本帖最后由 lilyma06 于 2011-10-24 14:42 编辑
【原文标题】What does Gaddafi's death mean for Africa? 【中文标题】卡扎菲丧命对非洲意味着什么？ 【登载媒体】BBC
【来源地址】http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15392189 【译 者】 yusuf1124
【翻译方式】 人工
【声 明】本翻译供 Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。 【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-3216634-1-1.html 【译 文】 file:///C:/Users/zhang/AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml/wps_clip_image-31762.png A grandson of Nelson Mandela is named Gadaffi - a sign of how popular the late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi once was in South Africa and many other African countries.
With his image of a revolutionary, Col Gaddafi inspired South Africans to fight for their liberation, funding and arming the anti-apartheid movement as it fought white minority rule.
尼尔逊曼德拉其中一个孙子名字也叫卡扎菲--这显示着已故利比亚领导穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲在南非和很多其他非洲国家曾经是多么的出名。
卡扎菲，以其革命的形象，通过赞助并武装反种族隔离运动激励了南非人民对抗白色人种统治。
However, he also backed notorious rebel groups in Liberia and Sierra Leone and his demise could serve as a warning to the continent's other "big-man" rulers.
After Mr Mandela became South Africa's first black president in 1994, he rejected pressure from Western leaders - including then-US President Bill Clinton - to sever ties with Col Gaddafi, who bankrolled his election campaign.
然而，他同时也支持利比里亚和塞拉利昂臭名昭著的叛军。他的去世对非洲大陆的其他独裁统治着起到了警示作用。
1994年，曼德拉成为南非第一任黑人总统后，包括当时美国总统比尔克林顿在内的西方领导向他施压，要求曼德拉同资助其竞选的卡扎菲断绝关系。而曼德拉断然拒绝。
"Those who feel irritated by our friendship with President Gaddafi can go jump in the pool," he said. Instead, Mr Mandela played a key role in ending Col Gaddafi's pariah status in the West by brokering a deal with the UK over the 1988 Lockerbie bombing.
他说道：“那些被我和卡扎菲总统的友谊所激怒的人可以去跳河了。” 反而，在消除西方社会眼中卡扎菲的卑微地位，曼德拉担当了重要角色。在1988年洛克比空难事件中，曼德拉同英国达成了一项协议。
It led to Col Gaddafi handing over Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi for trial in Scotland. He was convicted in 2001, before being released eight years later on compassionate grounds - a decision Mr Mandela welcomed.
卡扎菲最终把阿卜杜拉巴塞特 阿里 默罕默德 迈格拉希递交到苏格拉接受审讯。后者在2001被定罪，并在八年后出于人道主义被释放。曼德拉对这项决定表示了首肯。
Mr Mandela saw the Lockerbie deal as one of his biggest foreign policy achievements.
"No-one can deny that the friendship and trust between South Africa and Libya played a significant part in arriving at this solution... It vindicates our view that talking to one another and searching for peaceful solutions remain the surest way to resolve differences and advance peace and progress in the world," he said in 1999, as he approached the end of his presidency.
曼德拉视洛克比协议为他最大外交政策成就之一。 “不得不承认在促成此解决方案中，南非和利比亚之间的友谊和信任起到了关键作用。曼德拉在其总统生涯后期，1999 年说道：“这证明我们的观点是正确的。我们认为沟通并追求和平解决方案依然是消除分歧和促进世界和平进步最可靠的办法。
"It was pure expediency to call on democratic South Africa to turn its back on Libya and [Col] Gaddafi, who had assisted us in obtaining democracy."
“号召民主的南非背弃利比亚和卡扎菲仅是权宜之计。后者曾帮助我们争取到了民主。”
'Vanquished' 被征服 Col Gaddafi's position in Africa was paradoxical. Just as he backed pro-democracy causes, he also fuelled rebellions in countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leone and supported Uganda's infamous dictator Idi Amin.
卡扎菲在非洲的地位是自相矛盾的。他支持民主事业，但同时赞助利比里亚和塞拉利昂等国家的叛乱。卡扎菲还曾经支持过臭名昭著的乌干达独裁者伊迪·阿敏。
African leaders tended to overlook this.
"Muammar Gaddafi, whatever his faults, is a true nationalist. I prefer nationalists to puppets of foreign interests," Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni said in February.
非洲领导常常忽略这一点。
乌干达总统约韦里·穆塞韦尼在二月份说过：“无论卡扎菲有哪些缺陷，他是一名真正的国家主义者。相对于国外傀儡，我更欣赏国家主义者。”
"Therefore, the independent-minded Gaddafi had some positive contribution to Libya, I believe, as well as Africa and the Third World. “因此我相信，独立有主见的卡扎菲对利比亚和非洲和第三世界做出了某些积极的贡献。” file:///C:/Users/zhang/AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml/wps_clip_image-13852.png Col Gaddafi was declared Africa's "king of kings" 卡扎菲被宣布为非洲的万王之王
"We should also remember, as part of that independent-mindedness, he expelled British and American military bases from Libya [after he took power]," Mr Museveni said.
Col Gaddafi played a prominent role in the formation of the African Union (AU) - a body in which he wielded enormous influence because he was one of its major financiers.
穆塞韦尼说过：“作为独立主见的一部分，同时我们应该记住，卡扎菲掌权后曾把英国和美国 军事基地从利比亚驱逐出去。”
在组建非洲联盟中，卡扎菲起到了关键作用。作为主要资助商，卡扎菲在非洲联盟曾拥有深远的影响力。
At an AU summit in 2008, he got many African traditional leaders to declare him the continent's "king of kings". A spokesman for one of those traditional leaders - Uganda's Tooro kingdom - says Col Gaddafi was a "visionary" and would be missed.
在2008的非盟会议中，他曾让很多传统非洲领导宣布他为非洲万王之王。
那些传统领导中之一，乌干达的土柔王国的发言人曾称卡扎菲是为具有远见的领导，将会被人们铭记。
"We saw the human side of him - not Gaddafi the colonel or the proverbial terrorist as the Americans and Europeans described him," Philip Winyi said.
"In spite of what many see as his weaknesses, he has done quite a lot for Africa, contributing to the building of infrastructure."
Philip Winyi：“我们能看到卡扎菲人性的一面，而非美国和欧洲所描述的恐怖分子上校卡扎菲。” “尽管很多人看到了卡扎菲的缺点，他为非洲也做出很多贡献，促进了基础建设。”
Col Gaddafi pushed for a United States of Africa to rival the US and the European Union (EU). "We want an African military to defend Africa. We want a single currency. We want one African passport," he said.
卡扎菲努力争取设立非洲合众国来抗衡美国和欧盟。
卡扎菲说过：“我们想要一只非洲军队来保卫自己。我们想要统一的货币。我们想要统一的非洲护照。”
Africa's other leaders paid lip-service to achieving this vision but none seemed very serious about putting it into practice.
In a BBC interview after Col Gaddafi's death, Kenya's Foreign Minister Moses Wetangula said the late Libyan leader sometimes showed a violent streak at AU meetings.
对于达成这一愿景，其他非洲领导只是口头说说而已，并没有付诸于实施。
卡扎菲去世后，肯尼亚外交部长摩西韦坦古拉在接受BBC采访时说道，已故的利比亚领导有时候在非盟会议中显得脾气暴躁。 He really suppressed Libyan people and vanquished them to the extent that in one of many AU meetings we saw him slap his foreign minister in our presence, which is something unexpected of any dignified and self-respecting head of state," Mr Wetangula told the BBC's Focus on Africa programme.
韦坦古拉在接受BBC聚焦非洲频道采访说：“卡扎菲的确在镇压并征服利比亚人民。在一次非盟会议中他曾当着我们面掌掴利比亚外交部长。这令任何有尊严的，自重的国家元首感到意外。”
Mugabe and Gaddafi 穆加比（津巴布韦总统）和卡扎菲
An AU expert with the South African Institute for International Affairs, Kathryn Sturman, says Col Gaddafi's death will have a profound effect on the AU.
"It's the end of an era for the AU. Libya was one of the big five [along with South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt and Algeria] financial contributors of the organisation. It paid 15% [of its budget], and also the membership fees of countries in arrears, like Malawi," Ms Sturman said.
一位来自南非国际事务研究所的非盟专家，Kathryn Sturman说道卡扎菲的去世将对非盟产生冲击。
Sturman说道：“这将是非盟时代的终结。连同南非，尼日利亚，埃及和阿尔及利亚，利比亚是是非盟的五大赞助者之一。利比亚支付了非盟预算的15%，还有马拉维这些国家拖欠的会员费。”
"The new government in Libya is not going to be well disposed to the AU [which opposed the Nato-led intervention in Libya]."
Ms Sturman said that while the AU financial woes may worsen, it may work more effectively in the post-Gaddafi era.
“利比亚新政府将不再对非盟抱有好感（新政府反对以北约为首对利比亚的干涉)”
Sturman说道虽然非盟金融危机可能恶化，但是在后卡扎菲时代可能会高效工作。
"He was very adamant about pursuing a United States of Africa - and was quite obstructive in attempts to bring about deeper regional integration."
Last week, South Africa's President Jacob Zuma - whose government initially backed Nato intervention, but then denounced it - echoed a similar view in a foreign policy speech.
“他坚定不移的追求建立非洲合众国。又设法阻扰更加深入的区域一体化。”
上周，南非总统雅各布祖玛--南非政府一开始支持，后来却谴责北约的干预--在一次外交政策演说中提出了类似的观点。
"Colonel Gaddafi spent a lot of time discussing a unity government for Africa that was impossible to implement now. He was in a hurry for this, possibly because he wanted to head it up himself.
"I had arguments with him about it several times. The AU will work better now without his delaying it and with some members no longer feeling as intimidated by him as they did," the South African president said.
“卡扎菲上校费尽心思讨论建立的非洲联合政府现在看来是不可能实现了。卡扎菲急于达成此目的，很可能是因为他自己想担任联合政府领导。
南非总统说道：“关于这个我和他有过几次争吵。现在没有了卡扎菲耽搁它，再加一些成员国不在被他胁迫，非盟将会更卓有成效地运作。”
It is an open secret in political circles that some African leaders are also intimated by Zimbabwe's President Robert Mugabe, who remained a staunch ally of Col Gaddafi until his death.
Having spearheaded Zimbabwe's independence struggle, Mr Mugabe - who has been in office since 1980 - portrays the opposition as "puppets" of the West as he tries to hang on to power.
一些非洲领导同时也遭受津巴布韦总统罗伯特穆加贝的威胁，这在政界已是公开的秘密。穆加贝一直是卡扎菲坚定的同盟直到后者去世。
自1980年任职的穆加贝一直致力于津巴布韦的独立斗争。他扮演者西方傀儡的对立角色并试图紧握权利。
But as Col Gaddafi's fate shows, such rhetoric no longer strikes a chord with most Africans - a point South Africa's Nobel Peace laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu made when he told the BBC's Focus on Africa programme:
"He [Gaddafi] had this wonderful dream about a United States of Africa - like [Ghana's post-independence leader] Kwame Nkrumah, but I think we are going to remember what happened in the latter days of his rule when he actually bombed his own people."
正如卡扎菲的命运向我们所展示的，这样的言辞不再引起大多非洲人民的共鸣。当接受BBC聚焦非洲频道采访时，南非诺贝尔和平奖获得者图图大主教表达了他的观点。
“就像加纳独立后的领导Kwame Nkrumah一样，卡扎菲抱有建立非洲合众国的梦想。但是当卡扎菲开始轰炸自己人民后，我们将铭记在他任职后期发生了什么。”
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