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本帖最后由 woikuraki 于 2012-3-31 17:12 编辑
【中文标题】中国禁止支付欧盟碳税 引起全球争议
【原文标题】China bars its airlines from paying EU carbon tax, ratcheting up global dispute
【登载媒体】华盛顿邮报
【来源地址】http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/china-bans-its-airlines-from-paying-eu-carbon-tax/2012/02/05/gIQAX9mosQ_story.html
【译者】花落无声
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/forum.php?mod=v ... 5&page=1#pid5562155
【译文】
China announced Monday it will prohibit its airlines from paying European Union charges on carbon emissions, ratcheting up a global dispute over the cost of combatting climate change.
周一，中国宣布将会禁止本国航空公司支付欧盟碳税，这引起了关于对抗气候变化的花费的全球争议。
The charges are aimed at curbing emissions of climate-changing gases but governments including China, the United States and Russia oppose them. The ratings agency Fitch warned in December the conflict could spiral into a global trade dispute.
碳税的目的是抑制引起气候变化的气体的排放，但是包括中国、美国和俄罗斯在内的政府都反对这项费用。评级机构惠誉在12月警告，这一冲突可能会上升为全球贸易争端。
The Chinese air regulator said China’s carriers are barred from paying the charges or other fees without government permission, the official Xinhua News Agency reported. It said Beijing will consider unspecified measures in response to protect Chinese companies.
官方新华社报道中国的航空管理者说，没有政府的允许，中国飞机被禁止支付碳税，或者任何其他费用。据称，北京将考虑通过未详细说明的措施来保护中国公司。
There was no indication there would be any immediate impact on flights between China and Europe or penalties for Chinese airlines. The charges took effect in January but money will not be collected until next year.
并没有任何中欧间航班会受到直接影响或中国航空公司会受到处罚的显示。碳税在1月开始生效，但直到明年才会开始收钱。
The dispute highlights Beijing’s complicated status in global climate efforts.
这一争议使得北京在全球气候努力方面的复杂地位更加明显。
China is the biggest source of climate-changing gases but as a developing country is exempt from Kyoto Protocol emission limits. Owners of Chinese power plants and factories have received billions of dollars from a European system that pays developing countries to curb emissions but Beijing has resisted binding limits.
中国是引起气候变化的气体的最大排放源，然而作为发展中国家，它被豁免了《京都议定书》的限制。中国发电厂和工厂的主人已经从欧洲系统那里得到了数亿美元，这笔钱是用来支付给发展中国家以抑制排放的，但是北京一直在反抗约束性限制。
Under the European system, airlines flying to or from Europe must obtain certificates for carbon dioxide emissions. They will get free credits to cover most flights this year but must buy or trade for credits to cover the rest.
在欧洲系统下，飞入欧洲或从欧洲飞出的航空公司都必须为二氧化碳的排放获得认证，它们将得到能覆盖今年大多数航班的免费碳排放额，但必须购买或者交换碳排放额度来覆盖剩余的航班。
“China objects to the EU’s decision to impose the scheme on non-EU airlines,” Xinhua quoted a statement by the Civil Aviation Administration of China as saying.
“中国拒绝欧盟向非欧盟航空公司施加此计划的决定，”新华社引用了中国民航总局的声明。
The European Union ambassador to Beijing, Markus Ederer, defended the charges as consistent with Europe’s efforts to be a “green leader” in curbing climate change and said they treat European and foreign carriers equally.
欧盟在北京的大使Markus Ederer为碳税辩护，说此项费用和欧洲希望通过抑制气候变化而成为“绿色领袖”的努力是一致的，并说他们平等对待欧洲和其它地区的飞机。
Ederer said it was too early to consider questions such as whether Chinese carriers might be compelled to pay. He said EU regulations include a provision to exempt carriers from countries with “equivalent measures” to curb carbon emissions.
Ederer说考虑中国飞机是否会被强制支付碳税这种问题还太早。他说欧盟条例包括这条规定：豁免从用“相同措施”抑制碳排放的国家而来的飞机。
“We are ready to engage in a discussion on recognizing the equivalent measures which would then exempt those airlines of those countries from the necessary dues that would have to be paid,” he said at a previously scheduled news conference on EU relations with China.
“我们准备好了参加如何认定相同措施的讨论，这些相同措施将能够豁免那些国家的航空公司，使它们不需要再支付必要的税款。”他在一场事先预定好的关于欧盟与中国关系的新闻发布会上说。
Ederer said that with free credits taken into account, the added cost per passenger on a flight from Beijing to Brussels, the EU capital, would be 17.50 yuan or 1.90 euros ($2.70).
Ederer说算上免费碳排放额，从北京到欧盟首都布鲁塞尔的航班上每个乘客只需要多付17.50元或说1.90欧元（2.70美元）。
“I leave it to you to make a judgment on whether this is too much for saving the Earth, combating climate change and making headway together,” he said.
“我任你们来判断这对拯救地球、应对气候变化和取得进展来说是否昂贵。”他说。
Environmentalists welcomed the European program, one of the most far-reaching measures adopted by any government to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. Although only 3 percent of total human-caused carbon emissions come from aircraft, aviation is the fastest-growing source of carbon pollution.
环保主义者欢迎这项欧洲项目，这是任何政府对控制温室气体排放所采取的影响最大的措施。尽管人类导致的碳排放总量中只有3%来自飞机，航空还是碳污染的最快发展的来源。
U.S. airlines, supported by governments including China and India, filed a legal challenge to the charges but the EU’s highest court upheld them in December.
美国航空公司对这项费用提起了法律挑战，该挑战被包括中国和印度的政府支持，但欧盟最高法庭在12月支持了此项费用。
Beijing could have unusually strong leverage in a possible dispute because its state-owned airlines carry large numbers of Chinese and other Asian tourists to Europe. Any disruption would hurt Europe’s travel industry when the continent is struggling with a debt crisis and high unemployment.
北京在一场可能发生的争议中可以有着不同寻常的强大影响力，因为它的国营航空公司承载大量中国和其他亚洲游客前往欧洲。任何破坏都会伤害欧洲的旅游业，而欧洲正在与债务危机和高失业率斗争。
The International Air Transport Association has criticized the charges as “market distorting.” It says the EU should negotiate through the International Civil Aviation Organization to reach a global agreement.
国际航空运输协会批评这项费用是“扭曲市场的”。它说，欧盟应该通过国际民航组织来谈判达成一个全球协议。
IATA, which represents about 240 airlines that carry 84 percent of global air traffic, estimates the new rules will cost airlines up to 900 million euros ($1.2 billion) this year and rise to 2.8 billion euros in 2020.
国际航空运输组织代表大概240个航空公司，这些公司运输了全球空中交通的84%，该组织估算这一新规定（指碳税）今年会花费航空公司高达9亿欧元（12亿美元），而在2020年会达到28亿欧元。
Ederer said the EU was open to discussing the issue through ICAO.
Ederer说欧盟愿意通过国际民航组织来讨论这个问题。
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