本帖最后由 lilyma06 于 2011-9-13 16:12 编辑
【中文标题】西方将非洲拱手让给中国了吗？
【原文标题】Is the West losing Africa to China?
【登载媒体】CNN
【来源地址】http://edition.cnn.com/2011/BUSINESS/09/08/america.losing.influence.africa/
【译 者】我思我走
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【译 文】
China's growing influence in Africa is creating nervousness in the West, say analysts.
分析家称：中国在非洲日益增长的影响力正导致西方的不安。
In a series of reports, CNN's Marketplace Africa looks at China and India's growing involvement in Africa, and what that means for the continent's economic future.
美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）“非洲商界”的系列报道重点关注中国和印度在非洲日益增长的业务，以及这片大陆未来的经济发展方式。
(CNN) -- With Chinese yuan and Indian rupees increasingly finding their way into Africa's economies, Western powers are worried that they are losing influence in the resource-rich continent, according to analysts.
中国的人民币和印度的卢比正迅速地进军非洲经济大潮，西方强国担心他们自己将在这个资源丰富的大洲丧失影响力，分析家如是说。
Driven by their appetite for natural resources, trade opportunities and political alliances, emerging powers such as China and India are moving from the sidelines to the center stage in Africa -- a region the West has long considered to be its own trading partner.
受对自然资源的旺盛需求、贸易机会和政治盟友的驱动，像中国和印度这种新兴大国正从非洲舞台的边缘走向中心，而这里历来被西方视为自己专属的贸易伙伴。
While Western countries are still important players in Africa's energy sector, the deepening engagement of China in Africa's infrastructure, mineral sector and telecommunications is creating "deep nervousness" in the West, says David Shinn, the former U.S. ambassador to Burkina Faso and Ethiopia.
美国前任驻布基纳法索和埃塞俄比亚的大使大卫·辛恩说，当西方国家仍然在非洲领域扮演重要角色时，中国深入参与到非洲的基础设施、矿业、通讯业建设之中，这引起了西方国家“深深的不安”。
The competition in these areas, he explains, usually pits big Chinese enterprises that are financially backed by Beijing's deep pockets against Western companies that often have shareholders to consider and are by-and-large acting independently of their governments' desires.
他解释到，在这些领域的竞争中，通常是背后有北京方面雄厚的财力支持的中国企业，而这些需要考虑股东利益，大体上独立运作不受政府干预的西方公司之间的竞争。
"If the Chinese government wants to encourage an engagement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, they can make it happen," says Shinn. "If the United States wants its companies to get involved in the DRC all they can do is say 'look, there's an opportunity there, why don't you go explore it' and if they want to explore it, they do and if they don't they don't."
“如果中国政府想要鼓励跟刚果民主共和国建立联系，他们就会实现它，如果美国想让美国公司做同样的事，他们所能做的只是告诉公司‘看，那里有机会，为什么不去探索一下？’，这之后公司想继续探索就做，不想做就不做了。”辛恩说。
According to Shinn, this different system of government "does create anxieties" because "the United States and the West see China filling all kinds of voids that it thought it would eventually fill."
根据辛恩的观点，这种不同的政府体制“确实制造了焦虑”，因为“美国和西方看着中国填补空白直至把所有的缝隙都填满”。
China overtook the United States as Africa's biggest trade partner in 2009, according to OECD figures, whereas in 2000 the United States' trade with Africa was three times that of China's.
India's bilateral trade with Africa jumped from around $1 billion in 2001 to about $50 billion last year.
根据经济合作与发展组织的统计数据，中国在2009年超过美国成为非洲的最大贸易伙伴，而2000年美国与非洲的贸易量是中国的三倍。 印度与非洲的双边贸易从2001年的10亿美元跃升至去年的500亿。 India bids to be Africa's 'new best friend'
The European Union still accounts for more than 40% of Africa's trade but the share of Africa's trade with the EU and U.S. fell from 77% to 62% over the last decade. At the same time, the share for new economic forces -- China and India but also countries like Brazil, Turkey and South Korea -- rose from about 23% to 39%.
印度志在成为非洲“新的好朋友“ 欧盟在非洲的贸易量中仍占据了超出40%的份额，但欧盟与美国在非洲外贸所占据的份额在过去的十年里从77%下降到了62%。与此同时，新兴经济体中国、印度、巴西、土耳其和韩国所占份额从23%上升至39%。 China's first official aid project in Africa took place in the 1960s, and in 1975 it completed construction of the iconic Tanzania-Zambia railway. In the early 1990s, when headline-writers would often label Africa as the "failed continent," Beijing decided to step up its foray into the continent, filling the gap left by an exodus of Western investors.
"Just as Western companies were mothballing mines, walking away, certainly not bringing new investments, China plunged in and dared to go where the white man feared to trade," says Richard Dowden, director of the Royal African Society, based in London.
中国于1960年开始了第一个官方援非项目标志性工程——坦赞铁路，并于1975年完工。在90年代初，当世界舆论将非洲描述为“失去的大陆”时，北京决定加快入侵这块大陆的速度，填补大批西方投资者离去留下的空白。 伦敦的皇家非洲学会负责人理查德·多登说“当西方公司封起矿产，离开此地不再投资时，中国大举进入并敢于去白人不敢去的地方做生意。 "It was quite amusing to see the Western mining companies, who'd been shrugging their shoulders at Africa and looking elsewhere, suddenly rushing back in."
The emergence of China as a major player in Africa has prompted many Western countries to change their strategies on the continent and emphasize the need for collaboration.
“这非常有趣，西方矿业公司本来已经耸耸肩，把目光投向别处了，现在却马上赶回来。”中国成为非洲大陆的重要角色，这一事实刺激了许多西方国家改变策略，加强同非洲的合作。
"Earlier on, you heard (U.S.) officials maybe talk about China as a threat or as a competitor in Africa," says Richard Downie, deputy director of the Africa program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. "All the language from officials now is about Africa as a place where competition is good ... and all the efforts here (in the United States), at least in public, are about seeking areas for cooperation and collaboration with China -- so the language has shifted."
“早些时候，你会听到（美国）官员们谈论着中国是一个威胁或者竞争者”，政策与国际事务研究中心非洲项目代主管理查德·多尼如是说，“现在所有官员口中的话是非洲是个竞争的好地方，（在美国）所有的努力，至少在公开层面，是关于找到与中国共同开放和技术合作的领域，所以，舆论已经转向了”。 虽然，在公众中关于中国的角色问题仍在争论。 Yet concerns about China's role are still being voiced in public.
When U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton was asked about China's growing influence in Africa, during her visit to Zambia in June, she said that Africa must beware of a "new colonialism."
Africa is the corner of the world where that declining U.S. influence is most evident.--Richard Downie, Center for Strategic and International Studies
"We saw that during colonial times it is easy to come in, take out natural resources, pay off leaders and leave," Clinton said from the mineral-rich country that has attracted heavy Chinese investment in mining.
Although Clinton avoided naming China specifically in her remarks, the suggestion that it could be fostering colonialism in Africa was immediately dismissed by Beijing.
六月美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿访问赞比亚时被问道关于中国在非洲的影响问题，她说非洲必须清醒认识“新殖民主义”。非洲正处于美国影响下降最为明显的角落里。 战略与国际问题研究中心理查德·唐尼（Richard Downie）说，”我们在殖民地时代曾看到过这些，他们很容易就走进来，拿走我们的自然资源，贿赂领导人，然后就离开了。“ 希拉里对矿产资源丰富的国家吸引了大量中国矿业投资时提到。 尽管希拉里在她的评论中避免直接点名中国，但她暗示中国在非洲培育殖民主义，但北京对这一观点表示不同意。
Downie says Clinton's comments come at a moment when China's increasing role is creating "a sense of unease" in the United States which echoes a larger debate about America's declining influence as a world power and China's rising prominence.
"The U.S. is very sensitive about it at the moment," he says. "Africa is the corner of the world where that declining U.S. influence is most evident," he adds.
Ayo Johnson, director of Viewpoint Africa, a media organization dealing with news from the continent, says the growing influence of emerging players has left the West feeling "very rattled" and put African countries in a stronger bargaining position.
唐尼认为希拉里的评论来源于这段时间里中国日益重要的角色在美国“正制造了不安的情绪”，这一事实引来大量关于美国影响力下降、中国影响力上升的辩论。 “美国现在非常焦虑，非洲是美国影响力衰落的角落，这是确定无疑的事实。”他补充到。 “非洲观察”（关于非洲大陆的新闻的媒体机构）主管阿优·约翰逊说，中国日益增长的影响力使得西方“惊慌失措”，这使得非洲国家立于讨价还价的优势地位。 "It's becoming very difficult for the West to deal with Africa from their usual perspective," says Johnson.
"When you've been used to doing business in a particular fashion, when you've been used to dealing in a certain way and then there's an injection of a third or fourth player who risk the entire dynamic -- that's exactly what has happened with India and China and now made it so much easier for Africans and their leaders and their communities to choose among the various investors."
Shinn says that to the eyes of many African leaders China's capacity to move fast, coupled with its policy of non-interference in other countries' internal affairs, often makes Beijing a more attractive partner than the West, whose policy in the continent is usually linked to conditions about good governance and human-rights reforms.
One of China's big advantages is that "the Chinese have no mission, no intention at all to change Africa," agrees Dowden.
He adds: "There's still a narrative in our minds in the West that Africa is backward and Africans have got to become like us -- 'we have got to change them' -- I think that Africans feel that and the young African generation that's coming through are now very resentful of that."
“从常规的角度来说，西方与非洲打交道越来越困难。”
“当你习惯了一套方式之后，按照既定的方式处理问题时，突然有第三个第四个选手冒着整个动态的风险进来——这就是正在发生的事，中国和印度使非洲及其领导人和人民更加容易地在众多的投资者中仔细挑选。” 辛恩说，在非洲领导人的眼中，中国有更强的执行力，不干预对方内政的政策使得北京比西方更受欢迎，因为西方总是会把做生意与政府改善和人权状况改革相联系。 “中国的优势就是中国没有任何改变非洲的想法，一点都没有。”多登同意此观点。 他补充道，“我们西方的头脑中仍有这么一种看法，非洲是落后的所以非洲人必须变得和我们一样，‘我们得改变他们’。我想这会导致非洲人尤其是非洲年轻一代会怀恨在心。” |
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