【中文标题】中国人对空气污染忍无可忍了
【原文标题】Outrage Grows Over Air Pollution and China’s Response 【登载媒体】纽约时报
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/world/asia/beijing-journal-anger-grows-over-air-pollution-in-china.html?_r=3
【译 者】红枣柚子茶
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】
Paramilitary police officers practiced drills inside theForbidden City during a night heavy with haze and smog in central Beijing onSunday. 周日，北京的天空依然笼罩着浓重的薄雾和烟雾，准军事警察人员在如此环境下进入紫禁城内演习。 By EDWARD WONGPublished:December 6, 2011
BEIJING— The statement posted online along with a photograph of central Beijingmuffled in a miasma of brown haze did not mince words: “The end of the world isimminent.” “像是世界末日的来临。”这条网上言论和其配图十分直白的指出北京极差的空气质量。
Theceaseless churning of factories and automobile engines in and around Beijinghas led to this: hundreds of flights canceled since Sunday because of smog,stores sold out of face masks, and many Chinese complaining on the Internetthat officials are failing to level with them about air quality or make any improvementsto the environment. 北京有着永不停止运作的工厂和大量的汽车，也因此，极差的空气质量严重的影响了人们的生活。从周日开始，许多班因烟雾天而被取消，商店也开始出售防尘面具。越来越多的中国人在网络上抱怨，政府官员在空气质量改进和环境改善方面，没有履行他们应尽的义务。
Chronicpollution in Beijing, temporarily scrubbed clean for the 2008 Summer Olympics,has made people angry for a long time, but the disruptions it causes to dailylife are now raising questions about the economic cost, and the government’sability to ensure the safety of the population. 2008夏季奥运会的到来使空气污染被暂时性的处理过，但空气污染，这个长期性的问题令许多人不满了很久。在那些措施中断后，更多的问题也显现出来，例如经济上的花费，例如政府是否有能力确保人们的安全。
“Asa Chinese citizen, we have been kept in the dark on this issue for too long,”said Yu Ping, the father of a 7-year-old boy, who has started a public campaignto demand that officials report more accurately about Beijing’s air quality.“The government is just so bureaucratic that they don’t seem to care whether wecommon people live or die. And it’s up to us, the common people, to prod themand to put pressure on them so that they can reflect on their actions andrealize that they really just have to do something.” “做为一个北京居民，我们已经生活在这种灰暗的环境下很久了。”于平，一个7岁小孩的父亲说道。他创立了一个公共组织，要求政府更精确详细地公布出北京空气质量。他说，“政府太过官僚主义，只顾自己。他们似乎根本不在乎人民的死活。现在轮到我们，这些普通百姓，去敦促他们给他们压力，让他们做出应有的行动，让他们意识到政府必须为人民做些什么。”
Whenthe frustration of parents boils over, Communist Party leaders start worrying abouttheir legitimacy in the eyes of the people. That was the case in 2008 whenparents vented anger over deadly school collapses in the Sichuan earthquake andover adulterated milk. 当民怨沸腾后，中共领导人开始担心他们在人民眼中的合法地位。2008年的时候，人们将愤怒发泄在了四川地震中那些令人致命的学校的倒塌，以及掺入次品的牛奶上。
Themotionless cloud of pollution that has smothered the capital and itssurroundings in recent days has frayed tempers. Long stretches of highway havebeen shut down because of low visibility, hobbling transportation of people andgoods. Workers at Capital International Airport have faced crowds of iratetravelers whose flights have been grounded. From Sunday to 11 a.m. Tuesday,more than 700 outbound and inbound flights were canceled, one airport officialsaid. A tour guide, Wang Lanhuizi, 23, clutched dozens of passports from astranded group. “I’m really worried, but there’s nothing we can do,” shesaid. 静止的浓雾天气让首都和领近城市的气氛格外压抑，人们也变得急躁起来。很长一段高速公路因为能见度低而被封闭，拥堵的交通使人们和流通的货物都寸步难行。首都国际机场的员工们不得不面对许多因为航班延迟而滞留的旅客。一位工作人员说，从周日到周二上午11点，超过700个出入境的班次被取消掉。23岁的导游王兰惠子手里拿着一大堆团友的护照，她说“我真的很担心，但是什么也做不了。”
Anannouncement at the airport made no mention of pollution, attributing thecancellations and delays to “the weather condition.” That has long been thegovernment line: the haze is fog, not fumes. But increasingly, Chinese knowbetter. People like Mr. Yu, a newspaper editor, are lobbying officials to stopwhitewashing their air quality reports. 机场的通知没有一句提到空气污染，只说是因为天气影响。这也是政府一贯的伎俩：那些是薄雾，而不是废气。但是渐渐地，人们发现了更多。人们喜欢一位叫做于先生的人。他是一个新闻编辑，也是敢于站出来对政府说不要再混淆视听的人。
Manypeople now follow a Twitter feed from the United States Embassy that giveshourly updates on air quality; gauges on top of the embassy in central Beijingmeasure, among other things, the amount of fine airborne particles, which areextremely damaging to the lungs. Since Sunday, the air has been rated “veryunhealthy” or “hazardous,” meaning that people should avoid any outdooractivity; on Sunday, the particulate measurement exceeded the scale’s maximumof 500, a reading that the embassy once called “crazy bad” on its @BeijingAirTwitter feed. 许多人在推特上关注了美国大使馆，只为了看他们公布的北京的实时空气质量报告。报告中显示，空气中的颗粒严重的损害了人们的肺部。自周日开始，空气质量评估大多是”非常不好“或者”危险”，这意味着人们应该避免任何户外活动。周日，微粒测量值超过最大值500。一用户评论写“这实在是太差了”，并将此消息转发给北京天气预报的推特。
Thefine particles, called PM 2.5 because they are 2.5 microns in diameter orsmaller, make up much of the pollution in the city, but they are not includedin the air quality ratings issued by the Chinese government. The publishedratings take into account only a larger class of particles (up to 10 microns indiameter) called PM 10. As a result, Beijing officials have announced good orexcellent air quality nearly 80 percent of the time over the last two years,while the embassy’s assessment says the air was unhealthy more than 80 percentof the time, according to an analysis by Steven Q. Andrews, an Americanenvironmental consultant, that was published Monday on the Web site ChinaDialogue. 那些细小的微粒叫做PM2.5，因为它们的直径是2.5微米或者更小，就是它们危害了这座城市的空气质量，但PM2.5却没有被中国政府划分在空气质量检测的标准里面。在已公开的等级评定中，大多都是比较大的微粒，例如PM10（直径达到10微米）。也因此，近两年来，北京政府百分之八十都宣称我们的空气质量非常好。而与此同时，来自大使馆的StevenQ. Andrews的分析称，北京的空气质量百分之八十的时间里都是不利于人类健康的。 这篇报告周一发表在了《中外对话》的网站上。
Expertssay the filthy air shortens lives in the capital. One authoritative study“indicates that if Beijing’s fine particulate concentration even reached thepolluted levels of Los Angeles, life expectancy may increase by over fiveyears,” Mr. Andrews wrote. 专家称肮脏的空气缩短了居住在首都的人民的寿命。一权威报告指出，“若北京的微粒浓度达到了和洛杉矶污染水平一样的程度，人们的平均寿命或许会增长五年。”Andrews在文中提到。
Theair readings from the embassy mysteriously stopped on Tuesday afternoon. “We’rechecking on it,” the embassy spokesman, Richard L. Buangan, said on Twitter.(Although Twitter is blocked in China, the embassy’s air quality ratings arereposted by many Chinese on unblocked sites.) 周二下午，大使馆在网上发布的关于空气质量的读物被莫名的停止了。“我们无法登陆进去，”大使馆的发言人RichardL. Buangan在推特上说。（尽管推特在中国是被禁的，但是使馆的空气质量评估仍被许多中国人挖了出来。）
InJuly 2009, a Chinese Foreign Ministry official, Wang Shu’ai, told Americandiplomats to halt the embassy’s air quality Twitter feed, saying that the data“is not only confusing but also insulting,” according to a State Departmentcable obtained by WikiLeaks. The embassy’s data, Mr. Wang said, could lead to“social consequences.” 2009年7月，美国国务院Wikileaks透露，中国外交部的官员王淑爱对美国外交官说，希望美国大使馆停止在推特上发布空气质量报告，称那些数据不仅让人们感到迷惑并且这对中国人来说也是很无礼的行为。 王说，他们的数据将在中国引发社会性的问题。
Chineseofficials recently acknowledged that Beijing and other cities have theequipment to measure PM 2.5, the smaller particles, but do not reflect thatdata in their air quality ratings. 近期，中国官员承认北京以及其他城市有足够的技术测量PM2.5的含量，但是他们并没有将其反映在空气质量检测中。
Prominent Beijing residents have called for changes. One is PanShiyi, a real estate magnate who asked his seven million microblog followerslast month to vote on whether the authorities should use a stricter standard toassess air quality. Officials have notbeen helped by news reports that revealed that a Chinese manufacturer, theBroad Group, advertises that more than 200 of its pricey air purifiers are inthe offices and homes of China’s top leaders. 居住在北京的名人们大声呼吁着政府的改变。其中一位便是潘石屹，房地产界的巨头。上个月，他在自己的微博中设置关于“当局政府是否应该设立更为严格的空气质量检测标准”的投票，七百万粉丝参与了投票。官员们并没有受到任何启发，尽管他们在家中使用着远大集团为了宣传而提供的超过200台价格高昂的空气净化器。
Ma Jun, an environmental advocate, said officials made some progress this yearby committing to ensuring that cities report PM 2.5 data starting in 2016. Butthat is too far away, he said. 环境的倡导者马军说，“政府答应2016年开始，各城市必定会报告PM2.5的数据，这种许诺已经是一个进步，但政府仍然有许多路要走。”
Mr.Yu, the editor, is pushing for immediate disclosure of the data. Hiscampaign has attracted attention online this week as Beijing residents coughand squint in the haze. Mr. Yu said he filed an application to theBeijing Environmental Protection Bureau last month to have the bureaurelease PM 2.5 data, and was turned down; he posted the bureau’sanswer on his microblog. He said he was considering suing the bureau or askingthe Ministry of Environmental Protection for a review. “With thegovernment not being totally open about this issue,” he said, “many peopledon’t realize how bad the situation is.” 于编辑正在努力推进数据的公布。这周，他的组织已在网络上引起了更多的北京居民们的关注。 上个月，他寄给北京环境保护组织一个可以帮助发布PM2.5的数据的应用程序，但遭到了拒绝。他将该组织的回应记录在了微博上。于编辑说，他在考虑是否起诉该组织，或者要求环境组织保护做出回应。“如果政府不公开事实，”他说，“许多人根本就不会意识到环境到底差到了什么地步。”
OnTuesday, the English-language China Daily published an article under theheadline “Exposure to Smog Is Severe Hazard.” It said the lung cancer rate inBeijing had increased by 60 percent in the last decade even though the smoking rate did not change. 周二，英文版《中国日版》发表一篇文章，标题是“暴露在浓雾下的危险”。文中写道近十年内，北京患有肺癌的病人人数增长了百分之六十，而此时人们的吸烟率并没有改变。
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发表于 2011-12-7 22:19
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