【地球之音20140201】环境保护主义是生态帝国主义么？

灰仔

【中文标题】为什么资源保护不是傲慢：一个不是生态帝国主义的案例
【原文标题】Why Conservation is Not Condescension: A Case Against Eco-imperialism
【登载媒体】State of the planet
【原文链接】http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2014/01/02/why-conservation-is-not-condescension-a-case-against-eco-imperialism/
【正文】

Western ecologists and conservationists have been portrayed at times as modern imperialists, forcefully imposing a radical ideology of environmentalism on the developing world. These so-called “eco-imperialists” are depicted as arrogant and uncaring elites, concerned with the protection of pristine nature, but indifferent to human welfare. Paul Driessen and other proponents of the eco-imperialist view argue that conservationists rob foreign nations of economic opportunity when land is kept out of development. They wrongly prioritize environmental integrity over economic progress, stripping the starving and desperate of a chance for better lives. Through this lens, environmentalism has been further interpreted as an imposition of foreign values, and as a violation of national sovereignty. Conservation is seen as a pursuit based on callous ideals, justified by contentious science.
西方生态学家和自然资源保护论者时不时把自己描绘成现代帝国主义者，竭力强加一种激进环境主义的意识形态给发展中国家。这些所谓的“生态帝国主义者”被描绘成自大的和不关心他人的精英分子，这些精英分子只关心原始的大自然，但是对人类的福祉漠不关心。Paul Driessen 和其他一些“生态帝国主义”观点的支持者提出，自然资源保护论这劫持了其它国家经济发展的机会，当土地都被保护起来而不能用于发展的时候。这些人错误地将环境的完整放在优先于经济进步的位置，剥脱了饱受饥饿和绝望的人拥有更好生活的机会。从这个方面看，环境保护主义已经被进一步解释为一种外来价值的强加，和一种对国家主权的侵犯。对自然资源的保护被看做是一种基于冷漠的理想的追求，这种追求的正当性被还具有争议的科学辩护。

[...] All people are entitled to the pursuit of a high quality of life, but if we sacrifice the integrity of the environment for economic gain in the short-term, many people will suffer down the road. The future of wild places in entwined with human welfare. Wildlands offer humanity many goods and services, acting as carbon sinks, providing clean drinking water, and offering novel foods and pharmaceuticals for example. Each ecosystem is a complex web of interactions that can only be perturbed so far before fundamentally changing, often to our detriment. When resources are used blindly and irresponsibly for immediate gain, whole civilizations can founder. Wouldn’t total collapse be the real violation of human rights? In arguing for environmental protection and the use of renewable resources, environmentalists are fighting for quality of life in the long term.
所有人都被赋予了追求更好的生活的权利，但是如果我们在短期内牺牲环境的完整性来获得经济收益，许多人会遭受生活质量的下降。自然环境的未来适合人类的福祉密不可分的。未经开发的地区给人类提供了许多产品和服务，例如，作为一个碳物质的清理场，提供干净的可饮用水，并且提供奇异的食物和药材。每一个生态系统都是一个复杂的相互联系的网络，这个网络在在根本性的变化发生之前目前只能被扰乱，通常是由于我们的损害。当资源为了眼前的收益被盲目地、不负责任地利用，整个文明将会倒塌。彻底的崩溃难道不是对人权的侵犯么？通过提倡环境保护和使用可再生资源，环境保护者正在为了长期的生活质量而奋斗。

For people starving today though, the long term is irrelevant. Basic human needs will always take precedence over environmental ideals. Therefore, it is critical to include local peoples in conservation action. Rather than setting aside resources for the enjoyment of the elite- feeding the eco-imperialist image of environmentalism- conservation efforts should include (and employ) citizens of developing countries. In this way, wildlands also take on local cultural significance, becoming a form of national patrimony. When the landscape becomes a source of national pride, its intrinsic value is acknowledged and it is most-effectively protected.
但是对于还在饥饿中的人们来说，长期的利益对他们而言是无关紧要的。基本的人的需求总是要优先于环境理想。因此，将当地人民纳入自然资源保护行动是必须的。而不是留出供精英者享乐的资源，满足生态帝国主义者的理想，资源保护者应该包括或者雇佣发展中国家的人民。通过这种方法，未开发利用的土地也将具有当地文化的重要性，变成一种民族的继承物。当自然景观成为民族自豪的一种来源之后，它内在的价值就被认可并且会被更加有效地保护。

Some see undeveloped land as an economic opportunity cost, assuming that progress inevitably involves human-modification of the landscape. However, when conservation is considered from an ecological perspective, the preservation of wildlands is highlighted as an urgent international priority. These undeveloped areas provide novel goods and services to people (such as new forms of food and medicine), which have an economic and social value that cannot be discounted. It is important that local people are included in conservation planning, and that the value of undeveloped places is effectively conveyed to a broad audience, both in the West and in developing nations. Here then, is the heart of effective conservation: to convey the value of healthy ecosystems to local people, so that Western conservationists and citizens of the developing world share the same environmental ideals.
有些人将还未开发的土地看做是一种经济的机会成本，假设进步将不可避免地产生人为地改变自然景观。但是，当资源保护着从一个生态的角度看的时候，对未经开发的土地的保护被强调为一件紧急的国际的优先考虑的事情。这些未发展的地区提供为人们奇异的产品和服务（比如新的食物品种和药材），它的经济和社会价值不应该被忽略。把当地居民纳入资源保护计划中是十分重要的，并且未开发地区的价值将被更有效地传递给更广泛的听众，在西方国家和发展中国家。结论是，有效的资环保护的核心是：将健康的生态系统的价值传递给当地人民，这样西方资源保护主义者和发展中国家的人民就都会有同样的环境理想了。

吕枫叶

对不对   两者必居其一

下个月

双刃剑

六铢衣

人与自然地和谐相处，其实是保护人类自己。

gaoang328

也是保护自己