【路透社 20150202】中央一号文件锁定食品安全、农业现代化

独秀文译青年

【原文标题】China eyes food safety, modern farms in 2015 rural policy

【中文标题】中央一号文件锁定食品安全、农业现代化

【文章来源】路透社

【文章链接】http://news.yahoo.com/china-tackle-food-safety-policy-priority-xinhua-110828210.html;_ylt=AwrBEiE2M89UQTgAVSfQtDMD

China has listed food safety and modernizing farms as among key priorities this year, its 2015 rural policy outline showed, as it tackles falling agricultural productivity that has raised concerns about its future food supply.

根据中国2015“中央一号文件”显示，中国将食品安全和农业现代化作为重点发展内容。这一举措致力于解决国内农业生产力增速下降的问题。有舆论担心，农业生产力增速下降将会中国未来的食品供应。

The "number one document", issued every January and released by state news agency Xinhua on Sunday, showed China will also protect farmland and lend more to farmers to narrow a wealth gap between rural and urban areas.

新华社在周日发行了这份“一号文件”，文件也涉及保护耕地和加大对农民的贷款力度以减小城乡贫富差距等内容。

Attempts to clean up land that has been damaged by heavy metal mining and processing will be widened this year, and "permanent farmland" that is off-limit to industrial and urban development will be created, the document said.

Modern farms will be set up, and regulation of the quality of food and other farm products will be enhanced, it said.

“今年将进一步扩大修复受污土地的工作、划定不受工业化和城镇化发展影响的永久农田、推进农业现代化、提高粮食安全标准等。”

On land reforms, aimed at allowing farmers to trade their land to alleviate poverty and create bigger and more efficient farms, the document said the focus is on expanding an experiment that registers land usage rights to cover entire provinces.

在土地改革方面，一号文件的重点是在各大省份扩大土地承包经营权登记颁证工作的试点，允许农民自愿有偿交易土地，鼓励和支持承包土地向专业大户、高效农场转变。

Chinese farmers typically hold long-term land use contracts allocated by the government, which allow them to farm the land but not sell it.

中国农民的土地使用权通常是长期的，且由政府分配，但政府不允许农民买卖土地。

China has been struggling to squeeze as much food out of its dwindling, contaminated land as possible as demand increases from ever-expanding urban regions.

尽管城镇化发展迅速导致土地面积减少、土地质量下降，但中国仍努力制定政策发展农业。

MORE LOANS TO FARMERS

加大贷款力度

About a third of China's population lives in rural areas, according to a Reuters estimate. Many young people have migrated to cities, reducing productivity on farms and raising concerns about the country's future food output.

据路透社估计，中国农村人口大约占总人口的30%。许多年轻人移居城市导致农业生产力下降。中国未来的粮食产量令人担忧。

More infrastructure will be built in rural areas, including laying water pipes, upgrading existing power grids, or constructing networks for alternative energy such as hydro and solar power.

文件还显示，“将在农村建设更多的基础设施，包括铺设水管、升级电网、建设水利发电和太阳能发电。”

Private investment in farms will be encouraged, and authorities will experiment with ways to provide cheaper financing options to more farmers, the document said.

文件鼓励私人投资农业，政府也将试行向更多农民提供更优惠的贷款政策。

China Development Bank, which makes large infrastructure investment at home and abroad and lends at the behest of China's government to support its policies, will have to increase mid- and long-term infrastructure loans to rural areas, it said.

“支持国家开发银行开展农村基础建设中长期贷款业务。”

The Postal Savings Bank of China, which serves low-income entrepreneurs, will be encouraged to expand in villages, the document showed.

“支持中国邮政储蓄银行拓展农村金融业务。”

Agricultural businesses that meet undisclosed criteria will also be encouraged to sell bonds, and the leasing of big farm equipment will be tested.

“支持符合条件的农业企业发行上市，鼓励开展大型农机具融资租赁试点。”

Direct subsidies for farmers, currently being trialled by cotton and soybean growers, will continue, the document said. Officials have said that authorities need more time to assess the efficacy of the subsidy before rolling it out to other crops.

文件还提到“将继续开展棉农和豆农的直接补贴工作。”政府官员称：“中央需要时间来评估直接补贴的有效性，之后才能推广这一政策。”