本帖最后由 lilyma06 于 2012-1-5 17:17 编辑
【中文标题】中国主席抨击西方文化
【原文标题】China’s President Lashes Out at Western Culture
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/04/world/asia/chinas-president-pushes-back-against-western-culture.html
【译者】sharond185
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn
【正文】
图为观众正在观看于2010年创中国电影票房纪录的美国科幻片-阿凡达
北京讯—— 据这周出版的中国共产党政策杂志上的一篇文章报道，胡锦涛主席指出中国必须加强自己的文化产出量来抵制西方国家在文化及意识上对中国的侵略。胡主席的这番话标志着在十月份发表的这一新的主流政策倡议将在2012加以贯彻实施。 这篇有胡锦涛署名并基于他十月份演讲的文章，在中西文化上筑起了一条鸿沟，并且明显的表明双方参与进了一场加温的战争中。这篇文章发表在了求是学刊上，这本杂志是由当年毛泽东为建立共产党准则而成立的一本出版刊物演变而来。 据英国路透社的翻译报道，胡锦涛指出“我们必须清醒地看到国际敌对势力正在加强西化和分裂中国的战略阴谋，而意识和文化领域则是他们长期战略中的核心区域“。 “我们必须深刻地认识到这种思想斗争的严重性和复杂性，时刻保持警惕，并且采取有力措施防范“。 胡锦涛说措施方面应重点发展那些能吸引国民，并能满足“中国人民日益增长的精神文化需求”的文化产业。 中国执政领导人一直为西方的流行文化和艺术的风头盖过中国这一现象担忧。中国的电影票房一直被阿凡达和变形金刚3所盘踞，lady gaga 的歌比中国任何一位流行歌手的 歌都要出名。在十月的第六届党委员会上，胡锦涛作了讲话，官员们对此讨论了对中国“文化安全”支持的必要性。 据胡锦涛主席的另一段译文，他在讲话中指出，“中国文化的总强度和国际影响力与其所有的国际地位并不匹配，“我国的文化弱于西方国家。“胡锦涛表示中国近期不会解除对进口文化产品的严格限制。每年，负责管制调配电影的机构只允许20部国外电影在中国的的票房获利。好莱坞的电影工作室已长期不满中国的这种体制并游说美国政府及国际机构向中国施加压力解除或放宽中国的电影进口配额。 艺术界人士觉得这种政策也意味着更多的政府财政资金用于中国的电影公司来创作文化出品，包括从书本到音乐作品。同时，政府官员还鼓励众多文化产业转变为多以市场为导向而少依靠政府资助。 一些投资者觉得政府声明支持更多文化事业是有一定的积极性，但是这个政策也违背的了市场的自由性，它突出了要审查政府所不能接受的文化形式的必要性。 在这次讲话中，胡锦涛并没有谈到被中国艺术家和知识分子广为流传的言辞——中国的审查制度是不利于艺术家们以及他们的作品发挥出最大实力的。在十二月末，中国最出名的博主以及小说家，韩寒，在网上发表了名为“要自由“的文章讨论了此事。 韩寒写到，“而文化的限制却让中国始终难以出现影响世界的文字和电影，使我们这些文化人抬不起头来“。 胡锦涛讲话的发表以及其他文章在求是学刊上对文化力量的支持标志着这将是2012年的中心任务，而2012年对中国领导者来说是转折性的一年。九个最高领导人中有七个，包括胡锦涛，会退出中央政治局常委会。胡锦涛表现出极大地热情将文化驱动作为他执政中国长达10年之久的关键性时刻。 十月份的中央委员会会议已为现在正在展开的文化紧缩建立了思想基础。在会议结束后，政府官员发布了一项新的清扫政策禁止大量所谓的娱乐节目的播出。这项政策于星期天生效，而新华社报道周二黄金档的娱乐节目数量就从126下降到38。上个月，北京及其他城市的地方官员命令当地的网络公司要确保发微薄的人是以真实姓名注册账号的，即使他们用假名也能发微博。官员们一直在向微博管理者以及编辑施加压力让他们审查微薄平台，而现在很多微博博主已经觉得微薄不好玩了。 同时，中国已加大力度扩大其文化的全球影响力，或者说“软性国力“。中国政府已在全球范围内开放孔子学院来帮助外国人学习中文，并且大量投放资金扩大国营新闻机构的运作，包括国家新闻机构新华社以及地区和世界性的中央电视台。其他机构的官员则希望他们获得的世界新闻的版本能同从西方新闻机构获得的版本一样。 An audience watched the American science fiction film "Avatar," which set box office records in China in 2010.
BEIJING — President Hu Jintao has said China must strengthen its cultural production to defend against the West’s assault on the country’s culture and ideology, according to an essay in a Communist Party policy magazine published this week. The publication of Mr. Hu’s words signaled that a new major policy initiative announced in October would continue well into 2012.
The essay, which was signed by Mr. Hu and based on a speech he gave in October, drew a sharp line between the cultures of the West and China and effectively said the two sides were engaged in an escalating war. It was published in Seeking Truth, a magazine that evolved from a publication founded by Mao Zedong as a platform for establishing Communist Party principles.
“We must clearly see that international hostile forces are intensifying the strategic plot of westernizing and dividing China, and ideological and cultural fields are the focal areas of their long-term infiltration,” Mr. Hu said, according to a translation by Reuters.
“We should deeply understand the seriousness and complexity of the ideological struggle, always sound the alarms and remain vigilant, and take forceful measures to be on guard and respond,” he added.
Those measures, Mr. Hu said, should be centered on developing cultural products that can draw the interest of the Chinese and meet the “growing spiritual and cultural demands of the people.”
Chinese leaders have long lamented the fact that Western expressions of popular culture and art seem to overshadow those from China. The top-grossing films in China have been “Avatar” and “Transformers 3,” and the music of Lady Gaga is as popular here as that of any Chinese pop singer. In October, at the sixth plenum of the party’s Central Committee, where Mr. Hu gave his speech, officials discussed the need for bolstering the “cultural security” of China.
“The overall strength of Chinese culture and its international influence is not commensurate with China’s international status,” Mr. Hu said in his essay, according to another translation.
“The international culture of the West is strong while we are weak,” he added.
Mr. Hu’s words suggested that China would not lift anytime soon strict limits that it sets on imports of some cultural products. Each year, the agency in charge of regulating film allows only 20 foreign movies to potentially make a profit off their box office take here. Hollywood studios have long criticized that system and lobbied the United States government and international organizations to pressure China into scrapping or loosening the quota.
People involved in the arts here say the policy also means more government financing for Chinese companies to create cultural products, ranging from books to live musical productions. At the same time, officials have been encouraging many cultural industries to become more market driven and rely less on government subsidies.
Some investors might see the government’s announcement of support for more creative works to be positive, but the policy also runs counter to market freedoms, emphasizing the need to censor cultural expressions that the government deems unacceptable.
In his essay, Mr. Hu did not address the widespread assertion by Chinese artists and intellectuals that state censorship is what prevents artists and their works from reaching their full potential. In late December, Han Han, a novelist and China’s most popular blogger, discussed the issue in an online essay called “On Freedom.”
“The restriction on cultural activities makes it impossible for China to influence literature and cinema on a global basis or for us culturati to raise our heads up proud,” Han Han wrote.
The publication of Mr. Hu’s essay and other articles in Seeking Truth about bolstering China’s cultural power signaled that this would be a central initiative in 2012, which is a transition year for the Chinese leadership. Seven of the top nine party members, including Mr. Hu, will step down from the Standing Committee of the Politburo. Mr. Hu appeared keen to enshrine the culture drive as a final defining moment of his decade-long tenure at China’s helm.
The Central Committee meeting in October established the ideological foundation for a tightening of the cultural sphere that is only now beginning to unfold. Right after the meeting, officials announced a sweeping new policy to wipe scores of so-called entertainment shows off the air. That took effect on Sunday, and Xinhua reported Tuesday that the number of prime-time entertainment shows was now at 38, down from 126.
Last month, officials in Beijing and other cities ordered Internet companies based there to ensure that people posting on microblogs had registered their accounts using their real names, though they could still post under an alias. Officials have been putting pressure on executives and editors running the microblog platforms to self-censor, and many microblog users say the microblogs have been getting less interesting.
At the same time, China has been making a push to increase its cultural influence abroad, or its “soft power.” The government has opened up Confucius Institutes around the world to aid foreigners in learning Chinese. The state is also lavishing money on opening operations of large state-run news organizations, including Xinhua, the state news agency, and China Central Television, in cities around the world. Officials from those organizations say they hope their version of the world events becomes as common as those from Western news organizations.
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发表于 2012-1-5 16:45
发表于 2012-1-5 17:14
