【新闻周刊 20140210】俄罗斯同性恋的生存状况

满仓

【中文标题】俄罗斯同性恋的生存状况
【原文标题】The Dangers of Being Gay in Russia
【登载媒体】新闻周刊
【原文作者】Mads Nissen
【原文链接】http://www.newsweek.com/being-gay-russia-just-got-harder-228592




21岁的Kiriee Fedorov在圣彼得堡参加同性恋集会时，遭到民族主义极端保守分子的殴打。Fedorov的朋友在雨点般落下的石头和鸡蛋中紧紧抱在一起，在警察身后寻求保护。这次集会根据禁止“同性恋宣传”法被宣布为非法，Kiriee Fedorov和其它LGBT（译者注：女同性恋者Lesbian）、男同性恋者Gays、双性恋者Bisexuals与跨性别者Transgender的英文首字母缩略字）活动人士遭到逮捕。

女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性人在俄罗斯的生活陷入了水深火热之中，国家杜马新颁布的法律禁止向未成年人“宣传非传统的性关系”，其中提到：“最重要的是确保儿童的智力、道德和精神状态得到保护，包括禁止所有以宣扬同性恋为目的的活动……也包括灌输社会对传统和非传统性关系持相同价值观的错误思想。”尽管“有同性恋性取向的人并没有过错”，但活动人士依然担心，这条法律的模糊措辞足以让俄罗斯的官员在证据不足的情况下，肆意骚扰、恐吓和迫害LGBT人群。

在俄罗斯各地区多年的反同性恋地方性法规之后出现的这条法律，遭到了外国政府广泛的谴责，一直持续到2014年索契冬季奥运会。据美联社最新的报道，2014年2月7日冬奥会开幕式当天，俄罗斯警方在圣彼得堡逮捕了至少4名同性恋权利活动人士，这些人打出一幅标语“任何歧视都与奥林匹克运动成员的身份不相容——《奥林匹克宪章第六章》”。



Yana Petrova（左）和她的女朋友Elena Davydova拥抱在一起。


2013年6月29日，警方在一次同性恋集会中逮捕一名男子，大约250名反同性恋抗议者暴力袭击了示威人群。


2013年6月29日，极端民族主义者戴着哥萨克式的帽子，挥舞皮鞭，辱骂同性恋集会的参与者。后来演发成暴力事件。


27岁的Dmitry Chizhevskiy在2013年11月3日的一场仇恨同性恋斗殴中被打坏了左眼。三个全副武装的男人闯进圣彼得堡一个私人同性恋聚会，挥舞球棒乱打一气，Dmitry的左眼被气枪打中。行凶者目前尚未找到。


左起，24岁的Artyom Buriy、16岁的Filipp Razinskiy和20岁的Vitaliy Tsimodanov，他们都是“占领恋童癖组织”成员。这个好斗的反同性恋组织专门追捕、拍摄对同性恋和恋童癖的暴力袭击，他们认为同性恋和恋童癖都是淫邪行为，是不道德的，大部分同性恋都是恋童癖。


这是“占领恋童癖”组织拍摄的视频中一个截图。他们有一个颇受欢迎的网络电视节目，先欺骗受害者前来赴约，一队全副武装的极端民族主义者在暗中等待。然后受害者遭受性羞辱和折磨，整个过程被拍摄下来，在网络上公开发布。据这个组织提供的信息，目前已经制作了70多个视频。


当一名同性恋活动人士在圣彼得堡的集会中被投掷鸡蛋时，一名俄罗斯东正教堂的牧师和他的妻子面露微笑。


LGBT活动人士在圣彼得堡市中心集会。集会遭到了反同性恋和极端民族主义者的攻击，活动人士被警方逮捕。


22岁的Sergei Starov是圣彼得堡法律学校的学生。他的一名教授在社交网络上留下了反对同性恋的言论，并且指向Sergei。像其他LGBT的学生一样，Sergei Starov担心他的性取向会给他的考试、学业和工作前景带来负面影响。


几个同性恋和LGBT活动人士在一起休息。左起：Yana Petrova、Pavel Lebedev、Elena Davydova、Elena Yakovleva、Ilmira Shayhraznova、Kirill Kalugin


圣彼得堡的三个朋友。


21岁的Ekaterina Alekseeva在2013年6月29日的同性恋集会中被捕之后，出现在一座教堂里。那次集会因为法律禁止“宣传非传统性关系”而被宣布为非法。所谓的“反同性恋”法律在2012年就在圣彼得堡实施，在这拍摄这张照片的前一天，总统普京的签署使之成为全国性的法律。


23岁的Pavel Lebedev（左）与他的男朋友Kirill Kalugin手拉手走在圣彼得堡的街道上。Pavel说他去年遭到了6次暴力袭击，尽管如此，他依然坚持自己有权公开性取向，选择自己所爱的人。


Yaroslav Yevtushenko左拥抱他的男朋友Dmitry Chunosov。他们在圣彼得堡的婚姻登记处，为了表示抗议，他们试图正式登记结婚。俄罗斯不承认同性恋婚姻，他们的申请被立即驳回了。


33岁的Lada（右）和31岁的Irina在家里和他们的三个孩子玩气球，俄罗斯的一些宗教和保守组织曾经倡议政府强制带走所有LGBT家庭的子女。鉴于持续的暴力语言和肢体攻击，这对同性恋说他们感到不安全，在考虑离开这个国家。


25岁的Polina Popova和她已经怀有8个月身孕的女朋友、37岁的Irina Zinovieva在一起。这对同性恋都从事团队建设工作，他们已经在一起4年，正在等待婴儿的出生。精子来自一名男同性恋的捐献。


27岁的Ruslan是俄罗斯芭蕾舞学院的舞蹈家，他在圣彼得堡一家LGBT夜店“中央车站”里抽烟。他曾经与一名女性结婚5年，离婚之后他决定出柜。


Yana Petrova（右）与她的女朋友Elena Davydova拥抱。


23岁的Pavel Lebedev（右）和他的男朋友Kirill Kalugin。Pavel在公开场合与他的男朋友牵手，大部分俄罗斯LGBT不敢这么做。


触犯这条法律的代价昂贵。俄罗斯人要面临最高150美元的罚款；如果是政府官员，罚款金额是1500美元；参与“宣传”的组织罚款金额最高3万美元。在网络上从事类似行为，尽管没有明确定义，惩罚的力度会更加严格。对外国人的惩罚相不大严格，大致是15天监禁或者驱除出国。具体哪些行为会造成“宣传非传统性关系”，依然没有明确的解释。





原文：

Kiriee Fedorov, 21, was beaten by national-conservative extremists for attending a gay pride rally in St. Petersburg. Fedorov’s friends tried to stick close together and sought cover behind the police, as stones and eggs were thrown at them. The rally was declared illegal under the law banning “gay propaganda” and Kiriee Fedorov and the other LGBT-activists were all later arrested.

Life for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in Russia has just gotten worse, following a new law the State Duma banning “propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations” among minors. The law states that “it is essential to put in place measures which provide for the intellectual, moral and mental well-being of children, including a ban on any activities aimed at popularizing homosexuality … including instilling distorted ideas that society places an equal value on traditional and nontraditional sexual relations.” While “it would not be an offence to be a person of homosexual orientation,” activists worry the wording of the law is vague enough to leave officials across Russia the freedom to harass, intimidate and ultimately prosecute LGBT people on flimsy grounds.

The law, which follows years of creeping anti-homosexual legislation in a number of Russia's regions, has been widely condemned by foreign governments, especially leading up to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Most recently, the Associated Press reports, on the opening day of the games, Feb. 7, 2014, Russian police arrested at least four gay rights activists in St. Petersburg with a banner reading, “discrimination is incompatible with the Olympic Movement. Principle 6. Olympic Charter.”

Yana Petrova, left, embraces her girlfriend Elena Davydova. Mads Nissen/Panos

Police arrest a man during a gay pride rally, June 29, 2013. The rally was opposed by about 250 anti-gay protesters some of whom violently assaulted the demonstrators. Mads Nissen/Panos

Ultra-nationalists, wearing cossack style hats and holding whips, shout abuse at participants taking part in a gay pride rally, June 29, 2013. The protest late turned violent. Mads Nissen/Panos

Dmitry Chizhevskiy, 27, had his left eye destroyed by in a homophobic attack on Nov. 3, 2013, when three armed men entered a private meeting for homosexuals in St. Petersburg. The attackers hit people with baseball bats, and Dmitry was shot in his left eye with an air gun. The perpetrators have not been found. Mads Nissen/Panos

From left, Artyom Buriy, 24, Filipp Razinskiy, 16 and Vitaliy Tsimodanov, 20, all members of “Occupy Pedophilia,” a militantly homophobic group that specializes in hunting and filming violent attacks on suspected gays and pedophiles. The group believes that gays and pedophiles are almost equally immoral and that most gays are pedophiles. Mads Nissen/Panos

In a still from a video made by members of “Occupy Pedophilia.” On a popular online TV-show, victims are tricked into false dates, where a band of armed ultra-nationalists are lying in wait. The victim is sexually humiliated and tortured, while everything is filmed, posted publicly, and shared online. According to the group more than 70 videos have been made so far. Mads Nissen/Panos

A priest from the Russian Orthodox Church smiles with his wife, left, as a one of the gay-activists was hit by an egg at a rally in St. Petersburg. Mads Nissen/Panos

LGBT activists at a gay-pride rally in central St. Petersburg. The rally was attacked by anti-gay ultra-nationalists and the activist were arrested by the police. Mads Nissen/Panos

Sergei Starov, 22, is a masters student at the Law School in St. Petersburg. One of his professors left homophobic comments on social media directed at Sergei. Like many other students who are LGBT, Sergei Starov fears that his sexual orientation might have negative consequences on his exams, student life and later on his job prospects. Mads Nissen/Panos

A group of gay and lesbian friends and partners, all LGBT activists, relax together. From left, Yana Petrova, Pavel Lebedev, Elena Davydova, Elena Yakovleva, Ilmira Shayhraznova, and Kirill Kalugin. Mads Nissen/Panos

Three friends in St. Petersburg. Mads Nissen/Panos

Ekaterina Alekseeva, 21, appears in court after being arrested at a gay pride rally, June 29, 2013. The rally was declared illegal under the law banning “propaganda for non-traditional sexual relations.” The so called “anti-gay” law was introduced locally in St. Petersburg in 2012, but the day before this picture was taken President Putin added his signature to put the the law in effect nationwide. Mads Nissen/Panos

Pavel Lebedev, 23, left, walks hand-in-hand with his boyfriend, Kirill Kalugin, through the streets of St. Petersburg. Pavel says that he has been violently attacked six times in the last year. In spite of the danger, he insists he has the right to be open about his sexuality, and to choose who he loves. Mads Nissen/Panos

Yaroslav Yevtushenko, left, embraces his boyfriend, Dmitry Chunosov, at St. Petersburg's registry office where the couple, as an act of protest, attempts to officially register their marriage. As gay marriage is not acknowledged in Russia their submission was promptly rejected by the authorities. Mads Nissen/Panos

Lesbian couple Lada, 33, right, and Irina, 31, play with balloons at home with their three children. Some religious and conservative groups within Russia advocate the forced removal of children from all LGBT families. With increasing violent, verbal and legal attacks on LGBT-rights the lesbian couple says they don't feel safe, and they have considered leaving the country. Mads Nissen/Panos

Polina Popova, 25, with her pregnant girlfriend Irina Zinovieva, 37, who is 8 months pregnant. The lesbian couple, who both work in team building, have been together for 4 years and are expecting a baby. The donor is a gay friend. Mads Nissen/Panos

27-year-old Ruslan, a ballet dancer at The Academy of Russian Ballet, smokes a cigarette at the Central Station, an LGBT nightclub in central St. Petersburg. He was was married to a woman for five years but came out after he was divorced. Mads Nissen/Panos

Yana Petrova, right, embraces her girlfriend Elena Davydova. Mads Nissen/Panos

Pavel Lebedev, 23, right, with his boyfriend, Kirill Kalugin. Pavel hold his boyfriend’s hand in public - something most Russian LGBT's don't dare. Mads Nissen/Panos

The penalties for transgressing this law are harsh. For Russians it could mean fines of up to $150, for officials up to $1,500 and for organizations engaging in “propaganda” of this sort could carry fines up to $30,000. Engaging in these activities on the Internet, however loosely defined, carries significantly harsher fines. For foreigners the penalties are no less harsh, carrying a 15 day prison sentence and/or deportation from the country. What actually constitutes 'propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations' among minors, however, has left many in the dark.

轻语8888

禁止宣传同性恋也有错吗？你自己恋去好了。影响小朋友就是你的不是了。毕竟从人类生存繁衍的大局来说，同性恋没什么好处。