【08.05 美国《雷达》】最后的围捕（二）

dakelv

【题目】The Last Roundup  最后的围捕 （二）
【来源】《雷达》杂志
【链接】http://www.radaronline.com/from-the-magazine/2008/05/government_surveillance_homeland_security_main_core_01-print.php
【素材提供】Nicolle
【翻译】dakelv
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】此译文版权归Anti-CNN和译者共同拥有，转载请注明出处和译者。

【原文（2）】

Of course, federal law is somewhat vague as to what might constitute a "national emergency." Executive orders issued over the past three decades define it as a "natural disaster, military attack, [or] technological or other emergency," while Department of Defense documents include eventualities like "riots, acts of violence, insurrections, unlawful obstructions or assemblages, [and] disorder prejudicial to public law and order." According to one news report, even "national opposition to U.S. military invasion abroad" could be a trigger.

Let's imagine a harrowing scenario: coordinated bombings in several American cities culminating in a major blast—say, a suitcase nuke—in New York City. Thousands of civilians are dead. Commerce is paralyzed. A state of emergency is declared by the president. Continuity of Governance plans that were developed during the Cold War and aggressively revised since 9/11 go into effect. Surviving government officials are shuttled to protected underground complexes carved into the hills of Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Power shifts to a "parallel government" that consists of scores of secretly preselected officials. (As far back as the 1980s, Donald Rumsfeld, then CEO of a pharmaceutical company, and Dick Cheney, then a congressman from Wyoming, were slated to step into key positions during a declared emergency.) The executive branch is the sole and absolute seat of authority, with Congress and the judiciary relegated to advisory roles at best. The country becomes, within a matter of hours, a police state.

Interestingly, plans drawn up during the Reagan administration suggest this parallel government would be ruling under authority given by law to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, home of the same hapless bunch that recently proved themselves unable to distribute water to desperate hurricane victims. The agency's incompetence in tackling natural disasters is less surprising when one considers that, since its inception in the 1970s, much of its focus has been on planning for the survival of the federal government in the wake of a decapitating nuclear strike.

Under law, during a national emergency, FEMA and its parent organization, the Department of Homeland Security, would be empowered to seize private and public property, all forms of transport, and all food supplies. The agency could dispatch military commanders to run state and local governments, and it could order the arrest of citizens without a warrant, holding them without trial for as long as the acting government deems necessary. From the comfortable perspective of peaceful times, such behavior by the government may seem far-fetched. But it was not so very long ago that FDR ordered 120,000 Japanese Americans—everyone from infants to the elderly—be held in detention camps for the duration of World War II. This is widely regarded as a shameful moment in U.S. history, a lesson learned. But a long trail of federal documents indicates that the possibility of large-scale detention has never quite been abandoned by federal authorities. Around the time of the 1968 race riots, for instance, a paper drawn up at the U.S. Army War College detailed plans for rounding up millions of "militants" and "American negroes," who were to be held at "assembly centers or relocation camps." In the late 1980s, the Austin American-Statesman and other publications reported the existence of 10 detention camp sites on military facilities nationwide, where hundreds of thousands of people could be held in the event of domestic political upheaval. More such facilities were commissioned in 2006, when Kellogg Brown & Root—then a subsidiary of Halliburton—was handed a $385 million contract to establish "temporary detention and processing capabilities" for the Department of Homeland Security. The contract is short on details, stating only that the facilities would be used for "an emergency influx of immigrants, or to support the rapid development of new programs." Just what those "new programs" might be is not specified.
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(Photo: Getty Images)

In the days after our hypothetical terror attack, events might play out like this: With the population gripped by fear and anger, authorities undertake unprecedented actions in the name of public safety. Officials at the Department of Homeland Security begin actively scrutinizing people who—for a tremendously broad set of reasons—have been flagged in Main Core as potential domestic threats. Some of these individuals might receive a letter or a phone call, others a request to register with local authorities. Still others might hear a knock on the door and find police or armed soldiers outside. In some instances, the authorities might just ask a few questions. Other suspects might be arrested and escorted to federal holding facilities, where they could be detained without counsel until the state of emergency is no longer in effect.

It is, of course, appropriate for any government to plan for the worst. But when COG plans are shrouded in extreme secrecy, effectively unregulated by Congress or the courts, and married to an overreaching surveillance state—as seems to be the case with Main Core—even sober observers must weigh whether the protections put in place by the federal government are becoming more dangerous to America than any outside threat.

Another well-informed source—a former military operative regularly briefed by members of the intelligence community—says this particular program has roots going back at least to the 1980s and was set up with help from the Defense Intelligence Agency. He has been told that the program utilizes software that makes predictive judgments of targets' behavior and tracks their circle of associations with "social network analysis" and artificial intelligence modeling tools.

"The more data you have on a particular target, the better [the software] can predict what the target will do, where the target will go, who it will turn to for help," he says. "Main Core is the table of contents for all the illegal information that the U.S. government has [compiled] on specific targets." An intelligence expert who has been briefed by high-level contacts in the Department of Homeland Security confirms that a database of this sort exists, but adds that "it is less a mega-database than a way to search numerous other agency databases at the same time."

dakelv

【译文（二）】


（危机时刻：如果911再发生，冷战时制定的继续执政计划便会生效）

当然，联邦法律对于“国家紧急状态”的构成语焉不详。过去三十年发布的行政命令把它定义成“自然灾害、军事侵略，[或者]技术上以及其他方面的紧急事件,”，而国防部的文件中则包括如下可能性：“暴乱、暴行、叛乱、非法阻碍或者集会，[以及]针对公共法律和秩序不满而引起的混乱。”据一份新闻报道，即使是“针对美国在海外的军事侵略而引起的全国性反对活动” 也可能引发国家紧急状态。

让我们想象一下这样一个可怕的场景：在美国数个城市同时发生的爆炸案最后升级为发生在纽约市的大爆炸 -- 比如说装在手提箱里的核爆炸 --造成数千平民死亡。商业陷于瘫痪，总统宣布全国进入紧急状态。“继续执政”计划，这个在冷战时制定的、在911事件后又被重温的计划开始实施。残存的政府官员被接送到在马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州和宾州的山洞里建造的地下建筑里。政权转移到一个由提前被秘密选拔的官员组成的“并列政府”手中。（在1980年代，时任一个制药公司总裁的唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德【译注：美国前国防部长】和时任国会议员的来自怀俄明州的迪克·切尼【译注：美国副总统】被选择在宣布紧急状态时担任政府主要职位。）行政机关拥有唯一的和绝对的权威，而国会和司法机关充其量只能担任顾问的角色。整个国家在数小时之内变成了一个极权国家。

有趣的是，在里根时代起草的计划里，这个平行政府届时是在美国联邦紧急事务管理局的权威下管理国家，而这个美国联邦紧急事务管理局下辖的倒霉的分管部门在台风期间竟然无能到连饮用水都送不到灾民的手中。这个紧急管理署面对自然灾害所表现出来的无能是毫不奇怪的，因为自从1970年成立以来，它的工作重点就是在受到致命的核武攻击后，如何计划政府的复苏。

法律规定，在国家紧急状态期间，美国联邦紧急事务管理局及其上级部门 - 国土安全部 -有权扣押私有和公有财产以及各种形式的运输工具和所有商品供应。紧急事务管理局还可以派遣军官去执掌州和地方政府，可以在没有逮捕令的情况下逮捕公民，同时只要临时政府觉得有必要，可以在不经审判的情况下对他们进行无限期的关押。从和平时期的舒服角度来看，这些政府行为有点过分了，但是在不甚遥远的罗斯福时代，政府曾下令把12万美籍日本人，包括老人和婴儿，统统关进拘留营直至二战结束。这被普遍认为是美国历史非常可耻的而又需要借鉴的一页。但是一系列的联邦文件显示，联邦官员从来没有真正地抛弃大规模拘捕这种可能性。比如在1968年前后的种族骚乱时期，美军的战争学院曾经起草了一份详细的计划，这个计划是有关如何拘捕数以百万计的“好战分子”和“美国黑鬼”，并将他们关押在“集中中心或者迁移营”。在1980年代末，《奥斯丁美国政治家日报》和其他报刊曾报道，美国全国范围内的军事区里存在着10个羁留营，如果国内发生政治动荡，这些羁留营可以用来关押成千上万的人。2006年更多类似的设施被修建，当时还是哈利伯顿下属公司的Kellogg Brown &Root公司，从国土安全部那里拿到了价值3百85万美元的合同用以修建一个“临时羁押和处理中心”。合同中没有透露细节，只提到这个设施是为“移民的紧急涌入和支持新项目的快速开发”而用。至于那些所谓的“新项目”是什么则不得而知。



在假想的恐怖袭击之后的日子里，事件将会如此展开：当人们还沉浸在恐怖和愤怒中时，官方将会以公共安全的名义采取前所未有的行动。国土安全部的官员开始积极地去审查那些出于各种各样的原因被“主核”标识为可能对国家造成威胁的人。这些人中有些人可能会收到一封信或者电话，其他人有可能被要求到本地官方处登记。还有的人可能会受到警察或者武装士兵的造访。在某些情况下，官方只是问几个问题而已，而其他的嫌疑人则可能被逮捕并被送往联邦拘留中心。在那里他们可能会在没有任何法律援助的情况下一直被关押到紧急状态结束。

当然，对于任何政府来说，做最坏的打算都是无可厚非的。但是当“继续执政”计划被笼罩在极度的神秘之中、未得到国会和法庭的许可、而且诞生于一个监控无度的政府之中时（“主核”的存在说明了这一切），那么，即使是最沉得住气的观察家都不的不衡量一下，联邦政府的这些保护措施对于美国来说是不是变得比外来的威胁更具有危险性。


另外一个消息灵通人士是一个前军方职员，他定期从情报人员那里得到简报。他说这个计划至少可以追溯到1980年代，而且是在国防情报机构的帮助下建立的。他被告知，在这个计划里软件被用来预测和判断目标人的行为，而且“社会网络分析”和人工智能模型工具也被用来来追踪他们的社交圈。

“围绕着一个特定目标搜集的数据越多，这个软件就能越精确地预测目标将会干什么、在什么地方采取行动以及会向何人求救，”他说。“主核”是美国政府针对特定目标搜集的违法信息的一个总目录。“一个听取过国土安全部的高层联系人汇报的情报专家证实，这种数据库是存在的，但是他又接着说，”它本身并不是一个一个超级数据库，而是一种可以同时搜索其他部门的数据库的一种方式。”

【下期预告】

你被监控了：从你昨晚的电子邮件和旅行计划到电话记录和金融交易，政府对你都很感兴趣 -- 而且很可能把你当成潜在的公敌。

[ 本帖最后由 dakelv 于 2008-10-23 09:34 编辑 ]

大斌斌

长知识。顶了

sailsmoon

美国如果这样也不错

wulixuan

预告内容很震撼，很好很强大！

happychina19

下期预告中感觉更精彩.

故事结束后有没有导演看中拍一部美国大片<国家机密>.

妩人少将

预告内容很震撼，很好很强大！
本文内容很震撼，很好很强大！

kitty

好文 继续支持