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本帖最后由 满仓 于 2015-7-10 08:35 编辑
【中文标题】一个高尚的中国矿工
【原文标题】A Chinese Miner With a Heart of Gold
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【原文作者】James Estrin
【原文链接】http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/06/23/a-chinese-miner-with-a-heart-of-gold/#
何全贵曾经是一个金矿的工人，他的生命在尘肺病的折磨下一点点地流逝。这是一种无法治愈但可以预防的肺病，多年来他在河南省一个非法的小型矿场的工作让他染病。在10年前患病之后，他36岁的妻子米世秀开始无微不至地照顾他。当他无力行走的时候，她会背着他，甚至上台阶。
何先生坐在凳子上，米世秀帮他洗澡。他原来体重140磅，现在只有88磅。
天刚刚亮，米世秀把柴禾背回家。
米世秀帮助丈夫洗头。
夫妻俩在卧室。
他们的家在山西省的山区。何先生在房子后面的小棚子里烤火。
何在从浴室回到卧室的半路摔倒，他拼命挣扎着呼吸。亲戚们围在旁边安慰他。第二天清晨，他试图自杀。
米世秀准备给丈夫打针。
过年的时候，何的父亲，76岁的何德承在厨房里做传统的供奉和祈福。
来到离家几小时车程的医院之后，何全贵被抬上担架。接待他的医生看了一眼他带过来的X光胸片之后，说：“他能来到这里真是奇迹。”
何挣扎着吃午饭。他的儿子为他捧着碗。
何自杀失败之后，他的妻子和儿子守在他的旁边。2013年冬天，何三次试图自杀，但不是失败就是被妻子发现了。
何患上尘肺病之后，没有能力做任何工作。他的父亲何德承和他的妻子不得不照顾他起居，同时承担了所有的农活。
何全贵在家注射抗生素，后来的诊断结果显示他患有肺结核。
18岁的何金波看到父亲早晨两次跌倒，在后院的棚子里无声地哭泣。他的祖父拉了拉他的胳膊，让他去吃点东西。孩子不想吃任何东西。
米世秀抱住丈夫的头，何在挣扎着呼吸。
何全贵一天都躺在床上，鼻子上的一根管子连着一个破旧的制氧机，确保氧气可以直接送到他的肺里。打断制氧机单调的嗡嗡声的，只有他气喘吁吁的咳嗽。和这个位于陕西省偏远山区村庄的很多村民一样，他响应政府的号召，在90年代外出打工。
他工作的地方是一个非法的金矿，他在那里为中国的经济增长贡献了一份力量，但代价是昂贵的。他患上了尘肺病，一种肺尘症的变体，这是中国最常见的一种职业病。
今天，如果他试图从床上起来，往往会跌倒，无法呼吸。有些治疗措施可以延缓他的生命，缓解痛苦，但是在矿场工作了7年之后，他既没有钱也没有任何福利。
如果2011年他没有在水果摊前遇到摄影师沈绮颖，他现在很可能已经死了。她来到这个偏远的山村，是为了记录那些在农民工矿场中工作的男人们所罹患疾病的状况。为了让报道更加真实，她希望寻找一个命不长久的矿工作为报道对象，于是她遇到了何。
何全贵的两侧肺叶手术之后的四个月，他和妻子米世秀在家里。
何在2004年知道自己染上了尘肺病。他和妻子米世秀、儿子金波住在一个土坯房子里，以贩卖水果为生。沈住在一间空置的阁楼中，一边拍照片，一边试图融入他们的生活。她本想讲述一个有关尘肺病的故事，但她很快发现了另一方面情节。
她说：“我发现这里发生的事，不仅仅是中国偏远农村一个即将死去的男人，而且是一个传奇的爱情故事。”
“他们的爱情力量如此强大、如此触手可及，有如此的单纯。即使在现在，他们也会经常拥抱，像孩子一样玩耍。”
在这里居住了一个星期之后，沈女士回到了自己的家。看着拍摄的照片，她觉得这个项目或许不会成功，因为这对夫妇总是对拍照不感兴趣。但是6个月之后，何的妻子打来一个电话，哭着请求帮助。
沈联系到一个朋友，那位调查记者运作着一个组织，帮助穷人对抗尘肺病。这个组织提供了1600美元的资金，让何可以在医院得到治疗。她飞往西安接到何，何已经无法走动，由他的内兄背着。
她整天待在医院里。晚上回到宾馆之后，忍不住为何的遭遇而落泪。何对沈说，如果治疗失败，请她把自己杀死，把尸体丢弃。
瘫倒在床上之后，何的妻子和儿子在安慰他，他试图把一口气喘上来。
医院的经历是一个转折点，沈不再是个陌生人。用何的话来说，她是一个“恩人”。从那以后，她随时可以住在何的家里，她与这个家庭的关系更加密切。她的出现让事情发生了改变，沈承认，或许有人觉得这不符合记者的职业道德规范。但是他觉得当时的情况必须要采取行动。
她说：“我首先是一个人，其次才是一个摄影师。作为纪实摄影师，我本应在更大的层面上改变一些事情，但当时的情况关乎一个人的生命，如果不采取行动，有悖我的良心。”
最后4年，她住在何的家里，记录下生活的点点滴滴，伴随着制氧机的嗡嗡声入睡。有一次，他在天亮前醒来，发现何正试图自杀。
沈在她的日记中记录下何说的话：“这一次我彻底放弃希望了。不停的呻吟、呼吸短促。如果我是个有钱人，我可以去城里的医院，用最好的药，还可以再活几年。但是我没有钱。”
何挣扎着爬上通往病房的台阶。
沈女士有时候为《纽约时报》拍摄一些照片，他希望趁何依然在世的时候把他的故事传播出去。尽管这些照片具有强大的冲击力，但几乎没有人愿意接受。
她说：“我把照片和视频在15到20个编辑看过，有些人哭了出来，但是没有人愿意发表。这算不上是个性感的话题，而且照片也不具有美学色彩。”没有过多的技术处理，不是模糊的黑白照片，也没有标准的人物肖像。“这不是我的故事，也不代表我的美学观点。这是一个濒死的男人和他的家庭的故事，这是中国头号职业病的故事。”
《国家地理》是唯一真正考虑发表这个故事的杂志，但拒绝了10页篇幅的报道，而是编辑出一段视频，名为《屋顶》。
何现在有一部廉价的智能手机，可以使用社交媒体来与其它罹患尘肺病的矿工分享自己的身体状况。他体重不足90磅，但依然活着。为了鼓励她，沈告诉他必须要坚持下去，要看到《国家地理》的视频会造成什么影响。
中国新闻媒体网站腾讯在这个月发表了视频和照片，为他筹集到1.6万美元。有了这笔钱，何可以回到医院重新接受治疗，偿还欠债，修好漏水的屋顶。
何在上个星期发给沈一条短信，说：“我从未想到过自己会坚持活到现在，可以亲眼见到周围发生的这些事情。也没想到过可以享受到现在的生活和被延长的生命。”
原文：
He Quangui, a former gold miner, is slowly dying of silicosis — an irreversible but preventable lung disease he contracted from years of working in small, unregulated mines in Henan Province in central China. Since he became ill 10 years ago, his wife, Mi Shixiu, 36, has had to take care of his every need. When he is too sickly to walk, she carries him, even up flights of stairs.
Mr. He sat on a stool while Mi Shixiu helped scrub him down. He once weighed 140 pounds, but is now barely 88 pounds.
Mi Shixiu carrying chopped firewood to her house shortly after dawn.
Mi Shixiu helping her husband wash his hair.
The couple in their bedroom.
Mr. He warming himself in a shed behind the couple’s house in the remote mountains of Shaanxi Province.
Mr. He sobbing and struggling to breathe after collapsing on his way to the bathroom. His relatives tried to comfort him. Early the next morning, he tried to commit suicide.
Mi Shixiu preparing an injection for her husband.
During the Chinese New Year, Mr. He’s father, He Decheng, 76, made traditional offerings and prayers from the family kitchen.
He Quangui was wheeled on a stretcher as he arrived at a hospital several hours’ drive from his remote village. The doctor who received him took one look at the chest X-rays he had brought with him and said, “It’s a miracle you made it here.”
Mr. He struggling to eat his lunch as his son held his metal bowl for him.
Shortly after Mr. He attempted suicide, his wife, center, and son stayed by his side. In winter 2013, Mr. He tried to take his own life, three times failing or being found out by his wife.
Mr. He, background, has been unable to do chores because of his silicosis. His father, He Decheng, front left, and his wife have had to take care of his every need and do all the farm work.
He Quangui on an antibiotic drip at home. It was determined later that he had tuberculosis.
He Jingbo, 18, wept quietly in a shack in the backyard after seeing his father collapse twice that morning. His grandfather tugged at his arm, telling him to go have some lunch. The teenager refused to eat.
Mi Shixiu cradled her husband’s head as he struggled to breathe.
He Quangui spends his days in a bed connected to a battered oxygen machine that pumps air into his lungs. The monotonous sound is punctuated only by his gasping cough. Like many of his fellow villagers in a mountainous area of Shaanxi Province in China, he answered the government’s call to leave his farm and make a better living as a migrant worker in the 1990s.
He went to work in an illegal gold mine, which, while helping fuel China’s growing economy, cost him dearly: He has silicosis, a form of pneumoconiosis, China’s most common occupational disease.
Today, when he leaves his bed, he often collapses, unable to breathe. There are treatments that could prolong his life and ease the suffering, but he has neither money nor benefits after his seven years working in the mines.
Had he not met the photographer Sim Chi Yin at his fruit stand in 2011, he would most likely be dead. She came to his remote village to document the ravages of lung disease among the men who worked as migrant miners. To make the story more immediate, she sought a dying miner to be the main character, and soon settled on Mr. He.
Four months after surgery on both lungs, He Quangui, who has terminal silicosis from his years as a gold miner in small, illegal mines, and his wife, Mi Shixiu, were at home for the summer.Credit Sim Chi Yin/VII
Mr. He learned he had silicosis in 2004. He lived in an old earthen house with his wife, Mi Shixiu, and their son, Jinbo. Together, they sold fruit; Ms. Sim stayed in a spare room above the stand, taking photos while trying to persuade the couple to let her into their lives. Though she started out doing a story about silicosis, she soon saw a different narrative.
“I realized this was not just a story about a dying man in a remote village in China,” she said. “It was a universal love story.”
“Their love was so powerful and palpable and so pure,” she said. “Even now, they cuddle and play like teenagers.”
Ms. Sim returned home after a week with some photos and a sense that the project might not work out because the couple was not interested in being photographed over a long period. But six months later, Mr. He’s wife called, crying and desperate for help.
Ms. Sim contacted a friend, an investigative journalist who ran an organization for poor people with silicosis. It arranged for a $1,600 grant so Mr. He could get treatment at a hospital. She flew to Xi’an and picked up Mr. He, who could not walk and had to be carried by his brother-in-law.
She spent long days at the hospital as both “caretaker and court jester trying to lift his spirits,” she said. At night, she returned to her hotel room and sobbed. Depressed, Mr. He asked Ms. Sim to take him far away, kill him and dump his body if the treatment failed.
After collapsing in bed, Mr. He was comforted by his wife and son, while he tried to catch his breath.Credit Sim Chi Yin/VII
The hospital stay was a turning point. Ms. Sim was no longer a stranger but, according to Mr. He, was his “savior.” From that point, she stayed in his home whenever she visited, and she became close to his family. Her intervention changed the story, and Ms. Sim acknowledges that some might find that unethical. But she felt the situation demanded action.
“I was a human being first and a photographer second,” she said. “As a documentary photographer, I want to bring about change around large issues, but given the opportunity to make a concrete change in one person’s life, it would be unconscionable not to do so.”
She has spent much of the last four years following Mr. He’s travails, living in his home and falling asleep in the next room listening to the drone of the oxygen machine. Once, she was awakened before dawn when Mr. He attempted suicide.
In her journal, Ms. Sim noted him saying: “I have completely given up hope this time. Moaning out loud, short of breath. If I were a rich man, I’d see it differently. I’d go to a hospital in the city and use the best drugs, and I’ll still be able to live for a few more years. But I don’t have the money.”
Mr. He struggled at the foot of some stairs to reach the hospital room where he would be treated.Credit Sim Chi Yin/VII
Ms. Sim, who sometimes photographs for The New York Times, has turned her attention to getting Mr. He’s story out while he is still alive. Despite the powerful images, she has had few takers.
“I’ve showed the photos and video to perhaps 15 or 20 editors, some of whom cried, but no one would publish it in print,” she said. “It’s not a sexy subject, and the photos aren’t highly aestheticized.”
They are not over-processed, blurry black-and-white images, nor are they fine art portraits, she added.
“This is a story that is not about me or my vision or my aesthetics,” she said. “It’s about a dying man and the impact on his family. It’s about this disease that’s China’s No. 1 occupational disease, period.”
National Geographic is the only magazine that expressed serious interest in publishing it, though a 10-page layout was ultimately rejected for publication. Instead, a video on Mr. He was featured on its photo blog, Proof.
Mr. He now has an inexpensive smartphone and uses social media to share health information with other miners with silicosis. He weighs less than 90 pounds but “is still hanging on,” Ms. Sim said. To keep his spirits up, she tells him that he must stay alive to see the impact of the videos and photo essay.
The Chinese news and photo website Tencent published the photos and videos this month and raised $16,000 from readers for Mr. He, who can now go to a hospital for new treatments, repay some debts and fix his leaking roof.
Mr. He sent a text to Ms. Sim last week: “I didn’t think that I could hold on and live till now, that I would see this happening with my own eyes, that I would enjoy the fruits of this collaboration myself and have it prolong my life.”
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狗仔卡
发表于 2015-7-10 08:31
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发表于 2015-7-10 08:38
