MIT成功研发超级电池 十秒完成手机充电

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MIT成功研发超级电池　十秒完成手机充电

http://www.chinareviewnews.com   2009-03-12 16:49:14  http://cn.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1009/1/2/2/100912252.html?coluid=0&kindid=0&docid=100912252

MIT教授Gerbrand Ceder。

中评社香港3月12日电／美国麻省理工学院（MIT）的科学家成功研制出一种革命式电池，可以在短短十秒钟内，为手机完成充电程序，把充电时间大幅减省数小时。 　　这款电池是MIT研究院学生Byoungwoo Kang和教授Gerbrand Ceder共同研发的，充电速度是传统电池的一百倍，除了手机外，还可以替手提电脑、iPod、数码相机，甚至电动汽车充电。 　　研究人员预计，这种革命式电池可以在两、三年内面世，用途广泛。由于充电快速，甚至可以用来为电动汽车充电，而充电时间亦只需约五分钟。 　　MIT人员表示，他们是使用现有的电池生产材料进行研究，因此很容易大量生产。

黑桃A

啊，那不是以后走到那里手机都有电？只要有插头

hui1012hui

美国科技太强了

芒果记

是真的 话就是一场科技革命了
不过这年头实验室里的噱头太多了，即使是假的，隔几年也就忘了，没人追究

fanancai

不可思议。

一部手机的电池，容量少说也有500mAh，十秒钟充完，电流会是多大？
500×10E-3×3600s/10s=180A

什么概念？

fuyun

http://www.physorg.com/news156000014.html
MIT engineers have created a kind of beltway that allows for the rapid transit of electrical energy through a well-known battery material, an advance that could usher in smaller, lighter batteries — for cell phones and other devices — that could recharge in seconds rather than hours.

The work could also allow for the quick recharging of batteries in electric cars, although that particular application would be limited by the amount of power available to a homeowner through the electric grid.
The work, led by Gerbrand Ceder, the Richard P. Simmons Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, is reported in the March 12 issue of Nature. Because the material involved is not new — the researchers have simply changed the way they make it — Ceder believes the work could make it into the marketplace within two to three years.


Enlarge
Scanning electron micrograph of a particle of the new battery material. Dark area indicates the inside of the particle surrounded by a lighter surface layer only five nanometers wide. Image courtesy / Ceder Lab
State-of-the-art lithium rechargeable batteries have very high energy densities — they are good at storing large amounts of charge. The tradeoff is that they have relatively slow power rates — they are sluggish at gaining and discharging that energy. Consider current batteries for electric cars. "They have a lot of energy, so you can drive at 55 mph for a long time, but the power is low. You can't accelerate quickly," Ceder said.
Why the slow power rates? Traditionally, scientists have thought that the lithium ions responsible, along with electrons, for carrying charge across the battery simply move too slowly through the material.
About five years ago, however, Ceder and colleagues made a surprising discovery. Computer calculations of a well-known battery material, lithium iron phosphate, predicted that the material's lithium ions should actually be moving extremely quickly.
"If transport of the lithium ions was so fast, something else had to be the problem," Ceder said.
Further calculations showed that lithium ions can indeed move very quickly into the material but only through tunnels accessed from the surface. If a lithium ion at the surface is directly in front of a tunnel entrance, there's no problem: it proceeds efficiently into the tunnel. But if the ion isn't directly in front, it is prevented from reaching the tunnel entrance because it cannot move to access that entrance.

Ceder and Byoungwoo Kang, a graduate student in materials science and engineering, devised a way around the problem by creating a new surface structure that does allow the lithium ions to move quickly around the outside of the material, much like a beltway around a city. When an ion traveling along this beltway reaches a tunnel, it is instantly diverted into it. Kang is a coauthor of the Nature paper.
Using their new processing technique, the two went on to make a small battery that could be fully charged or discharged in 10 to 20 seconds (it takes six minutes to fully charge or discharge a cell made from the unprocessed material).
Ceder notes that further tests showed that unlike other battery materials, the new material does not degrade as much when repeatedly charged and recharged. This could lead to smaller, lighter batteries, because less material is needed for the same result.
"The ability to charge and discharge batteries in a matter of seconds rather than hours may open up new technological applications and induce lifestyle changes," Ceder and Kang conclude in their Nature paper.
Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (news : web)

愤KING

别冲的快放的也快就行。

竹隐泉

实验室里的东西还是再观望一下

fuyun

http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090311/full/news.2009.156.html
Lithium batteries charge aheadResearchers demonstrate cells that can power up in seconds.
Geoff Brumfiel

Coated electrodes allow lithium-ion cells to charge up in secondsGetty
Two researchers have developed battery cells that can charge up in less time than it takes to read the first two sentences of this article. The work could eventually produce ultra-fast power packs for everything from laptop computers to electric vehicles.
Byoungwoo Kang and Gerbrand Ceder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge have found a way to get a common lithium compound to release and take up lithium ions in a matter of seconds. The compound, which is already used in the electrodes of some commercial lithium-ion batteries, might lead to laptop batteries capable of charging themselves in about a minute. The work appears in Nature1 this week.
Lithium-ion batteries are commonplace in everything from mobile phones to hybrid vehicles. "They're essentially devices that move lithium ions between electrodes," says Ceder. The batteries generate an electric current when lithium ions flow out from a storage electrode, float through an electrolyte, and are chemically bound inside the opposing cathode. To recharge the battery, the process is reversed: lithium ions are ripped from the cathode compound and sent back to be trapped in their anode store.
The speed at which a battery can charge is limited by how fast its electrons and ions can move - particularly through its electrodes. Researchers have boosted these rates by building electrodes from nanoparticle clumps, reshaping their surfaces, and using additives such as carbon. But for most lithium-ion batteries, powering up still takes hours: in part because the lithium ions, once generated, move sluggishly from the cathode material to the electrolyte.
Tunnel visionThat seemed to be the case for lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), a material that is used in the cathode of a small number of commercial batteries. But when Ceder and Kang did some calculations, they saw that the compound could theoretically do much better. Its crystal structure creates "perfectly sized tunnels for lithium to move through", says Ceder. "We saw that we could reach ridiculously fast charging rates."
So why hadn't anyone seen this speedy charging in practice? Ceder and Kang theorize that the lithium ions were having trouble finding their way to the crystal structure's express tunnels. The authors helped the ions by coating the surface of the cathode with a thin layer of lithium phosphate glass, which is known to be an excellent lithium conductor. Testing their newly-coated cathode, they found that they could charge and discharge it in as little as 9 seconds.
"As far as I know, this is the fastest yet for this material," comments Peter Bruce, a chemist at the University of St Andrews, UK. The researchers do not know exactly how the disordered glass helps lithium ions transfer between the electrolyte and the cathode.
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Other materials, such as nickel oxide, have achieved similarly fast charging rates, says John Owen, a chemist at the University of Southampton, UK. "This is a nice demonstration of the concept in a lithium system," he says. Lithium, though, can store more energy for less weight than nickel compounds, and holds its charge better.
It's particularly important because lithium iron phosphate is already being used commercially, adds Bruce. Speeding lithium ion movement would vastly improve energy recovery in hybrid vehicles, which recharge their batteries when the vehicle brakes — a process that lasts only seconds. It could also eventually lead to fully electric vehicles that could charge reasonably quickly.
Ceder says that he thinks that improvements in modelling will allow researchers to find other candidates for ultra-fast batteries. "My guess is that there are more materials like this out there," he says.

tony1984

会不会因为速度太快而爆炸哦？

fuyun

LiFePO4电极的Li离子电池现在大规模的商业应用，有兴趣的上baidu看看就知道了，没有多少技术含量的。国内很多小厂生成这种材料，利润也很高。

这种材料本身的晶体结构允许锂离子在内部做隧道型传输，因此是很好的电极材料。而且目前主要用于大电流放电的场合，比如动力电池。

作者做了计算，发现目前的速度离理论值还差很多，于是，在LiFePO4电极表面加了一层磷酸锂玻璃态层，结果发现有利于锂离子的传输，重放电时间可以小到10s，尽管目前还不知道这层物质如何在电极和电解质间起到加速离子传输的作用。

由于LiFePO4目前大规模商业应用，所以作者相信在未来2－3年内这种技术能在商业上应用。

ps,如果一切顺利，而且安全性问题也不大，那么用到潜艇上面就niubility了

一一一

如果，此电池成为商品化，并普及用于汽车上，那将颠覆现有的曲轴活塞式的汽油汽车和柴油汽车及天然气汽车的动力结构。这样，汽车的动力结构，将真正形成革命性的突破。