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在中国变得富有真的就並非那么快乐吗?

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发表于 2012-12-3 10:47 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

Pedestrians in Hong Kong
香港行人
Photograph by Brent Lewin/Bloomberg
照片由Brent Lewin拍摄

In China, To Get Rich Is Not So Glorious
By Christina Larson on November16, 2012

在中国变得富有並非那么快乐
作者: Christina Larson ( 译注:彭博商周投稿人)

In the course of a U.S. presidentialcampaign, the American public is bombarded with surveys asking voters to rankthe relative importance of various issues, and whether they think the countryis overall on the right track. Not so in China, where another leadershiptransition has just concluded, with the 18th Party Congress choosing Xi Jinpingto succeed Hu Jintao as party secretary now and, in March, as president ofChina.

在美国总统竞选​​期间,选民被要求列出各种问题的相对重要性,以及被问到他们认为国家是否在始终正确的轨道上等问题,美国公众因此受到精神轰炸。在中国刚结束的第十八届党代表大会领导层换届却不似这般,他们选出习接替胡担任党委书记,并于三月出任国家主席。

But a handful of recent studies do givesome insight into public sentiment in the world'ssecond-largest economy on the eve of its once-in-a-decade leadershiptransition. The upshot: More wealth buys more cars and handbags, but notnecessarily happiness and white-collar workers in China's fast-changing economy are the most likely in the world to say they're more stressed out this year than last. Overall life satisfactionhas declined since 1990.

然而,这世界第二大的经济体,在其新一个十年的领导层过渡的前夕,一些最近的研究就公众情绪做了深入探讨。结果发现:更多的财富买到更多的汽车和手袋,却不一定必然地幸福。面对快速变化的经济,中国白领在世界上是最有可能说,他们感觉今年的压力比去年更大。自1990年以来,总体的生活满意度已有所下降。

“Sometimes I feel like I am driving downan expressway, speeding from one place to another, but I forgot the reason andI do not know the final destination," says Rebecca Jiang,a 29-year-old civil servant. The petite woman, sipping a fruit smoothie at ateahouse, in many ways seems to be living the modern Chinese dream: Jiang movedfrom her hometown in Anhui province to Beijing for college in 2002; she earnedbachelor's and master's degrees from respected universities, scored well on the highlycompetitive civil-servant exam, and in June got married. Yet these achievementshave not erased the gnawing feeling that she is racing just to stay in place:“I do not have the time or energy to enjoy the scenery. Maybe it is about mypersonal goals: I am so busy I do not know what I really like, who I want tobe. I am just traveling around. I am speeding even."

江.丽贝卡,这位29岁的公务员说:“有时我觉得好像开车上高速公路,加速从一个地方到另一个地方,但我忘了原因,我不知道最终的目的地。"这位娇小的女人,在一家茶馆里啜饮着一个水果冰沙,许多方面来说似乎都是活在现代的中国梦里:江于2002年从她的家乡安徽来到北京读大学,获得著名大学的学士学位及硕士,于竞争激烈的公务员考试中取好成绩,并且已于6月份结婚。然而,这些成就不能抹去受折磨的感觉,她的跑车只是留在原地:“我没有时间或精力去欣赏沿途的风景。也许这是我个人的目标,我这么忙,我不知道我真正喜欢是是甚么,我想成为怎样的人。我只是到处游走,我甚至正在加速。"

Money is one source of stress. Home priceshave quadrupled in a decade in Beijing, but salaries haven't risen so fast. “My parents and my husband's parents had to spend all their savings to buy us an apartment," says Jiang. It's out near the SixthRing Road the capital's outermostperimeter and is a 90-minute to three-hour drive into central Beijing,depending on traffic. They bought it secondhand and paid 2 million RMB, orabout $317,000.

金钱是压力的来源之一。十年里住房价格在北京翻了两番,可是工资并没有涨得这么快。“我的父母和姑翁不得不把所有的积蓄给我们买一间房子,江说。房子在首都最外围六环附近的道路,到北京市中心要90分钟至3小时的车程,视乎交通情况而定。他们买的是二手房子,支付了200万人民币,相当于317,000美元。

She and her husband, who works for amultinational company, are keeping up with the rising costs and complexities oflife in the crowded megacity but just barely, she says. “We are too tiredto talk in the evenings. We just go to bed, so we can get up early and do itagain." As for her job: “It is not so good as Ithought it would be. Sometimes I have to work like a robot. You have to do whatyou are told to do, not what you think you should do."

她与丈夫任职于一家跨国公司,维持着在拥挤大城市复杂而成本高涨的生活,她说:“我们几乎没说话,到了晚上我们实在太累,都不想说话了。我们只是去睡觉,这样我们可以早点起床,然后重复昨天的步调。"至于她的工作:“它没我想像那么好。有时候,我不得不像一个机器人般刻板地工作。你必须做一些工作是你被告知的,而不是你认为你应该做的。"

Recently the Beijing Academy of SocialSciences conducted a survey asking residents of China's capital whether their quality of life had greatly improved,slightly improved, remained the same, or declined over the period 2005 to 2011.One-fifth of respondents said it had improved slightly, but two-fifths said ithad declined. (Only 1 percent said life had improved greatly.)

北京社会科学院最近进行了一项调查,询问中国首都的居民,从2005年至2011年他们的生活质量有了很大的改进、略有改善、保持原来的,还是倒退了。五分之一的受访者表示,它已略有改善,但有五分之二的人说已倒退了。(只有1%的人表示生活已大大改善。)

“The fast changes in China as well as theuncertainties about the future create great psychological pressures," says Peking University sociologist Xia Xueluan. “Happiness does notmerely depend on wealth." He adds: “Formigrant workers, their major pressure is to keep up with costs of living, whilefor the urban white-collar workers, their major pressure is competition:extreme competition for promotion and recognition."

“中国的快速变化,以及对未来的不确定性造成极大的心理压力。"北京大学社会学家夏学銮说。“幸福并不仅仅取决于财富。"他补充说:“对于外来的民工,他们的主要压力是维持生活成本,对于城市白领,他们的主要压力是竞争:为了晋升及得到认可的激烈竞争。"

Regus, a U.K.-based office-space company,this year polled white-collar workers around the globe and asked whetherrespondents agreed with the statement “My stress levels have risen in the pastyear." The country with the highest proportion of “yes" respondents was China, by a significant margin: 75 percent. (No. 2was Germany, at 58 percent.) Seventy-three percent of respondents in China saidtheir job was a major source of stress.

雷格斯集团,一家总部设在英国的办公空间公司,今年对世界各地的白领进行民意调查,询问受访者是否同意这样的观点:“在过去的一年,我的压力水平上升。受访者回答“是"比例最高的国家是中国,一个显着的比率:75%。(第29位是德国,58%),在中国百分之七十三的受访者表示,工作是他们压力的主要来源。

In October, the Pew Global AttitudesProject released its survey results for China. Half of respondents said thatcorrupt officials were now a “very big problem" and 48percent said the gap between rich and poor was. (In 2008, the responses to thesame questions were, respectively, 39 percent and 41 percent.) Among Pew's most arresting findings was identifying a widespread belief thatChina's system creates not only inequality of wealth, but also inequalityof opportunity. Nearly 8 in 10 respondents agreed with this statement: The“rich just get richer while the poor get poorer."

皮尤全球态度项目在十月份公布其调查结果。有一半的受访者表示,腐败的官员目前是一个“大问题",48%的受访者说,富国和贫困国家之间是一个差距。 (2008年受访者回答同样的问题,比率分别是39%和41%)。皮尤研究中心最引人注目的发现之一就是确定一个普遍的看法: 中国的系统不仅创造财富的不平等,而且造成机会的不平等。10名受访者中近乎8人同意这样的说法:“富者愈富,贫者则愈贫。"

“This country has a very unbalanced incomestructure, and for young working people it's getting tougherand tougher to make a living" in the leadingcities, says Han Cheng, a researcher with an international NGO in Beijing. Ashe sees it, the country's meritocraticpromise is waning: “Before, everyone was equally poor and unprivileged. But nowthere is a privileged class, and for people in that class, there are so manyways for them to receive benefits from their family."

北京国际非政府组织的研究人员韩成说:“这个国家有一个非常不平衡的收入结构,龙头城市谋生的年轻劳动人民谋生越来越费劲。"在他看来,国家的任人唯才的承诺正在减弱:“在此之前,每个人都同样贫困没有特权。但是,现在有一个特权阶级,这类人有如此多的方法受益于他们的家庭。

Richard A. Easterlin, an economist at theUniversity of Southern California, in April published a study in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on “life satisfaction" in China over the past two decades. Even as incomes have risen forall socioeconomic groups, he found that the percentage of people reportingtheir life satisfaction was “good or very good" haddeclined markedly from 1990 to 2007 for those of low and moderate incomes,while ticking slightly upward for China's richest.

在美国南加州大学的经济学家理查德德A·伊斯特林,在4月的美国国家科学院学报上的论文公布一项关于“过去二十年中国的生活满意度"的研究。尽管所有社会经济群体收入已上升,他发现,对于富有的中国来说,在这稍微向上的时刻,由1990年至2007年的低收入和中等收入的人当中,报告他们的生活满意度的比率是“好或非常好"的已经显着下降。

“One may reasonably ask, how it is possiblefor life satisfaction not to improve in the face of such a marked advance inper capita GDP from a very low initial level?" Easterlinwrote. “In answer it is pertinent to note the growing evidence of theimportance of relative income comparisons and material aspirations inChina, which tend to negate the effect of rising income." In other words, money alone doesn't bringhappiness having more money than your neighbor might.

“有人可能会问,对面国内人均生产总值从一个非常低的初始水平到这样的一个显著进步,生活满意度仍没改善的话,怎样才有可能达到?"伊斯特林写道。“越来越多证据显示,这些答案是中肯的。在中国相对的收入比较和物质愿望的重要性,倾向于否定收入上升的影响。"换句话说,你比邻居可能有更多的钱,单靠金钱并不能带来幸福。

Comparing her life to her cousin in hersmall hometown, Jiang expresses mixed feelings. Her cousin lives just afive-minute walk from her office, works fewer hours, and has a larger apartmentfor less money. “Sometimes I wonder why I stay in Beijing," she reflects. But then, after a moment, she points out that if shehas a child, living in China's capital will “givehim the chance to start life on a much bigger stage." Of course, she quickly adds that she isn't sure she wants a child “it's veryexpensive and takes a lot of energy; public kindergarten slots are hard to getand private ones are very costly. I'm expected to have achild, but I'm just not sure."

相比她表妹在家乡的生活,江表示百感交集。她的表妹就住在一个离办公室只有五分钟步行路程的地方,工作时间较短,以较少的金钱就买到一个更大的房子。“有时候,我不知道我为什么留在北京。"她反映。后来过了片刻,她指出,如果她有一个孩子,生活在中国的首都可以“给他机会在一个更大的舞台上开展人生。"当然,她很快补充说,她不确定是否想要一个孩子,“这是非常昂贵而且需要大量的能量。公办幼儿园的学籍很难得到,私办则非常昂贵。我期待能有一个孩子,但我实在是不能确定。"

来源龙腾网

 楼主| 发表于 2012-12-3 10:47 | 显示全部楼层
Tony Ew, 11/16/2012 10:10 PM
It is the criminal real estate industrythat is profiting at the expense of hard working people. You go to anycapitalist country in the world, you see all these hard working professionalpeople just trying to have a decent life while the runaway housing price makesit impossible to live without stress, just keep working long hours to pay thebills! Laws should be made to ban unchecked rise in real estate prices. You seefree enterprise supply demand just don't work very well in the real estateindustry in big cities as only the landlords, builders, banks gets rich. Whenthey screws up like in US, the Fed comes in to help them, too big to fail Isuppose. This is the fundamental cause of stress in all capitalist countrieswhen too much salary is paid just for housing. The lady mentioned here stays inthe farthest suburb and still pay exorbitant price for her property! Anyone inHK, NYC, London, Tokyo can understand what I mean.
18 people likedthis. Like Reply

这就是可耻的房地产行业,他们从辛勤工作的人的支出中获利。世界上任何一个资本主义国家,都可见到所有这些努力工作的专业人士,只是想有一个体面的生活,而失控的住房价格使没有压力的生活变得不可能,为了支付账单只能不停地长时间工作!法律应禁止房地产价格没有管制的上升。你看大城市的房地产行业,自由的企业供需并没有运作得很好,因为只有业主,建筑商,银行变得富有。当他们像在美国那样搞砸了,美联储会出来帮助他们,我想他们强大得不可能倒下。太多的薪水支付在住房方面,是所有资本主义国家压力的根本原因。这里提到住在最远郊区的女士,为了她的物业一直付出高昂的代价!在香港,纽约,伦敦,东京的任何人都可以明白我的意思。
( 18位读者喜欢这条回复 )

akemihomura, 11/17/2012 10:42 AM
Welcome to capitalism, where everyone is infierce competition with one another for no particular reason. And just likesocialism, you still must obey.
12 people likedthis. Like Reply

欢迎,没有特别的原因,资本主义国家的每个人都在彼此激烈竞争。就好像社会主义一样,你必须一直服从。
(12位读者喜欢这条回复)

JNBq, 11/18/2012 12:16 PM
There is a reason why the riches are superrich, because they sucked the blood money out of the working people. If theyhave paid decent raise and salary to working people, they will not have recordbreaking profit. For example, we should look at Apple and Foxcomm, they makebillions of profits, and do they say that we should raise the salary ofworking people to $2/person instead of giving the millions of bonus toindividual upper management? In the long run, the capitalism will fail becausethe poors out be the riches. We are living our life to meet the ends need, butthose riches who suck our blood money will buy the shoes for $1,000. what inthe world is that?
8 people likedthis. Like Reply

超级富豪为何有那么多财富是有原因的,因为他们吸取劳动人民的血汗钱。如果他们支付像样的薪酬给工作的人,他们不会有破纪录的利润。例如,我们应该看看苹果和Foxcomm(譯者:Foxcomm可能是富士康Foxconn的誤筆),他们赚取数十亿的利润,他们有说应该提高劳动人民的工资每人两块钱,而不是给个别高层管理人员数以百万计的奖金吗?归根结底,资本主义是会失败的,因为穷人完全不可能成为富人。我们为了满足生命的最终需求而活着,但那些富有的人吸却取我们的血汗钱去购买1000美元价值的鞋子。在世界上这算是什么?
(8位读者喜欢这条回复)

DAE, 11/16/2012 09:08 PM
If 1.4 billion Chinese moved to the USAthey'd all want to move back to China.
7 people likedthis. Like Reply

如果14亿中国人搬到美国,他们全部都要搬回中国去。
(7位读者喜欢这条回复)

Mohan R Gopal, 11/17/2012 10:33 AM
Why buy when you feel the prices are sohigh...just hold your purchases and see the fall in Real estate prices
5 people likedthis. Like Reply

在你觉得价格这么高的时候为何要买?只要暂停你的购买持观望态度等房地产价格的下降。
(5位读者喜欢这条回复)

Tony Ew, 11/17/2012 01:26 PM
No, in theory your idea make sense. Inpractice the real estate industry is very persuasive at getting people to signthe dotted line with the sub prime like slow burn disaster for the owners. Realestate purchases are a once in a life time event for most people and it isreasonable to say most people cannot grasp the big numbers and the disasterawaiting them, paying just the interest in the early years to feel good aboutbeing an owner! The ownership concept is very foolish in this case but peoplewant to feel ownership power, that is understandable.
Big cities should have projects like rent stabilized housing in NYC for peoplewho contribute to the city by working and living there, much like some statesin US requires low cost housing set aside in housing developments. Without thisset aside, free enterprise will make life unbearable even for high incomeearners when rental will also spike through the roof.
If you live in a big city like NYC you will see how stressful it is, every timeyour money seems to buy less and less space, like a capsule hotel, it's gettingto the point of being inhumane!
3 people likedthis. Like Reply

不,在理论上你的想法是合乎常理的。在实践当中,就像慢燃的次贷灾难事件中让那些业主在虚線上签署一样,房地产行业是非常具有说服力的。对于大多数人来说,购买房产是一生一次的事,而大多数人无法把握大的数字,说等着他们的是灾难也是合理的,在最初几年只付利息就成为业主,这种感觉是良好的!在这种情况下,所有权概念非常愚蠢,可是人们想感受所有权的权力,这是可以理解的。
大城市应具备的一些项目,类似供应租金稳定的住房给那些在纽约市工作和生活并做出贡献的人那样,更像美国的一些州,在房屋发展中留出需求的低价房屋。没有这些拨出房屋的措施,当租金又直达顶点时,自由企业会使生存变得不能承受,即使是高收入者亦如是。
如果你住在像纽约这样的大城市中,你会看到它是如何的压力大,你的钱可以买到的空间似乎是越来越少,像一个胶囊旅馆,直截了当地说这是不人道的!
(3位读者喜欢这条评论 )

BrickinaWall, 11/17/2012 08:30 AM
The title of the article is incorrect. Itshould say
"In China, To Get a bit Richer Is Not So Glorious".
4 people likedthis. Like Reply

这篇文章的题目不对。应该说:在中国,赚大钱并非如此的光彩。
( 4位读者喜欢这条评论。)

Alice Zindagi Reilly, 11/19/2012 12:54 AM
It doesn't surprise me that there is ahigher average suicide rate among Asian populations than there is among othergroups when I see things like this. I've seen this first-hand. It's an endlesspush to reach higher and higher and higher levels. Unfortunately, it isn'texactly uncommon for these pressures to migrate with immigrant populations.Children grow up torn between two cultures, witnessing the liberality of theirclassmates and having the excessive drive for almost unreachable levels ofsuccess pushed at them from another angle. I've read in another article anexcellent point, that such an upbringing can end up forcing the poor soulsthrough years of therapy and even to the brink of suicide. I can't help butwonder as I reread these side by side what the Chinese national expenditure ontherapy is. Sure, pushing your kids to the edge is probably going to result inadults who excel... but at what cost to their psyche?
http://www.asianmanwhitewoman....
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当我看到这样的事情時,与在其他群体的比率相比,亚洲人口有一个更高的平均自杀比率,这并没让我感到惊讶。我已经看过第一手资料。这是一个无休止的推进,以达到越来越高的层次。不幸的是,这些压力对于移民人口的迁移确实不是罕见的。孩子目睹他们的同班同学的慷慨,成长在两种文化之间的分裂中,还有,从另一个角度看,为了成功推进到几乎不能达到的层次他们有过多的欲望。我在另一篇文章中读到过一个很好的看法: 这样的成长过程可能最终迫使可怜的灵魂经历多年的治疗,甚至到自杀的边缘。当我一篇篇地重读着这些,我不禁怀疑,中国国家在治疗上的支出是甚么。当然,催促孩子得到優勢條件,將來在成年人世界里他們可能變得優秀...可是他们的灵魂付出了什么样的代价?
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Joseph Lizio, 11/18/2012 07:17 AM
Being rich is not so hot here in theU.S. either. You work hard, do the right things to build your own wealthlike you are suppose to do - just to see the government tax it away. Atleast in China, that young women was still trying to get somewhere in front ofher. Here in the U.S., we are only going backwards and it will only getworse.
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在美国这里并不如此热衷于财富。你工作努力,做当做的事,如你预算中那样获得自己的财富--只是眼看着政府征税把它們征走。至少在中国的那些年轻妇女仍然为她们的将来而努力。在美国这里,情况只是在倒退,而且只会变得更差。
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JoeLorenzo, 11/17/2012 12:43 PM
The problem isn't capitalism, it's thecentral banks inflating the currency. It's just a really high regressive taxthat nobody understands or talks about. The banks went too far and when thepeople couldnt afford to pay them back, rather than renegotiate the real estateprices they just inflated the currency even more. Yes, it saved the banks, butnow the people are going to have to work at near-breaking point level ofstress to keep up.
This will end at some point and itwon't be pretty. The good news is that people are starting to understand thatmoney doesn't bring happiness and this spiritual awakening will bring positivechange to everything. Turn on CNBC and look at all those dough boys ramble onabout the world and you will see dead-behind-the-eyes misery. Businessman usedto make products that people wanted to buy. The key was that they madesomething.
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问题不是资本主义,而是使货币膨胀的中央银行。这是一项非高的累退税,这税项却没人理解和谈论。银行做得太过分了,当人们偿还不起债项时,他们只是使货币更膨胀,而不是重新洽商房地产的价格。没错,银行得救了,可是现在人们却不得不在持续的压力下工作及维持生活。
事件会有结束的时候,而且不会变得美好。事件带来的好影响就是人们开始理解钱不能带来愉快,并且这种心灵上的觉醒将会给一切带来积极的变化。打开CNBC(譯者: CNBC, 全名是ConsumerNews and Business Channel, 美国NBC环球集团所持有的全球性财经有线电视卫星新闻台),并看看这些步兵絮絮叨叨着这个世界,你会看到眼睛背後死亡的痛苦。商人一向都制造人们想要购买的产品,关键是他们做了甚么事情。
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common sense, 11/16/2012 07:25 PM
Sounds like America
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听起来像美国一样
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Semyon, 11/17/2012 10:06 AM
China is definitely getting wealthier. Theywill have a larger
absolute number of rich people than the U.S. by 2010. (Not percentage, but
sheer number). China's central committee basically runs thecountry and still
determines which industries get wealthy. Not quite corruption, but close. One
of China's trading partners in oil is Azerbaijan.The United Nations has
quietly opened a criminal investigation into Azerbaijan First Lady Mehriban
Aliyeva for foreign corrupt practices with the Chinese government. Wiki Leaks
first broke the story, but the mainstream media has been mostly silent. Just
look at Mehriban Aliyeva's Wikipedia (thelast source of truth these days) page.
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中国肯定是越来越富裕。跟美国的2010年比,他们将有绝对数量的有钱人
(不是百分比,而是纯粹的数字)。基本上中国是由中央委员会运行的国家,一直确定以工业致富。不只是彻底地腐败,而且封闭。中国石油业的其中一个贸易伙伴就是亚塞拜然联合国。就亚塞拜然第一夫人Mehriban Aliyeva与中国政府的对外国贪污行为,联合国悄悄地开了一个刑事调查。维基泄密首先曝露这消息,但主流媒体一直沉默。见维基百科上Mehriban Aliyeva(这些天里最后的真理)那页。
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Ron Burke, 11/18/2012 09:55 PM
By 2010? How stoned are you?
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回复Semyon:
2010年? 你有多神啊 ?
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Larry Wen, 11/16/2012 10:20 PM
There are low economic zones in China wherelife is not stressful and one can even contribute to the Country by being ateacher to farm kids or medical assistants to the old and marginalized. Thereare others in China who like to be Beijing/Shanghai where to be rich is to beglorious. If one think that it is fun to be poor, go and live in those places.
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在中国有些低水平的经济特区生活是没有压力的,甚至可以通过给老旧的和被边缘化的农场孩子作教师或者医疗助理,为国家做贡献。此外,在中国还有其他地方想变得像北京或上海那样,那些地方里成为有钱人是荣耀的。如果有人认为成为穷人是有趣的事,去那些地方生活吧。
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SubairMI, 11/17/2012 08:23 PM
Exactly! Lots of loudmouths who donot know a thing ( yet ape as if they know everything about China!) rave andstupid cacophonies about their economic 'woes' all the time!

回复Larry Wen:
没错!许多高谈阔论者不了解事情(好像他们知道中国的一切似的!)就胡言乱语,一直愚蠢的吵嚷着关于他们的经济“困境"!

thomas w, 11/18/2012 05:02 PM
As china's womenlearn Independence it will be good for consumerism... and switching oversociety to more of an in house... though it willproduce instability in other areas... like the U.S. They'll requiremore benefits for the disillusioned families, but that is the priceyou pay in this new world.

作為中国的妇女,学会独立将有利于消费方式...而且社会面貌轉換成更多的入时房子...虽然在其他领域它会产生不稳定...像美国这样的,他们会要求更多的利益给幻想破灭的家庭,但在这个新的世界中,那就是你付出的代价。

grnftr, 11/17/2012 07:18 AM
OVER POPULATION

人口过剩

SubairMI, 11/17/2012 08:21 PM
True. Your dad shouldn't haveproduced you. That was also an instance of 'overpopulation'!

回复grnftr:
对的。你爸爸不应该生你。这也是“人口过剩"的一个实例!

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