对华政策 文：MARK LANDLER 2011年4月8日
WASHINGTON — With tensions rising over China’s crackdown on dissent, the Obama administration is about to lose three of its most prominent players on China policy — a shake-up that could reinforce its efforts to cultivate other Asian countries to counterbalance an increasingly assertive Beijing.
华盛顿——随着中国加大对持不同政见者的打压，奥巴马政府将会失去他在对华政策方面的三个重要人物。这种动荡加大了美国扶持其他亚洲国家以平衡独裁北京的力度。
Jeffrey A. Bader, President Obama’s top China adviser, is leaving the White House, senior officials said on Friday. James B. Steinberg, a deputy secretary of state who focused heavily on China, has announced plans to take a job in academia, while the American ambassador to China, Jon M. Huntsman Jr., will step down at the end of April to explore a bid for the Republican presidential nomination.
周五，高级官员称，杰弗里·贝德（Jeffrey A. Bader），奥巴马总统的最高中国问题顾问，将要离职白宫。副国务卿詹姆斯•斯坦伯格（James B. Steinberg），一直以来偏重中国问题，近日宣布要去学术界任职，与此同时，美国驻华大使洪博培（Jon M. Huntsman Jr）也将在4月底离任，竞逐共和党总统候选人提名。
Taken together, the departures could alter the tone of the administration’s approach to China, one of its most vital but difficult relationships. Mr. Bader will be replaced at the National Security Council by his deputy, Daniel R. Russel, a Japan expert. Mr. Steinberg’s exit raises the profile of Kurt M. Campbell, the assistant secretary for East Asian affairs, who has also worked intensively on Japan.
总的来说，他们的离职将会改变政府对华政策的走向，中美关系，至关重要却难以处理。贝德先生的副手、日本问题专家丹尼尔•拉塞尔（Daniel R. Russel）将接替他在美国国家安全委员会的职务。在斯坦伯格先生退出之后，同样专注与日本问题，负责东亚事务的国务卿助理库尔特•坎贝尔（Kurt M. Campbell），将会在政府决策中发挥更大的作用。
While both Mr. Russel and Mr. Campbell have traveled to Beijing regularly in the last two years, their Japan pedigrees serve as a reminder to China that the United States has other old friends in the region. Since Mr. Obama took office, the United States has worked to shore up alliances with Japan and South Korea and to deepen ties with Indonesia, Vietnam and other neighbors that worry about China’s regional ambitions.
尽管拉塞尔先生、坎贝尔先生在最近两年经常去北京，然而他们的日本“血统”确在提醒中国，美国在东亚有日本这个老朋友。自奥巴马任职以来，美国一直在巩固日韩联盟，加深跟印尼、越南及其他邻国的关系，担心中国在这个地区的野心。
White House officials played down any message in the changes, noting that China policy is coordinated by the national security adviser, Thomas E. Donilon, and that Mr. Obama has met the Chinese president, Hu Jintao, eight times — an unusual amount of contact that demonstrates the importance that the administration attaches to China.
白宫官方压低了这些人事变动的消息，并且指出，对华政策由国家安全顾问调整。托马斯·多尼隆（Thomas E. Donilon）和奥巴马先生已经八次会见中国主席胡锦涛，频繁的会见说明了政府与中国关系的重要性。
“We’re going to have challenges going forward,” Mr. Donilon said of China in an interview on Thursday. “But we work from a better base, and more important, we work from a stronger base in the region.”
“往前，我们将会面临挑战”，多尼隆显示在周四对华访问中说道：“但我们的工作有着更多的基础，更重要的是，在“这个地区”我们的工作有着更坚实的基础。”
Among those challenges is China’s recent detention of dozens of lawyers, journalists, artists and human-rights advocates, which American officials said appeared to be aimed at preventing the Arab world’s uprisings from spreading to China. The State Department cited the arrests in its annual human-rights report, issued Friday, and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton bluntly criticized China.
其中一个挑战，则是中国最近拘留数十名律师、记者、艺术家及人权抗议者，美国官方称其旨在阻止阿拉伯世界的起义蔓延到中国。国务院引证周五发布的年度人权报告中的拘留消息，以及国务卿希拉里对中国直率的批评，表达了这一看法。
On Wednesday, Ambassador Huntsman used a farewell speech in China to deliver a rebuke of Chinese authorities for detaining Ai Weiwei, a Beijing artist, as he was trying to board a flight to Hong Kong on Sunday. Mr. Huntsman also said China had wrongly jailed an American geologist, Xue Feng, who was accused of stealing state secrets while researching the Chinese oil industry.
在周四，洪博培大使在告别演讲中表达了对中国当局拘捕艾未未的指责，艾未未是北京的艺术家，周日在飞往香港的航班中被捕。洪博培先生也称中国误判了一名美国地理学家，薛峰，在调查中国石油工业时，被指控盗窃国家机密罪。
Mr. Huntsman has been in an awkward spot, still serving as Mr. Obama’s emissary even though there were indications that he might challenge him for the presidency in 2012. But administration officials said his remarks faithfully echoed the administration’s criticism.
洪博培显示正处于一个尴尬的局面，尽管有迹象表面他可能挑战2012年的总统竞选，他仍是奥巴马的大使。但官方称他的言论忠实地附合了官方的批评。
Mr. Huntsman’s successor will be Gary Locke, the former governor of Washington, who is now commerce secretary. A senior official predicted that Mr. Locke would be warmly received in China because of his status as one of the highest-ranking Chinese-Americans in the government, as well as his record in Washington State, where he worked on trade ties with China for local exporters like Boeing.
洪博培先生的继任者将是骆家辉（Gary Locke），前任华盛顿州长，现任商务部长。一名高级官员预测，骆家辉作为对中美关系最熟悉的官员之一，在华盛顿对促进当地对华出口贸易，比如波音这样的公司，因此可以轻松上任。
Trade friction between Beijing and Washington has eased in recent weeks, with the upswing in the American economy and a modest rise in the value of China’s currency. In February, the Treasury Department declined again, in a twice-yearly report, to cite China for manipulating its currency, though it said the currency, the renminbi, remained “substantially undervalued” compared to the dollar.
随着中国对美国经济的影响不断加深以及人民币缓慢的升值，在最近几周里，中美之间的贸易摩擦变得不那么重要。尽管财务部认为，与美元相比人民币实质上仍被低估，但2月份财务部在一年两次的报告中再度否认中国人为操纵货币的说法。
The White House pointed to signs of improvement, including China’s decision not to veto a United Nations resolution authorizing military action in Libya, as well as its support for sanctions against Iran. Chinese officials are toning down maritime claims in the South China Sea, an issue that flared last year when Mrs. Clinton said the United States wanted to help resolve disputes between China and its neighbors.
白宫指出了一些中美关系改善的迹象，中国在联合国授权对利比亚军事行动的决议上投了弃权票，在对制裁伊朗问题上表示支持。在去年，希拉里称美国会帮助中国解决周边问题，中国官方对南海海事问题提出议题，而今，中国降低了对这些主张的声调。
After a fraught period between the two countries over disputes like climate change and North Korea, Mr. Hu had a smooth state visit in January. It had been exhaustively planned by Mr. Donilon and Mr. Bader, who traveled to Beijing last fall with Mr. Obama’s former top economic adviser, Lawrence H. Summers. It was a trip that cemented Mr. Donilon as the key administration figure on China.
中美间关于气候、朝鲜问题方面的争端让中美两国度过了一段忧虑的时期，随后，胡锦涛先生在2月份进行了一次友好访问。多尼隆、贝德去年秋天与奥巴马首席经济顾问劳伦斯·萨默斯（Lawrence H. Summers）一起去了北京，精心安排了这次访问。这次访问，让多尼隆先生成了与中国外交的关键人物。
Mr. Donilon has kept up his contacts with Chinese officials, but he is not a China hand by background or education.
多尼隆先生一直与中国官方保持交往，但他既不是天生的中国通，也不是后生的中国通。
With Mr. Bader’s departure for the Brookings Institution, the administration is losing a Chinese-speaking official whose involvement with China goes back to the normalization of relations in 1979. He also came up with the idea of appointing Mr. Huntsman, then the governor of Utah, who had been a Mormon missionary in Taiwan.
随着贝德先生离职布鲁金斯学会，政府正失去一名会讲中文的，参与1979年中美关系正常化的官员。他也提出了任命洪博培的主意，担任过犹他州州长，做过台湾的摩门教传教士。
Mr. Bader’s replacement, Mr. Russel, speaks Japanese and was consul general in Osaka, Japan, from 2005 to 2008. Noting that he worked at the United Nations and in Europe, Mr. Russel said that an official’s focus could not be extrapolated from his background “because their focus is what the president’s focus is.”
贝德先生的继任者，拉塞尔先生，讲日语，在2005至2008年做日本大阪领事。需要指出的，他曾在联合国和欧洲工作，拉塞尔先生说，不能因背景而推测一名官员的政治方向，因为“他们必须和总统保持步调一致”。
For all his history with China, Mr. Bader was the architect of a policy that has stressed tightening ties with all the countries around it. He said Mr. Russel’s regional focus made him the right choice to carry that forward.
从他与中国的历史来看，贝德先生是一名强调搞好周边关系的政策设计师。他说，拉塞尔先生的区域外交策略使他成为面对以后的最佳选择。
Steven Lee Myers contributed reporting.
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发表于 2011-4-12 13:01
这些人就是在穿着皇帝盛装的裸奔政客！谁不知道谁啊！
