本帖最后由 武大郎 于 2011-11-13 20:51 编辑
【中文标题】利比亚战争续集：国际法庭的逆袭？
【原文标题】NATO Worried by Possible International Criminal Court Probe Over Libya
【登载媒体】福克斯
【来源地址】http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/11/11/nato-worried-by-possible-international-criminal-court-probe-over-libya/
【译 者】武大郎
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】
BRUSSELS – NATO officials are worried that their organization may be investigated by the International Criminal Court after its prosecutor said allegations of crimes committed by NATO in Libya would be examined "impartially and independently," according to diplomats accredited to NATO headquarters. 布鲁塞尔——根据国际法庭派往北约总部的外交官的消息，国际法院最高法官说道，对于北约在利比亚罪行的指控将会被公证独立地审查，对此，北约官员担心北约组织可能会被国际法庭调查。 The diplomats said action to pre-empt a war crimes investigation would likely include an immediate internal legal review of all incidents in which NATO bombing or other actions caused civilian casualties. They spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue. 这些外交官说道，对这场先声夺人的战争的调查包括对北约造成平民伤亡的轰炸等事件立刻进行内部法律性的回顾。 由于事件的敏感性，他们并未透漏自己的姓名。 The alliance has always maintained that its operations in Libya were carried out strictly in keeping with a U.N. Security Council resolution that authorized member states "to take all necessary measures to protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack" in the North African country. 北约联盟一直坚持认定，他们在利比亚的行动一直都严格执行联合国安理会的要求，即在北非各国，要“采取一切必要措施保护平民和平民聚集区域免收袭击”。 NATO leaders have repeatedly hailed the precision with which the mission was carried out, citing the small number of civilian deaths caused by the bombing as evidence of its success. 北约领导者们一再称赞这次军事打击行动的精确性，他们用只有少量平民死于轰炸来佐证自己的观点。 Still, in a briefing to the Security Council on Nov. 2, International Criminal Court prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo said "there are allegations of crimes committed by NATO forces (and) these allegations will be examined impartially and independently." 尽管如此，在国际法庭检察官路易斯·莫雷诺·奥坎波11月2号向安理会的工作汇报中， 他仍说道“有人指控北约在利比亚的罪行，这些指控将被公正独立的审查”。 Moreno-Ocampo did not elaborate further on the accusations against NATO forces, or who was making them. His office is currently focusing on crimes committed by members of the ousted Gadhafi regime and is waiting for a report by a U.N. Commission of Inquiry in Libya, due in March, before deciding whether to proceed with a formal investigation into alleged crimes by NATO. 莫雷诺·奥坎波并未详细说明对北约武力的指控问题。他们目前关注的是卡扎菲政权所犯的罪行，同时正在等待联合国调查委员会对于三月份所发生事件的报告，在此之后，他们才能决定是否对北约的涉嫌罪行进行正式调查。 NATO has said it was confident its actions were in compliance with international law. "In the event we receive a request for information, NATO is prepared to assist in any way it can," said an official who could not be identified under standing rules. 北约已经宣称，他们确信自己的行为符合国际法。北约一位官员说道，“在这次事件中，我们被要求提供相关信息，对此，北约会尽其所能提供协助”。 Officials from the alliance say that between March and October NATO warplanes flew 26,000 sorties, including more than 9,600 strike missions, destroying more than 1,000 tanks, vehicles, and guns, as well as buildings claimed to have housed "command and control" centers. These included facilities such as Moammar Gadhafi's heavily fortified compound in Tripoli, but also residential homes of his supporters -- targets which could be considered outside the UN mandate. 北约官员称，在3月份到11月份之间北约战斗机共起飞26000架次，其中包括9600次轰炸任务，共摧毁超过1000辆坦克，交通工具以及火炮，同时还包括一些被认为藏有“命令和控制”中心的建筑。这些被摧毁目标的中包括卡扎菲位于的黎波里的居住区，但也有很多他的支持者的住所，而这些平民住所并不在联合国授权攻击范围内。 NATO is already involved in a civil suit in Belgium that accuses the alliance of killing 13 civilians in the bombing of a residential compound near Libya's capital, Tripoli. Attorneys for the plaintiffs say that, although NATO and other international organizations enjoy diplomatic immunity in criminal cases, they fall under Belgian jurisdiction in civil suits. The immunity applies only to those holding diplomatic status. 北约其实已经被卷入了一场民事诉讼，指控其轰炸利比亚首都附近的的居住区导致13名平民死亡。原告方的律师说道，尽管北约和其它国际组织在刑事案件中享受外交豁免权，但在这场民事诉讼中他们得受到比利时司法的管辖。 豁免权只对那些有外交身份的人起作用。 The definition of war crimes, as described by international conventions on the laws of war, includes any destruction of civilian targets not justified by military necessity. It has been invoked in a number of trials dealing with a number of conflicts, including those in Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo. 根据有关战争法的国际公约，战争罪的定义包括对没有军事打击必要性的平民目标的任何破坏。这一点已经在很多地区冲突的审理中被引用到，例如在波斯尼亚，克罗地亚和科索沃的战争处理。 The possibility of an ICC probe is already causing friction within the alliance, officials said. At a meeting last week of NATO ambassadors and their counterparts from partner countries, the Russian ambassador, Dmitry Rogozin, noted a number of airstrikes could be considered potential war crimes. But envoys from some nations that participated in the bombing reacted angrily, describing the comment as "libel." 相关官员称，国际法院可能实施的彻查已经引起了缔约国内部的一些摩擦。在上周的北约及其伙伴国家的代表会议上，俄罗斯代表罗戈津列出了一些可能被认定是战争罪行空袭行动。但一些参与轰炸的国家代表愤怒地表示，这些都是“诽谤”。 A French Rafale fighter-bomber is said to have bombed a convoy of vehicles fleeing Gadhafi's besieged hometown of Sirte last month, resulting in the capture and subsequent killing of the dictator by opposition forces. The incident is particularly controversial because during the siege -- characterized by massive shelling of Sirte's downtown area by the former rebels -- NATO warplanes never struck the attackers. Instead, they attacked a fleeing convoy of civilian vehicles. 据称，法国“阵风”战斗机参与了对一支从卡扎菲家乡苏特尔出逃的车队的轰炸，导致卡扎菲被反对势力捕获并杀害。 这次事件十分矛盾，因为在反对势力大规模炮轰苏特尔的闹市区时，北约战机从未打击过这些攻击者。相反，他们却袭击了从苏特尔出逃的平民车队。 Lt. Gen. Charles Bouchard, the Canadian who commanded the NATO operation, explained that commanders ordered the strikes because they believed the convoy would try to link up with other pockets of pro-Gadhafi resistance in the west. 这次北约行动的最高指挥官布夏尔中将解释道，指挥官们认为这些车队是在试图与利比亚西部的亲卡扎菲势力取得联系，因此下令攻击。 While Moreno-Ocampo has said allegations of NATO crimes would be examined, that does not necessarily mean he will open a formal investigation. Depending on the U.N. commission's findings, he could decide there is no need for further investigations or ask judges for authorization to open a formal probe. He could also determine that there are proceedings at the national level that would negate the need for a case to be brought before the ICC, a court of last resort. "We are not talking about any specific incident. We are saying, 'Yes, if there are allegations of crimes we will review that,"' Moreno-Ocampo told The Associated Press. 尽管莫雷诺·奥坎波说过北约的辩词将被审查，但这并不意味着他一定会启动正是的调查程序。他会根据联合国委员会的调查结果来决定是否有必要进一步调查。同时，他还将决定是否在国家一级进行法律程序，若如此，案例将不会在国际刑事法庭上提出。 莫雷诺·奥坎波告诉美联社，“我们不是在讨论任何个别的事件。我们的意思是，‘如果有对罪行的指控，我们将对事件重新审查’”。 Currently, nearly 120 states are parties to the ICC. All European NATO members and Canada have accepted its jurisdiction. Since NATO is not a signatory to the ICC treaty, it would appear likely that any violations of the conventions on the laws of war would require direct dealings between the court and its member states, and not with NATO as an institution. 到目前为止，有近120个国家加入国际刑事法庭。所有欧洲的北约成员国和加拿大都接受其管辖。 但由于北约并未签署国际法庭的规约，因此违反战争法协议的行为可能需要在法庭与各成员国之间解决，而不是把北约当作一个机构来处理。 The operation's critics -- including Russia, China and the African Union -- have argued that NATO misused the limited U.N. resolution as a pretext to promote regime change in Libya. Its daily air raids were instrumental in enabling the ragtag rebel forces to advance on Tripoli and later capture the rest of the country. The issue threatens to have far-reaching consequences for future U.N. interventions. 包括俄罗斯、中国和非盟在内的北约行动批判者们认为，北约滥用联合国的授权，并以此为借口来颠覆利比亚政权。北约夜以继日的轰炸使得反对势力在的黎波里占据优势，并最终占领全国。 这会对今后的联合国干涉行动带来不好的影响。 Russia and China have already vetoed a Security Council resolution that would have imposed sanctions on Syria for its violent crackdown on opposition demonstrators, arguing that NATO could again misuse a U.N. measure to justify months of air strikes. "If there were to be evidence that NATO is also involved in activities illegal under international law, something should be done about that," said Nicolas Beger, director of the Amnesty International European Institutions office. "Nobody should be allowed to commit war crimes, and nobody should be able to get away with it." He also said there needed to be an impartial probe into Gadhafi's death. "If he was captured alive and then killed, that's a war crime. That's clear." 中俄已经否决了安理会针对叙利亚武力镇压行走示威行动的制裁决议，称北约可能再次滥用联合国的授权而对叙利亚狂轰滥炸。 国际特赦组织欧洲机构董事尼古拉斯1伯格说，“若有证据证实北约违反了国际法，确实有必要采取一些行动。战争罪是对任何人来说都是不被容许的，也没有任何人能游离在法律之外”。 “如果他（卡扎菲）确实是被捕之后被杀的，那这是一个明显的战争犯罪行为。”
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