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发表于 2010-3-11 08:57
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British food culture 英国的饮食文化
http://www.hjenglish.com/talk/page/85868/
Today people in the UK eat a more varied diet than ever before. As well as the regional diets of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous Britons: Chinese, Greek, Indian, Italian, Thai, American fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips.
今天，英国人的饮食比以往更加多样化。除了英国地方性饮食习惯诸如英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰，许多移民社区也将他们的饮食带到了英国：中国，希腊，印度，意大利，泰国，美国快餐食品，如比萨饼，汉堡包和炸鸡已在一定程度上取代传统的快餐店的炸鱼和薯条。
Because of the climate and the Germanic origins of many of its early people, the UK has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country. Nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of England have proved successful. In the west of England the traditional drink is cider, rather than beer. Over Britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea.
由于气候和日耳曼起源，英国人在传统上一直是喝啤酒，而不是葡萄酒的饮用国。然而，近年来，葡萄园在英格兰南部的栽培已证明是成功的。英格兰西部的传统饮料是苹果酒，而不是啤酒。然而从总体而言，英国的传统饮品却是茶。
今天我们来详细介绍一下英国的早餐：
The most famous meal in Britain could be the traditional breakfast. What makes it so popular with British people and visitors alike?
在英国最有名的一餐可能就要数早餐了。为什么它会这么受英国人和游客的喜爱呢？
英式早餐全餐（British Breakfast），比其他国家的正餐还要丰富，绝非只有牛角包配果酱咖啡的欧式早餐（Continental Breakfast）可比。这份早餐俗称the fry-up，因为里面多是煎炸的食物：香肠（sausage），腌肉（bacon），蘑菇（mushroom），番茄（tomato）。除此之外，还有土司（toast），英式烤饼（scone），茄汁焗豆（baked beans）等食物。
吃英式早餐，鸡蛋是不能少的；鸡蛋通常有四种烹调方法：
Fried 煎
英国人煎蛋，通常只煎一面，蛋黄生生的，俗称“太阳蛋”，也就是美国人口中的sunny side up
Scrambled 炒
Boiled 煮
是把鸡蛋连壳直接放进水里煮，熟透的叫做hard-boiled，半熟的叫做 soft-boiled
Poached 炖
是把蛋去壳后用温水煮，煮出来的蛋内生外熟，形状不一
英式早餐茶
Accounts of its origins vary. Drinking a blend of black teas for breakfast is indeed a longstanding British custom. The practice of referring to such a blend as "English breakfast tea" appears to have originated not in England but America, as far back as Colonial times.
英国人喝早餐茶的习惯事实上是英国长久以来的传统。只是“英国早餐茶”这一说法却不是从英国而来的，而是从殖民地时期从美国而来。
English Breakfast tea is a black tea blend usually described as full-bodied, robust, and/or rich, and blended to go well with milk and sugar, in a style traditionally associated with a hearty English breakfast. It is the most common style of tea in Britain.
英国早餐茶是由集中红茶以一定比例拼配而成，是一种口味醇厚，香味浓郁的饮品。适合搭配牛奶和糖。与多姿多彩的英式早餐相得益彰。是英国最常见的一种茶。
今天我们要介绍的是英国的午餐：
What is a typical English lunch? 什么是典型的英国午餐？
Many children at school and adults at work will have a 'packed lunch'. This typically consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a drink. The 'packed lunch' is kept in a plastic container.
在学校和工作中的成年人许多儿童有一个“打包午餐”。这通常包括一个三明治，一包薯片，水果和饮料片。“打包午餐”装在一个塑料容器。
Sandwiches are also known as a 'butty' or 'sarnie' in some parts of the UK.
在英国某些地区，三明治也被称为“butty”或“sarnie”。
在英国的午餐中，三明治扮演着一个重要的角色。为什么呢？
首先，通常英国的午餐时间是比较短的，一般在一个小时左右，所以不会吃得很隆重。做学生的时候，有很多人可能就是几个chocolate bar，一袋薯片，一个苹果，香蕉啥的就凑合了。勤快点的，自己做了sandwich 带过来，有点钱就到学校的canteen或cafeteria 花个三镑左右吃点薯条，pizza，pasta（意面）之类的。上班的，情况和现在的大城市也差不多，自己带，在外面的 pub，Cafe & Restaurant 吃个简餐，或是公司的食堂。
其次，sandwich作为午餐比较快捷（做起来快，吃起来也快），便利（边走边吃，还可以不洗碗），实惠（即本1，2镑就搞定），非常适合现代人的快节奏，午餐舍它其谁？
英国上班族午餐仅用3分半钟
The traditional lunch break is disappearing, with workers spending only 3.5 minutes a day eating their midday meal, according to new research.
最新调查表明，英国现代的上班族们花在午餐上的时间只有3分半钟，因为大家都挤出大量休息时间办理私事。
While people used to take their break with a leisurely meal or stroll, they now spend their time shopping, making personal calls or checking their online bank account.
据《每日电讯报》5月19日报道，上班族在午间漫不经心地享用美食甚至饭后漫步的情景已经不多见了，越来越多的人都在利用午餐时间去购物、打电话或是查询网络银行帐户等。
今天我们着重要为大家介绍的是Afternoon Tea: A very British tradition
正统英式维多利亚下午茶的生活文化内涵：
英国在维多利亚女皇时代（公元1837～1901）是大英帝国最强盛的时代，文化艺术蓬勃发展；人们醉心于追求艺术文化的内涵及精致生活品味。
维多莉亚下午茶是一门综合的艺术，简朴却不寒酸,华丽却不庸俗。
著名作家Henry James曾经说过：“There are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.”
You might be surprised to learn that British people love tea. In fact, afternoon tea is more than just a drink – sometimes it's a complete meal.
英国人喜爱喝茶，对于这点你或许会感到些许惊讶。事实上，下午茶对于英国人来说，远远不止是一种饮品，有时候那便是一顿完整的餐饭。
The custom of taking afternoon tea is believed to have been first introduced in England in 1840 by Anna, the Seventh Duchess of Bedford. At that time lunch was taken early and dinner was not served in the evening until about 9 pm. The Duchess apparently became hungry in the afternoon and asked for some tea, bread and butter and cake to be brought to her room. This soon became a habit and the Duchess started to invite friends round to join her.
一般认为，英国下午茶的传统是维多利亚女王时代1840年期间由贝德芙公爵夫人安娜女士所开创的。那时候，午餐开始得很早，而通常直到晚上9点人们才开始吃晚餐。公爵夫人每到下午便感到百无聊赖甚至饥肠辘辘，便让女仆准备一些差点，面包，黄油以及蛋糕送往她的房间。很快，喝下午茶便流行起来。公爵夫人也开始邀请她的朋友共饮下午茶。
Very quickly it became fashionable to take tea in the middle of the afternoon and the occasion became more and more elaborate with the use of elegant tea ware, lace and embroidered table linen, bone china tea services, cake stands, tea canisters and blending bowls. During the 1880's upper-class and society women would change into long gowns, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea which was usually served in the drawing room between four and five o'clock.
很快，在午后时光，喝下午茶便蔚然成风。随后，下午茶变得更为精致。典雅的茶壶，蕾丝或绣花桌布，骨瓷杯，饼架，茶罐均为下午茶增添了一份高雅。19世纪80年代，每到下午4点或5点，贵族妇女便会穿上长袍，戴上手套以及帽子，前往休息室喝下午茶。
Traditional afternoon tea consists of a selection of dainty sandwiches (including of course thinly sliced cucumber sandwiches), scones served with clotted cream and preserves. Cakes and pastries are also served.
传统的下午茶提供可口的三明治（当然也包括薄薄的黄瓜三明治），由奶油和果酱涂抹的烤饼。蛋糕和面粉糕饼也在下午茶上供应。
Nowadays however, in the average suburban home, afternoon tea is likely to be just a biscuit or small cake and a mug of tea, usually produced using a teabag. Sacrilege!
然而在如今，在大多数郊区居民的家中，下午茶更趋向于是简简单单的一块饼干，一小块蛋糕，以及一大杯由茶包冲泡的茶。真是可惜！
最后与大家一起分享一些名人对下午茶的看法：
"If you are cold, tea will warm you,
If you are too heated, it will cool you,
If you are depressed, it will cheer you,
If you are exhausted, it will calm you."
——by William Gladstone （liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times (1809-1898)
"Love and scandal are the best sweeteners of tea."
——by Henry Fielding |
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发表于 2010-3-11 08:51
